Biologist, Doctor in Geosciences, working with invertebrate ichnology since 1983, in both modern and ancient surface and subsurface deposits. Interested also in paleoecological and taphonomical studies based on biogenic structures data.
Phone: +55 51 91124026
Address: Geology Graduation Program at UNISINOS
Av. Unisinos, 950
93022-000 São Leopoldo RS
Brazil
Phone: +55 51 91124026
Address: Geology Graduation Program at UNISINOS
Av. Unisinos, 950
93022-000 São Leopoldo RS
Brazil
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the Late Paleozoic Ice Age. Ichnofaunas preserved in glacially-influenced sedimentary successions were
previously reported from Parana Basin in southern Brazil. The ichnofauna of the Rio do Sul Formation
preserved in the rhythmites exposed in Trombudo Central quarries (Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil)
is revised in this paper. Cruziana problematica, Diplichnites gouldi, Diplopodichnus biformis, Glaciichnium
liebegastensis, Gluckstadtella elongata isp. nov., Helminthoidichnites tenuis, Mermia carickensis, Protovirgularia
dichotoma, Treptichnus pollardi and Umfolozia sinuosa were recorded. Two trace fossil suites
were recognized. The undermat miners suite is dominated by H. tenuis, indicating the presence of surface
grazers (insect larvae, isopods and amphipods). C. problematica, D. gouldi and U. sinuosa dominate the
overmat grazers suite, as result of displacement of terrestrial and aquatic arthropods. The integrated
sedimentological and ichnological data from Trombudo Central region suggests colonization of
ephemeral, shallow water bodies filled by freshwater from glacier melting. The deposition of the
rhythmites took place in a glaciolacustrine context represented by shallow ponds in marginal marine
settings.
muito se estudou sobre o tema desde a obra pioneira de John Mason Clarke, em 1913.
Este trabalho apresenta um histórico dos estudos paleoicnológicos desenvolvidos em
depósitos siluro-devonianos do estado do Paraná desde a obra de Clarke. A maior parte
dos trabalhos enfocou depósitos da Formação Furnas e deu ênfase às características
icnotaxonômicas, embora aspectos icnofaciológicos tenham sido considerados.
Mesmo que discreta, a contribuição de Clarke para a icnologia do Siluro-Devoniano
paranaense foi relevante por abordar um tema que ainda não possuía destaque nas
geociências no início do século XX.
Gondwana Paraná Basin, southern Brazil) and the paleobiology and paleoecology of its potential tracemakers
are discussed in this paper. Crowded Rosselia ichnofabric has been recorded chiefly in Cenozoic storm beds associated
with high sedimentation rates on the inner shelf, and is usually interpreted as resulting from opportunistic
behavior of terebellid polychaetes. Rosselia is a common ichnotaxon in the archetypical Cruziana ichnofacies, developed
preferentially in fair-weather deposits formed in inner shelf settings. During stormsurges, however, this
endobenthic community is strongly affected, decimating those that are unable to escape. Newrecords presented
herein reinforce the conclusion that short-term colonization represented by crowded Rosselia ichnofabric occurs
essentially in erosive storm deposits of high sedimentation rates. Rather than being opportunistic, the crowded
Rosselia ichnofabric appears to be the result of a strategic behavior developed by stress-tolerant terebellid polychaetes
in inner shelf zones during or just after storm surges. This strategic behavior appeared during the early
Paleozoic and was adopted by terebellids from their earliest appearance.
the Late Paleozoic Ice Age. Ichnofaunas preserved in glacially-influenced sedimentary successions were
previously reported from Parana Basin in southern Brazil. The ichnofauna of the Rio do Sul Formation
preserved in the rhythmites exposed in Trombudo Central quarries (Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil)
is revised in this paper. Cruziana problematica, Diplichnites gouldi, Diplopodichnus biformis, Glaciichnium
liebegastensis, Gluckstadtella elongata isp. nov., Helminthoidichnites tenuis, Mermia carickensis, Protovirgularia
dichotoma, Treptichnus pollardi and Umfolozia sinuosa were recorded. Two trace fossil suites
were recognized. The undermat miners suite is dominated by H. tenuis, indicating the presence of surface
grazers (insect larvae, isopods and amphipods). C. problematica, D. gouldi and U. sinuosa dominate the
overmat grazers suite, as result of displacement of terrestrial and aquatic arthropods. The integrated
sedimentological and ichnological data from Trombudo Central region suggests colonization of
ephemeral, shallow water bodies filled by freshwater from glacier melting. The deposition of the
rhythmites took place in a glaciolacustrine context represented by shallow ponds in marginal marine
settings.
muito se estudou sobre o tema desde a obra pioneira de John Mason Clarke, em 1913.
Este trabalho apresenta um histórico dos estudos paleoicnológicos desenvolvidos em
depósitos siluro-devonianos do estado do Paraná desde a obra de Clarke. A maior parte
dos trabalhos enfocou depósitos da Formação Furnas e deu ênfase às características
icnotaxonômicas, embora aspectos icnofaciológicos tenham sido considerados.
Mesmo que discreta, a contribuição de Clarke para a icnologia do Siluro-Devoniano
paranaense foi relevante por abordar um tema que ainda não possuía destaque nas
geociências no início do século XX.
Gondwana Paraná Basin, southern Brazil) and the paleobiology and paleoecology of its potential tracemakers
are discussed in this paper. Crowded Rosselia ichnofabric has been recorded chiefly in Cenozoic storm beds associated
with high sedimentation rates on the inner shelf, and is usually interpreted as resulting from opportunistic
behavior of terebellid polychaetes. Rosselia is a common ichnotaxon in the archetypical Cruziana ichnofacies, developed
preferentially in fair-weather deposits formed in inner shelf settings. During stormsurges, however, this
endobenthic community is strongly affected, decimating those that are unable to escape. Newrecords presented
herein reinforce the conclusion that short-term colonization represented by crowded Rosselia ichnofabric occurs
essentially in erosive storm deposits of high sedimentation rates. Rather than being opportunistic, the crowded
Rosselia ichnofabric appears to be the result of a strategic behavior developed by stress-tolerant terebellid polychaetes
in inner shelf zones during or just after storm surges. This strategic behavior appeared during the early
Paleozoic and was adopted by terebellids from their earliest appearance.
Ichnology, the study of traces, is a fast growing field that feeds from different and diverse disciplines such as sedimentology, stratigraphy, biology and paleontology. The special publication “Ichnology of Latin America - Selected Papers" arose after the Latin American Symposium on Ichnology 2010 (SLIC 2010) that was held from October 30th to November 7th, 2010, in Sao Leopoldo, south of Brazil. About eighty participants attended the conference, representing 21 institutions from South America, 1 from Central America, 3 from North America, 3 from Europe, and 1 from Asia. The ichnologic community of Latin America is not only one of the largest, but also one of the most active. In that sense, it was worthy to produce this special volume as a synthesis of the current knowledge of ichnology in Latin America.
Two papers address the importance of the trace fossils in the terminal Proterozoic-early Phanerozoic successions of South America. Netto (p. 14-25) synthesizes the knowledge of biogenic structures, body fossils and microbially induced sedimentary structures of the terminal Proterozoic basins of southern Brazil, and discusses the possible relationship between these beds and those from the Avalonian terrane. Buatois & Mángano (p. 27-36) review the ichnology of the Ediacaran-Cambrian Puncoviscana Formation of the North of Argentina from a paleoecologic and macroevolutionary perspective, emphasizing the importance of the feeding strategies related to microbial matgrounds recorded in this succession, as well as the appearance of new body plans and sophisticated feeding strategies.
The other contributions explore part of the Phanerozoic ichnologic record in Latin America. Netto et al. (p. 37-68) make a synthetic review of the ichnology of the Paraná Basin in southern Brazil, with emphasis in the invertebrate record. Alonzo-Muruaga et al. (p. 69-81) present the state-of-art of the ichnology of the Upper Paleozoic deposits of Paganzo and Callingasta-Uspallata basins, in the northwestern Argentina. Carmona et al. (p. 83-97) characterize the most representative trace fossils from the Neogene marine deposits of Patagonia (southeastern Argentina), providing an analysis of this ichnofauna considering local paleoceanographic conditions and exploring its relation with the establishment of the Modern Evolutionary Fauna. VillegasMartín & Rojas-Consuegra (p. 99-106) synthesize the knowledge of the Cuban ichnology through the analysis of the existing literature and the material available in collections. These authors also discuss the future perspectives of this discipline in Cuba. Finally, Souto (p. 107-115) overviews the records of vertebrate’s coprolites found in different units of Latin America, providing a general evaluation of morphologic aspects necessary to describe these structures, and introducing the new methods to study them.
Some case studies are also presented herein, reflecting the emergent ichnological research in Latin America. Invertebrate and vertebrate bioturbaton as well as bioerosion are the main addressed themes. Souza et al. (p. 119-128) present an initial approach to the ichnology of the Lower Devonian Maecuru Formation (Amazonas Basin, northern Brazil). Dentzien-Dias et al. (p. 129-139) describe vertebrate trace fossils from the Upper Jurassic Guará Formation (south of Brazil) and the Batoví Member of the Tacuarembó Formation (north of Uruguay), which contain numerous dinosaur tracks, dominated by theropod and sauropod tracks and different vertebrate burrows. Frank et al. (p. 141-157) synthesize the present knowledge of large tunnels assigned to Cenozoic vertebrates in the southern states of Brazil, and try to identify the possible tracemakers among the South American Megafauna representatives.
In the field of bioerosion, Richiano et al. (p. 159-177) focus on the bioerosion structures in Quaternary marine mollusks from the Atlantic Argentine coast (from Rio de la Plata to the south of Santa Cruz province) while Lopes (p. 179-194) describes the bioerosion and bioincrustation in Quaternary body fossils from the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul State (CPRS), in southern Brazil.
There is much more of the ichnology of Latin America than what is presented in this book. Several high quality papers have been published in indexed journals in the last 30 years, and innumerous papers were published in local journals since the 1950s. An important part of this knowledge is missing in this book, but future editions of the Latin American Symposium on Ichnology will help to fill this gap. To all contributors that helped to construct this compendium, our sincere gratitude. Our special thanks to Jordi M. de Gibert, who was a great enthusiast of the ichnologic research developed in Latin America and who contributed to make this book a reality until his passing, last September.
Renata G. Netto
Noelia B. Carmona
Francisco M.W. Tognoli