Il contributo approfondisce l’opera del grande urbanista italiano Luigi Piccinato (1889-1983) con... more Il contributo approfondisce l’opera del grande urbanista italiano Luigi Piccinato (1889-1983) con particolare riferimento al tema della conservazione a scala urbana. A partire da recenti studi che hanno già evidenziato la linea di continuità, non priva di significative rotture, che lega Piccinato al suo maestro Gustavo Giovannoni – col quale egli si era formato negli anni Venti e nel cui alveo aveva iniziato muovere i suoi primi passi, tanto come studioso che come urbanista – il contributo focalizza in particolare gli anni compresi tra l’immediato dopoguerra e il primo boom economico. Nell’arco di un ventennio cruciale per la storia dell’urbanistica italiana, compreso tra il 1944 e il 1956, viene dunque analizzata l’opera di Piccinato all’indomani della liberazione, nel clima drammatico ma denso di speranze delle città italiane danneggiate dalla guerra, per giungere agli albori del primo boom economico, segnati da sconfitte ma anche dai primi avanzamenti in materia di centri storici, come testimonia il piano regolatore generale di Siena, redatto con Bottoni e Luchini (1956). Attraverso i piani, gli scritti, le partecipazioni ai convegni, le battaglie compiute da Piccinato in accordo con pochi ma convinti sostenitori della necessità di relazionare urbanistica e tutela dei monumenti, emerge dunque un quadro complesso, nel quale si riconosce la continuità della parte migliore degli insegnamenti di Giovannoni insieme con il definitivo superamento degli aspetti più ambigui e retrogradi delle sue teorie. Un quadro segnato proprio dal passaggio, non solo terminologico, dalle «vecchie città» ai «centri storici».
Vietri sul Mare is a small town near the city of Salerno, located on the eastern boundary of UNES... more Vietri sul Mare is a small town near the city of Salerno, located on the eastern boundary of UNESCO Amalfi Coast’s site. Its geographic area, closely related to an uncommon beautiful coastline, represents an interesting case-study for the presence of such a complex heritage system including landscape, urban fabric and historic-artistic testimonies, together with the remarkable survival of the ceramics industry. In spite of that, Vietri’s accessibility system is poor, for both its steep orography and the failure of public transport strategies, so that the town stands out today as one of those «smaller and hilly areas» for which the accessibility problem seems to be a priority today [Agostiano et al., 2011]. Although the accessibility problem concerns the entire urban centre, it becomes particularly complex with regard to the medieval nucleus of the town, traceable to circum oppidum, known as the first fortified citadel in Vietri which gives today the name to its oldest neighbourhood, called «Ciruoppolo». The proposed paper outlines the specific case of this quarter, its issues and the solutions for improving its accessibility, developed within a research group led by the two authors.
The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Information Sciences, 2020
During the 18th century architecture in Naples reached an extremely balanced synthesis between ar... more During the 18th century architecture in Naples reached an extremely balanced synthesis between architectural spatiality and decorative apparatuses representing the most successful example of local inventiveness over history. Quite an impressive case dating back to that period is represented by the "Gabinetto of gilded stucco" in the Royal Palace in Portici. Located in the area of the palace known as Caramanico-from the name of the owner of the pre-existing building incorporated in the palace-the stucco was molded between 1752 and 1753 by the two stucco workers Angelo la Sala and Gennaro Bruscino, who also decorated the "Salotto di Porcellana" in Chinese style. Today the room, used as an academic department, is affected by quite a serious stucco decay majorly due to negligence and humidity and consisting in efflorescence, powdering and bursting, worsened by the corrosion of metal fixings. However, the present-day state of conservation of these stuccoworks represents a unique opportunity to carefully observe the original technique used to make such artworks at that time. Therefore by means of advanced surveying instruments and multi-analytical material characterization together with archival documents, the present research-set up in collaboration between University of Naples, Politecnico di Milano and CNR-aims at elaborating a thorough knowledge of an emblematic case of 18th century Neapolitan stucco with a view to its future conservation.
The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Information Sci-ences, 2020
The castle of Pescopagano, a small village located on the border between Basilicata and Campania,... more The castle of Pescopagano, a small village located on the border between Basilicata and Campania, is a complex of great historical and landscape value, for the inseparable combination that binds its stones to the rock where it stands. Founded perhaps in the Byzantine times, but certainly renovated and built in its current forms between the 11th and 12th century, the castle had considerable military importance under Frederick II of Swabia. Seriously damaged by the earthquake of 1694, the fortress underwent a partial reconstruction, but ended up suffering further collapses caused by the Irpinia earthquake of 1980, such as to motivate the first interventions of securing and, above all, the application of the listing process. Today the castle is still largely in ruins and is only partially accessible thanks to a limited intervention on the paths. The present research aims at deepening the knowledge of the state of conservation, the damage mechanisms and the previous restoration interventions of the castle, in order to define possible strategies for its restoration and enhancement. The analysis work uses the most advanced laser scanning and drone detection systems, in order to document, as accurately as possible, the complex patrimonial system of the castle. Thanks to the combined use of these techniques, the objective is also to define methods that can be replicated in other contexts where the relationship between geomorphology and construction is so relevant that it jeopardizes the use of any other traditional survey system.
Vietri sul Mare is a small town near the city of Salerno, located on the eastern boundary of UNES... more Vietri sul Mare is a small town near the city of Salerno, located on the eastern boundary of UNESCO Amalfi Coast’s site. Its geographic area, closely related to an uncommon beautiful coastline, represents an interesting case-study for the presence of a complex heritage system including landscape, urban fabric and historic-artistic testimonies, together with the remarkable survival of the ceramics industry. In spite of that, the accessibility system of Vietri is poor, for both its steep orography and the failure of public transport strategies: the use of private car can be really daunting determining totally unsustainable conditions as for the traffic and the environment too. As the result of an inter-University and interdisciplinary research work – developed by a team of city planners, conservation researchers and experts on transportation – the paper focuses on a strategic framework concerning the enhancement of the entire historic urban system, the aims of which are: the sustainable accessibility, the requalification of the public spaces and the protection of cultural heritage and landscape. The work is firstly based on a thorough investigation about the area and the urban system, that is supported by an in-depth historical research. Then the work focuses the mobility system, through a preliminary analysis of the mobility demand and the critical issues of the transport system. Starting from the context analysis, a strategic operating framework is defined, aimed to the improvement of internal and external accessibility. New parking areas are particularly planned, as well as systems of sustainable mobility – eco-bus and bike-sharing – and, above all, new lift systems connecting the coast to the historic center, in which some accessible pedestrian paths are organized. Finally the result represents the synthesis of an urban, landscape and mobility project, which points out the multisector and multiscale character of the contemporary project.
The farmhouses of Campi Flegrei represent a unique heritage, which is marked by complex relevanci... more The farmhouses of Campi Flegrei represent a unique heritage, which is marked by complex relevancies, con-sisting of territorial, archaeological, historical and constructive values. In fact, the farmhouses had grown in time over the ancient roman structures of the villae rusticae with a clear continuity of building techniques. Today, many of these farmhouses are marked by a condition of neglect. This, on one hand, has preserved their authenticity but on the other it has exposed them to the risk of loss and alteration of their values, especially concerning their constructive techniques and materials. In order to protect them, only a thorough survey and a 3D representation can help by managing the difficult strategies of conservation, like the one carried out on the «Masseria Caleo» in Pozzuoli, which stands out as a significant case-study, for the presence of a roman col-umbarium and for its belonging to the religious property of the monastery of S. Martino.
The Arena Flegrea is one of the most relevant buildings of the great exhibition com-plex of the P... more The Arena Flegrea is one of the most relevant buildings of the great exhibition com-plex of the Prima Mostra Triennale delle Terre d’Oltremare (1937-1940) in Fuorigrotta, in the western area of Naples, which is undoubtedly the most significant architectural experience real-ized in Southern Italy in the first half of the 20th century. The design of the Arena Flegrea was entrusted in 1938 to the young architect Giulio De Luca (1912-2004). Destined to theatrical op-eras or music concerts, but also to collective meetings, the Arena («the first theater – specifically built for – outdoor mass shows»), was formerly conceived for 20,000 spectators, reduced in the final design to 12,000. The Arena could not be opened due to the entry of Italy in World War II that, in June 1940, led to the closure of the Mostra d’Oltremare. After the renovation in 1952, the Arena lived alternate seasons until the abandonment which motivated, not without controversies, its thoughtless demolition in 1989. The demolition of the masterpiece of the 1930s came with the guilty assent of the same architect who 50 years earlier had designed the building: Giulio De Lu-ca, who signed the plan for the reconstruction in the same site of a new building, completed in 2001. The Arena Flegrea presents today problems of conservation at large and small scale. On the one hand, some crucial issues arise, concerning in particular the economic sustainability of the Arena’s use, which at present is limited exclusively to the summer months. Secondly, some specific degradation problems stand out, partly due also to some original design choices, affect-ing in particular the surfaces of travertine cladding, the concrete of the side prospects, as well as the entire system of the rainwater draining. These issues need to be addressed promptly, in order to assure the survival of a masterpiece of the 20th century architecture.
Castel del Monte is one of the most significant monuments of Southern Italy, not only for its ext... more Castel del Monte is one of the most significant monuments of Southern Italy, not only for its extraordinary values, but also for the specific issue of restoration. Since the 1880’s the castle underwent many interventions, from those carried out by Sarlo and Quagliati – which led to the first loss in term of authenticity – to a more conservative phase, directed by Chierici and Ceschi during the 1930’s. All these interventions were mainly focused on the external surfaces of the castle, and were accompanied by lively debates concerning both the criteria adopted and the results achieved.
A second significant intervention was carried out during the 1960’s, behind the justification of a wide decay process, against a technical solution which appeared soon after to be unsatisfying in terms of durability. As a matter of fact, since the early 1970’s, the castle needed a new conservation process, carried out using the silicon resin, which increased the protection of surfaces but altered the chromatic aspect of the stones.
This continuous process of transformation, which affected the stones of Castel del Monte for over one hundred years, proceeded together with the evolution of the theoretical and practical issues concerning the conservation of architectural surfaces. Thus, the castle appears today like a paradigmatic case to analyze not only the historic evolution of limestone surface conservation, but also the durability of the recent techniques and their outcomes in terms of authenticity.
Conferências sobre preservação em 2013 na FAU-Maranhão. Pós. Revista do programa de pós-graduação... more Conferências sobre preservação em 2013 na FAU-Maranhão. Pós. Revista do programa de pós-graduação em arquitetura e urbanismo da FAUUSP, 2014, n. 35, pp. 216-257.
KÜHL, Beatriz Mugayar. Apresentação. Conferências sobre preservação em 2013 na FAU-Maranhão, pp. 216-218.
PANE, Andrea. O destino do centro histórico de Nápoles em quarenta anos de debates e propostas projetuais: Do plano de 1971 ao grande programa UNESCO, pp. 219-244.
PERGOLI CAMPANELLI, Alessandro. Cassiodoro e o nascimento do restauro ao final do Império Romano do Ocidente, pp. 245-257.
Proceedings HERITAGE 2022 - International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability
Thanks to an innovative territorial plan, drafted with the coordination of Roberto Pane and Luigi... more Thanks to an innovative territorial plan, drafted with the coordination of Roberto Pane and Luigi Piccinato and approved in 1987, many exceptional examples of vernacular architecture have been preserved in the Sorrento peninsula. Some of these, initially built as rural houses inserted in agricultural estates, have been transformed over the centuries by subsequent aggregation of volumes, into more complex structures, in which agricultural and residential usage have long coexisted. This is what happened to Villa Rossi, later known as Villa Murat, in the municipality of Massa Lubrense: an initial nucleus, dating back to the 17th century, was expanded during the following century, adding volumes and regularizing an initially spontaneous architecture. Despite such transformations, Villa Murat still retains some constructive features which are typical of vernacular architecture of the Sorrento and Amalfi coasts, such as extradosed vaults covered with beaten lapillus or the loggias facing ...
EnglishVietri sul Mare is a small town near the city of Salerno, located on the eastern boundary ... more EnglishVietri sul Mare is a small town near the city of Salerno, located on the eastern boundary of UNESCO Amalfi Coast's site. Its geographic area, closely related to an uncommon beautiful coastline, represents an interesting case-study for the presence of a complex heritage system including landscape, urban fabric and historic-artistic testimonies, together with the remarkable survival of the ceramics industry. In spite of that, the accessibility system of Vietri is poor, for both its steep orography and the failure of public transport strategies: the use of private car can be really daunting determining totally unsustainable conditions as for the traffic and the environment too. As the result of an inter-University and interdisciplinary research work � developed by a team of city planners, conservation researchers and experts on transportation � the paper focuses on a strategic framework concerning the enhancement of the entire historic urban system, the aims of which are: th...
La dismissione, la trasformazione e la valorizzazione delle fortificazioni costituiscono, anche p... more La dismissione, la trasformazione e la valorizzazione delle fortificazioni costituiscono, anche per Napoli, temi trainanti nell'evoluzione urbana tra la seconda metŕ del XIX e la prima metŕ del XX secolo. Nella prima parte del saggio, incentrato sul periodo post-unitario, sono approfondite le motivazioni psicologiche, sociali ed economiche connesse all'annullamento di simboli "negativi" che conducono alla riconfigurazione di ampie parti urbane: a tale quadro d'insieme possono riferirsi gli interventi di tabula rasa effettuati sulla cinta bastionata circostante Castelnuovo dalla fine del XV secolo. Lo smantellamento dei bastioni e delle fabbriche di uso militare racchiuse nel recinto fortificato assume un ruolo centrale nella configurazione della cittŕ del Novecento e, con essa, della piazza Municipio, come confermano anche disegni di legge e dibattiti parlamentari avviati fin dal 1861. La seconda parte del saggio affronta le vicende delle mura aragonesi, che sa...
Techne. Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, 2016
The topic of addition represents of the main cornerstones of the debate on conservation. It also ... more The topic of addition represents of the main cornerstones of the debate on conservation. It also represents the comparison between different orientations, that see on the one hand its legitimacy with regards to the contemporary language and, on the other, its denial in favor of a more or less consistent material subtraction. With reference to the accessibility of cultural heritage, the strategy of the addition is more suited for both instances of protection and accessibility by proposing a new technological layer of the contemporaneity thereby also becoming an act of democracy. The essay addresses, also through same examples, the issue by analyzing it under the profile of conservation and technology understood as an united approach to the existence, aimed at the preservation and enhancement of heritage.
This monographic issue of «Storia Urbana» is another tile of the now vast mosaic representing the... more This monographic issue of «Storia Urbana» is another tile of the now vast mosaic representing the war damage and the reconstruction of the architectural and urban heritage after the Second World War, gotten under way about ten years ago by Gian Paolo Treccani. After the issues on Italy (2007), Germany (2010), Japan (2013) and France (2017), it is now the turn of Great Britain, one of the most emblematic countries in Europe for the specificity of the issues that revolved around reconstruction, whose modes could begin to be discussed very early on in comparison to the countries marked by defeat and invasion, opening a debate that enjoyed the widespread participation of an attentive and cognizant public opinion and that constitutes a unique case in the European panorama of the Second World War. Relying on a vast bibliography now available on the subject, the six essays that make up this issue deal, in a precise logical sequence, with some emblematic phases of the architectural and urban heritage in Britain during and after the war. The specific topics analysed are: the vulnerability of the British cities affected by the bombings; the role of planners in the reconstruction process; the more general issues of memory and urban identity in comparison to other European contexts; the emblematic case of St Michael’s Cathedral in Coventry; the debate on the fate of the churches in the City of London; and a related case study of the church of St Alban’s.
This volume of Conversaciones... is dedicated to Françoise Choay, with two of her texts reproduce... more This volume of Conversaciones... is dedicated to Françoise Choay, with two of her texts reproduced in this volume. Guest authors include Jukka Jokilehto, Angela Rojas, Lauren O'Connell, Maria Pilar Biel, Oliver Martin and Andrea Pane.
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A second significant intervention was carried out during the 1960’s, behind the justification of a wide decay process, against a technical solution which appeared soon after to be unsatisfying in terms of durability. As a matter of fact, since the early 1970’s, the castle needed a new conservation process, carried out using the silicon resin, which increased the protection of surfaces but altered the chromatic aspect of the stones.
This continuous process of transformation, which affected the stones of Castel del Monte for over one hundred years, proceeded together with the evolution of the theoretical and practical issues concerning the conservation of architectural surfaces. Thus, the castle appears today like a paradigmatic case to analyze not only the historic evolution of limestone surface conservation, but also the durability of the recent techniques and their outcomes in terms of authenticity.
KÜHL, Beatriz Mugayar. Apresentação. Conferências sobre preservação em 2013 na FAU-Maranhão, pp. 216-218.
PANE, Andrea. O destino do centro histórico de Nápoles em quarenta anos de debates e propostas projetuais: Do plano de 1971 ao grande programa UNESCO, pp. 219-244.
PERGOLI CAMPANELLI, Alessandro. Cassiodoro e o nascimento do restauro ao final do Império Romano do Ocidente, pp. 245-257.
After the issues on Italy (2007), Germany (2010), Japan (2013) and France (2017), it is now the turn of Great Britain, one of the most emblematic countries in Europe for the specificity of the issues that revolved around reconstruction, whose modes could begin to be discussed very early on in comparison to the countries marked by defeat and invasion, opening a debate that enjoyed the widespread participation of an attentive and cognizant public opinion and that constitutes a unique case in the European panorama of the Second World War.
Relying on a vast bibliography now available on the subject, the six essays that make up this issue deal, in a precise logical sequence, with some emblematic phases of the architectural and urban heritage in Britain during and after the war. The specific topics analysed are: the vulnerability of the British cities affected by the bombings; the role of planners in the reconstruction process; the more general issues of memory and urban identity in comparison to other European contexts; the emblematic case of St Michael’s Cathedral in Coventry; the debate on the fate of the churches in the City of London; and a related case study of the church of St Alban’s.