The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Towe... more The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Tower in Campo nell'Elba. The study consist of a 3D Laser Scanner survey campaign, a direct observation of the study object and a photographic survey. The Tower of St. Giovanni was erected during the XI century by the Republic of Pisa, and still today the shape of the tower reveals itself as an observation point strategically attached to the visual network of the island. In the 90s the tower has been restored to preserve its symbolic character. The results of the survey campaign here presented will provide future researchers with updated data about the architectural degenerative evolution; a virtual model allows pecurial observations, comparisons and measurements of dimensional relationships on the territory. The research will finds a conclusion with the comparison between the tangible ruin and the ideal model of St. Giovanni Tower.
This study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys carried out on an architectu... more This study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys carried out on an architectural work of great importance: the Mausoleum of the Tonietti family, designed by Adolfo Coppedè, built on the island of Elba in Tuscany at the beginning of the 20th century. The current alarming conditions of the building invite us to reflect on the unpleasant but common fate of many buildings of the Liberty and Eclectic periods in Italy. With the evolution of rationalism of the architectural form and thus the gradual elimination of decorative elements from architectural objects, architectural research, and with it the observation and conservation of cultural heritage, has increasingly focused on the new rational style, omitting many examples of floral style equally deserving of attention. The alarming state of preservation of the Tonietti Mausoleum, combined with the total absence of conservation projects by local authorities, set the conditions for the dissolution of the work and the consequent loss of the cultural and territorial connotation that it created. Processing of the survey data and the collection of documentation are intended to create the basis for the comparison of the work's original state and its current form, determining the current conditions of decay. One may hope that this work can lead to a practical impulse to conservation of this cultural property designed by the youngest of the Coppedè brothers, while giving it due recognition for its inherent qualities and position in the history of architecture.
Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. XV to XVIII centuries / Vol VI, Oct 2017
The topic presented in this paper is part of a wider research network about the Elban fortificati... more The topic presented in this paper is part of a wider research network about the Elban fortification system that last year has produced two works discussed during the Italian edition of the FortMED 2016. The research proposed this year has the will to give the actual state of remains of the Fortress of Giove near Rio nell'Elba (Livorno, Italy). The fortress was built in 1459 from the Appiani family, at that time authority of the Elba Island. Initially it was rectangular shaped with a scarped wall and a dry moat all around its perimeter and a fortified tower with the entrance on the North façade. The fortress was destroyed first by the Ottoman pirate Dragut in 1533 and decisively from the Spanish governor of Porto Azzurro, Mouroy de Pinel. The aim of the digital survey, operated with a 3D Laser Scanner and a professional photographic equipment, is to have a complete coverage of the entire structure, without forgiving the masonry texture, useful to bring hypothesis about its original shape and eventual architectural changes. Also this study will contributed to complete the panoramic view of the Elban fortifications started in 2016 for initiative of the Architecture Department of the Florence University.
Il Battistero di Biella costituisce un esempio in Italia di battistero quadriconco. La sua costru... more Il Battistero di Biella costituisce un esempio in Italia di battistero quadriconco. La sua costruzione è avvenuta a partire dal IX secolo, su un sepolcreto tardo-romano. In esso è possibile riconoscere gli elementi tipici del Romanico. L’impianto a base quadrangolare si amplia in quattro corpi semicilindrici, separati dai pilastri angolari che creano la base per sostenere il tiburio. Il suo assetto architettonico e la sua scala lo rendono un elemento di forte suggestione. In tal senso, il rilievo e la documentazione del battistero - attuati con tecnologie speditive come la fotogrammetria digitale finalizzata a produrre modelli tridimensionali di alta qualità - permettono di creare modelli digitali di studio confrontabili con altri testimoni architettonici.
The Baptistery of Biella is an example in Italy of a quadriconco baptistery. It has been built from the IX century, on a late-Roman burial ground. In this baptistery it is possible to identify some typical elements of the Romanesque Architecture. The quadrangular plant has got four lateral semi-circular rooms, divided by angle pillars aimed at supporting the lantern. With its architectural structure and its scale it is an element of strong suggestion. For this, the survey and the documentation of the baptistery - made by speed technologies like digital photogrammetry aimed to the production of high quality 3D models - let us to create digital study models comparable with other architectural witnesses.
The return of photogrammetry in researches and studies about cultural heritage has been possible ... more The return of photogrammetry in researches and studies about cultural heritage has been possible thanks to the development of the digital photography. With the evolution of the digital photographic equipment and so the overcoming of the analogical shooting, now the application field of the digital photogrammetry is wide and varied. The study presented shows how the Structure from Motion (SfM) can achieve high level of details, in relation of the shooting equipment used. The Micro-Photogrammetry, used during a survey campaign in Cappadocia-Central Anatolia, has constituted an additional and completing part of the studies, allowing both the conclusion of the study on the conservation state of the object and improving new ways for the screening of the study object. In the case study reported, on the rupestrian residential systems (the World Heritage Site of Göreme), has permitted an easy study and learning on the manufacturing of the inner surface of the rooms and has provided, through the production of 3D models, an analysis on the equipment and instruments used for these kind of manufacturing. The study shows significant results and various possibilities on the multidisciplinary methodology of study in complex subject, like the rupestrian architecture. Moreover the results of the manufacturing process have been investigated and the performance is expounding showing the level of detail obtained on each sample. The whole of this study shows an innovative framework on the SfM technique and creates new ways of dialogue between the interested researchers on the topic of the study and conservation of cultural heritage; never forgetting the possibility and the opportunity to create and share the state of art with a specific database for the future generation of researchers.
This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the ... more This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the territory of Ragusa. Object of this study is the system consisting in three coastal watchtowers, located in three hamlets in Santa Croce Camerina, a small town near Ragusa. These works of military engineering are nominated as Torre Vigliena in Punta Braccetto, Torre di Mezzo (or Torre di Pietro) in the homonym hamlet and Torre Scalambri in Punta Secca. Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory. Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their original geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible. This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers. Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices. The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast. The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different s... more The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different survey data, to compare the specific workflows in terms of data gathering speed, performance and processing efficiency, errors and their mitigation methods in final digital models. The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes. The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for colouring and lighting. The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, taking as a model an experience developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”. The result is characterized by the many different shots collected: various photographic equipments, light conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, and many points of view. After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping. The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models. The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation. All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable of giving a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for a simple, quick and functional digital survey.
ARCHITECTURE, ARCHAEOLOGY AND CONTEMPORARY CITY PLANNING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP, Dec 30, 2014
Behind a conference, behind the proceedings and the book left to testify the complexity and the m... more Behind a conference, behind the proceedings and the book left to testify the complexity and the mountain of ideas flowed in few days, there is always the group of people who debated all the subjects, and their life around the event. So documenting with pictures is a nice way to add something more to the acts, and its something that can be done with group pictures, with reportage pictures, with casual shots, but is also something that can be done with an effort, the one that trying to capture the real essence of visit and of the people around. In this closing contribution it is possible to see a selected series of images from the workshop, the visited towns, but no people posing or common postcards, only few shots to put in order what was done and trying to capture the involvement of the participants to the workshop. All the pictures here are taken and post processed by the authors.
The Church of Santa Reparata and the Baptistery of San Giovanni are located inside the ancient
... more The Church of Santa Reparata and the Baptistery of San Giovanni are located inside the ancient
town walls of Lucca, Tuscany. They are examples of a multi-layered building, built on an ancient Roman
domus1
that evolved into a baptistery and a church. The first settlement church is dated to 754 A.D. and has
evolved to the current configuration that now is the topic of relevant archaeological and architectural studies.
The baptistery has had various functions: it probably evolved from a Roman residence in pre-Christian
period and then was changed architecturally to suit the needs of the urban evolution.
The Poster presented at the Conference of Cultural Heritage and New Technologies (CHNT) 18 - 2013,
focusing on the transformation of the baptistery, will focus on the first version, characterized by a central
quadriconco2
plan, debated by different research results of the construction phases.
The research work in debate was developed on the analysis of the walls and the comparison with the similar
baptistery of Biella, Piemonte. The baptistery of Biella is a rare example of an existing baptistery
quadriconco, built in the 10th century on ancient Roman ruins. San Giovanni in Lucca demonstrates a
hypothetical presence of a Roman Nymphaeum3
, which later developed into the current layout. Researchers
disagree whether or not the baptistery really functioned as baptisteries in the Roman period. The use of
various survey methodologies such as digital laser scanning and photogrammetry Structure from Motion
(SFM), offers different methods of comparison by which to develop alternative hypothesis about the
structural evolution of this monument.
The intentions of the survey are to highlight the flexibility of investigation that allows digital techniques,
supported by quick and easy production of digital comparative models. These methods are an example of
"correct documentation" through the intersection of cultural analytical methods of their own architecture and
metric survey.
The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Towe... more The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Tower in Campo nell' Elba. The study consists of a 3D Laser Scanner survey campaign, a direct observation of the study object and a photographic survey. The Tower of St. Giovanni was erected during the XI century by the Republic of Pisa, and still today the shape of the tower reveals itself as an observation point strategically attached to the visual network of the Island. In the 90s the tower has been restored to preserve its symbolic character. The results of the survey campaign here presented will provide future researchers with updated data about the architectural degenerative evolution; a virtual model allows peculiar observations, comparisons and measurements of dimensional relationships on the territory. The research will find a conclusion with the comparison between the tangible ruin and the ideal model of St. Giovanni Tower.
This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the ... more This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the territory of Ragusa. Object of this study is the system consisting in three coastal watchtowers, located in three hamlets in Santa Croce Camerina, a small town near Ragusa. These works of military engineering are nominated as Torre Vigliena in Punta Braccetto, Torre di Mezzo (or Torre di Pietro) in the homonym hamlet and Torre Scalambri in Punta Secca. Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory. Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their original geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible. This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers. Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices. The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast. The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different s... more The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different survey data, to compare the specific workflows in terms of data gathering speed, performance and processing efficiency, errors and their mitigation methods in final digital models. The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes. The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for coloring and lighting. The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, with the experience of the test developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”. The result is characterized by many differences of the shots collected: various photographic equipments, light conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, but also many points of view. After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping. The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models. The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation. All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable to give a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for quick and well working digital survey. Keywords: Photogrammetry, Survey, Comparison, Processing, Web Resources
Il battistero di Biella costituisce uno dei pochi esempi rimasti in Italia di battistero con impi... more Il battistero di Biella costituisce uno dei pochi esempi rimasti in Italia di battistero con impianto quadriconco. La sua costruzione è avvenuta in varie fasi a partire dal IX secolo, andando a stabilire le proprie fondazioni su di un sepolcreto tardo-romano, tuttavia l’impostazione quadriconca è indubbiamente da attribuire ad una scelta progettuale originale. Si tratta di un edificio in cui è possibile riconoscere gli elementi tipici del romanico, con una massa muraria omogenea e costituita da ciottoli di pietra commisti e intervallati da parti in laterizio. Questo battistero è stato espressamente pensato per celebrare il battesimo secondo il rito ambrosiano e, come è naturale per questo tipo di realizzazione, gli elementi formali e la struttura architettonica si legano ad aspetti simbolici e necessità del rito. L’impianto a base quadrangolare si amplia in quattro corpi semi-cilindrici, separati dai quattro pilastri angolari che creano la base necessaria a sostenere il tiburio che estende la geometria dello spazio in una pianta ottagonale. Alcuni elementi oggi possono introdurre delle alterazioni sensibili rispetto all’impianto originale, come la cripta a croce greca realizzata nel 1791 con uno scavo al di sotto del piano di calpestio del battistero, oppure come l’introduzione di una lanterna con bifore sui quattro lati posizionata a chiudere l’oculo della copertura; la presenza di elementi di spoglio ha portato in passato a ipotizzare una derivazione dell’edificio da una costruzione precedente e più antica. Il suo assetto architettonico, la sua particolare scala e proporzione, lo rendono un elemento di forte suggestione, capace di trasmettere sia il rapporto tra arte romanica e forme precedenti, sia la persistenza di soluzioni espressive che proseguono tra il passato romano e le formule rinnovate del romanico. In tal senso, il rilievo e la documentazione del battistero di Biella -attuati con tecnologie speditive e contemporanee come la fotogrammetria digitale finalizzata a produrre modelli tridimensionali di alta qualità- permettono di creare modelli tridimensionali digitali di studio e analisi facilmente confrontabili con altri testimoni architettonici. Possono quindi costituire un importante riferimento i ruderi di una delle fasi “evolutive” del battistero di Lucca, rilevati con tecnologia 3D laser scanner e trattati al fine di meglio comprendere la forma originale di questo edificio, ma anche i ninfei romani, costituiti da quattro vasche semicircolari e potenzialmente in stretta relazioni con il senso dell’acqua fluens e della soluzione architettonica atta a gestirla e contenerla. Punto importante di reciproco scambio tra i modelli diventa quindi il rapporto di dimensionamento tra spessori murari e alzati, la gestione dello spazio, la soluzione di copertura e le suggestioni create da queste architetture. Appropriate tecniche di rilievo digitale e conseguenti trattamento del dato permettono di ottenere soluzioni di confronto e comparazione capaci a concretare e rendere più chiaro il rapporto tra idee, suggestioni e evidenze oggettive e verificarle al di fuori della scala, della condizione dell’edificio, della sua posizione architettonica. Il tutto al fine di riscoprire in forma contemporanea e di facile disseminazione, una particolare tipologia di edificio che ha mediato la formula prima orientale e poi romana del ninfeo per trasformarla in un edificio massivo e concreto capace di creare quelle condizioni di riconoscibilità e ripetibilità della struttura architettonica che fortemente hanno contribuito alla costituzione di un “paesaggio” romanico nella propria epoca e che a tutt'oggi costituiscono uno spunto ed uno stimolo di grande suggestione per il ricercatore e lo studioso.
In discussions on urbanism, the need to involve new actors has been a major theme of recent debat... more In discussions on urbanism, the need to involve new actors has been a major theme of recent debate. In this field, throughout Europe, various ways of allowing citizens to take a more direct part in planning is stressed. It is also important to look at the role or lack of role played by particular research fields. Architecture plays a major role in city planning. While archaeology has become increasingly involved in field projects in urban environments, the discipline seldom plays an important role in city planning. In several countries and particular cities this situation has been questioned during the last decades. In June 2014 a group of scholars from 8 different countries met in Florence to discuss about the relationship between Architecture, Archaeology and contemporary City Planning. This book collects the final papers from that meeting.
The study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys operated on an architectural ... more The study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys operated on an architectural work of great importance: it is the Mausoleum for Tonietti family, by Adolfo Coppedè, built on the Elba Island in Tuscany-Italy at the beginning of the 20th century. The current alarming conditions of the building invite to make some reflections on the unpleasant but common fate of many architectures of the Liberty and Eclectic period in Italy. With the evolution of rationalism of the architectural form and thus the gradual purifying of decorative plastic organisms from architectural objects, architectural research, and with it the observation and conservation of cultural heritage, has increasingly focused on new rational style, omitting many examples in floral style equally deserving of attention. The alarming state of preservation of Tonietti Mausoleum, combined with the total absence of projects by local authorities, set the conditions for the dissolution of the work and the consequent loss of the cultural and territorial connotation that it creates. The processing of the surveys and the gathering of documentation wants to create the basis for the comparison of work conditions in its original state and the current form, fixing the actual conditions of decay. There is the hope that this work can create a conservative practical input that restores the integrity of the cultural property designed by the youngest of Coppedè brothers, giving to it its real and necessary value in the study of the history of architecture and the development of the evolutionary dialogue necessarily connected to the same historical evolution.
The classic architecture and its image, strong in the imagery as in its real manifestation, it ca... more The classic architecture and its image, strong in the imagery as in its real manifestation, it can be found in the shape of a rich sample in the Theseus Temple in the Volksgarten in Vienna. During the Cultural Heritage and New Technologies 16 workshop in November 2011 a well participated seminar took place in this location, under the guide of G. Verdiani, B. Ridderhof and W. Beex, and with the collaboration of R. Rudorfer, the whole monument was surveyed in all the over ground parts, the whole work was made together with the participants to the seminar and it allowed a good coverage of the whole building. During the past year, starting from the registered pointcloud it has been possible to reconstruct the digital surface model in a new, well defined, setup. Starting from the previous survey our work proceed in taking the photogrammetrical survey of the Canova’s Theseus statue, reading the drawings from Pietro Nobile (the author of the temple) and analyzing, through the post-processing of these data, the Wiener neoclassic temple in its proportions and dimensions. After that the comparison between the “Theseus Tempel” and real classical model has found its result for produce some hypothesis about a new overall setup for the Theseus Temple because of exploring this monument from its state at now and a possibility of future evolutions. So our proposed themes are aimed to present the seminar work and how the data produced at that time has worked as the base for a new specific research about this interesting monument.
The Church of Santa Reparata and the Baptistery of San Giovanni are located inside the ancient to... more The Church of Santa Reparata and the Baptistery of San Giovanni are located inside the ancient town walls of Lucca, Tuscany. They are examples of a multi-layered building, built on an ancient Roman domus that evolved into a baptistery and a church. The first settlement church is dated to 754 A.D. and has evolved to the current configuration that now is the topic of relevant archaeological and architectural studies. The baptistery has had various functions: it probably evolved from a Roman residence in pre-Christian period and then was changed architecturally to suit the needs of the urban evolution. The Poster presented at the Conference of Cultural Heritage and New Technologies (CHNT) 18 - 2013, focusing on the transformation of the baptistery, will focus on the first version, characterized by a central quadriconco plan, debated by different research results of the construction phases. The research work in debate was developed on the analysis of the walls and the comparison with the similar baptistery of Biella, Piemonte. The baptistery of Biella is a rare example of an existing baptistery quadriconco built in the 10th century on ancient Roman ruins. San Giovanni in Lucca demonstrates a hypothetical presence of a Roman Nymphaeum, which later developed into the current layout. Researchers disagree whether or not the baptistery really functioned as baptisteries in the Roman period. The use of various survey methodologies such as digital laser scanning and photogrammetry Structure from Motion (SFM), offers different methods of comparison by which to develop alternative hypothesis about the structural evolution of this monument. The intentions of the survey are to highlight the flexibility of investigation that allows digital techniques, supported by quick and easy production of digital comparative models. These methods are an example of "correct documentation" through the intersection of cultural analytical methods of their own architecture and metric survey.
The rehabilitation of photogrammetry in researches and studies about cultural heritage has been p... more The rehabilitation of photogrammetry in researches and studies about cultural heritage has been possible thanks to the development of the digital photography. With the evolution of the digital photographic equipments and so the overcoming of the analogic shooting, now the application field of the digital photogrammetry is wide and varied. The study presented shows how the Structure from Motion (SfM) can achieve high level of details, in relation of the shooting equipment used. The Micro-Photogrammetry, used during a survey campaign in Cappadocia - Central Anatolia, has constituted an additional and completing part of the studies, allowing both the completion of the study on the conservation state of the object and improving new ways for the screening of the study object. In the case study reported, on the rupestrian residential systems (the World Heritage Site of Göreme), has permitted an easy study and learning on the manufacturing of the inner surface of the rooms and has provided, through the production of 3D models, an analysis on the equipments and instruments used for these kind of manufacturing. The study shows significant results and various possibilities on the multi-disciplinary methodology of study in complex subject, like the rupestrian architecture. Moreover the results of the manufacturing process has been investigated and the performance is expounding showing the level of detail obtained on each sample. The whole of this study shows an innovative framework on the SfM technique and creates new ways of dialogue between the interested researchers on the topic of the study and conservation of cultural heritage; never forgetting the possibility and the opportunity to create and share the state of art with a specific database for the future generation of researchers.
The Baptistery of Biella is an example in Italy of a quadriconco baptistery. It has been built fr... more The Baptistery of Biella is an example in Italy of a quadriconco baptistery. It has been built from the IX century, on a late-Roman burial ground. In this baptistery it is possible to identify some typical elements of the Romanesque Architecture. The quadrangular plant has got four lateral semi-circular rooms, divided by angle pillars aimed at supporting the lantern. With its architectural structure and its scale it is an element of strong suggestion. For this, the survey and the documentation of the baptistery -made by speed technologies like digital photogrammetry aimed to the production of high quality 3D models- let us to create digital study models comparable with other architectural witnesses.
The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Towe... more The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Tower in Campo nell'Elba. The study consist of a 3D Laser Scanner survey campaign, a direct observation of the study object and a photographic survey. The Tower of St. Giovanni was erected during the XI century by the Republic of Pisa, and still today the shape of the tower reveals itself as an observation point strategically attached to the visual network of the island. In the 90s the tower has been restored to preserve its symbolic character. The results of the survey campaign here presented will provide future researchers with updated data about the architectural degenerative evolution; a virtual model allows pecurial observations, comparisons and measurements of dimensional relationships on the territory. The research will finds a conclusion with the comparison between the tangible ruin and the ideal model of St. Giovanni Tower.
This study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys carried out on an architectu... more This study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys carried out on an architectural work of great importance: the Mausoleum of the Tonietti family, designed by Adolfo Coppedè, built on the island of Elba in Tuscany at the beginning of the 20th century. The current alarming conditions of the building invite us to reflect on the unpleasant but common fate of many buildings of the Liberty and Eclectic periods in Italy. With the evolution of rationalism of the architectural form and thus the gradual elimination of decorative elements from architectural objects, architectural research, and with it the observation and conservation of cultural heritage, has increasingly focused on the new rational style, omitting many examples of floral style equally deserving of attention. The alarming state of preservation of the Tonietti Mausoleum, combined with the total absence of conservation projects by local authorities, set the conditions for the dissolution of the work and the consequent loss of the cultural and territorial connotation that it created. Processing of the survey data and the collection of documentation are intended to create the basis for the comparison of the work's original state and its current form, determining the current conditions of decay. One may hope that this work can lead to a practical impulse to conservation of this cultural property designed by the youngest of the Coppedè brothers, while giving it due recognition for its inherent qualities and position in the history of architecture.
Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. XV to XVIII centuries / Vol VI, Oct 2017
The topic presented in this paper is part of a wider research network about the Elban fortificati... more The topic presented in this paper is part of a wider research network about the Elban fortification system that last year has produced two works discussed during the Italian edition of the FortMED 2016. The research proposed this year has the will to give the actual state of remains of the Fortress of Giove near Rio nell'Elba (Livorno, Italy). The fortress was built in 1459 from the Appiani family, at that time authority of the Elba Island. Initially it was rectangular shaped with a scarped wall and a dry moat all around its perimeter and a fortified tower with the entrance on the North façade. The fortress was destroyed first by the Ottoman pirate Dragut in 1533 and decisively from the Spanish governor of Porto Azzurro, Mouroy de Pinel. The aim of the digital survey, operated with a 3D Laser Scanner and a professional photographic equipment, is to have a complete coverage of the entire structure, without forgiving the masonry texture, useful to bring hypothesis about its original shape and eventual architectural changes. Also this study will contributed to complete the panoramic view of the Elban fortifications started in 2016 for initiative of the Architecture Department of the Florence University.
Il Battistero di Biella costituisce un esempio in Italia di battistero quadriconco. La sua costru... more Il Battistero di Biella costituisce un esempio in Italia di battistero quadriconco. La sua costruzione è avvenuta a partire dal IX secolo, su un sepolcreto tardo-romano. In esso è possibile riconoscere gli elementi tipici del Romanico. L’impianto a base quadrangolare si amplia in quattro corpi semicilindrici, separati dai pilastri angolari che creano la base per sostenere il tiburio. Il suo assetto architettonico e la sua scala lo rendono un elemento di forte suggestione. In tal senso, il rilievo e la documentazione del battistero - attuati con tecnologie speditive come la fotogrammetria digitale finalizzata a produrre modelli tridimensionali di alta qualità - permettono di creare modelli digitali di studio confrontabili con altri testimoni architettonici.
The Baptistery of Biella is an example in Italy of a quadriconco baptistery. It has been built from the IX century, on a late-Roman burial ground. In this baptistery it is possible to identify some typical elements of the Romanesque Architecture. The quadrangular plant has got four lateral semi-circular rooms, divided by angle pillars aimed at supporting the lantern. With its architectural structure and its scale it is an element of strong suggestion. For this, the survey and the documentation of the baptistery - made by speed technologies like digital photogrammetry aimed to the production of high quality 3D models - let us to create digital study models comparable with other architectural witnesses.
The return of photogrammetry in researches and studies about cultural heritage has been possible ... more The return of photogrammetry in researches and studies about cultural heritage has been possible thanks to the development of the digital photography. With the evolution of the digital photographic equipment and so the overcoming of the analogical shooting, now the application field of the digital photogrammetry is wide and varied. The study presented shows how the Structure from Motion (SfM) can achieve high level of details, in relation of the shooting equipment used. The Micro-Photogrammetry, used during a survey campaign in Cappadocia-Central Anatolia, has constituted an additional and completing part of the studies, allowing both the conclusion of the study on the conservation state of the object and improving new ways for the screening of the study object. In the case study reported, on the rupestrian residential systems (the World Heritage Site of Göreme), has permitted an easy study and learning on the manufacturing of the inner surface of the rooms and has provided, through the production of 3D models, an analysis on the equipment and instruments used for these kind of manufacturing. The study shows significant results and various possibilities on the multidisciplinary methodology of study in complex subject, like the rupestrian architecture. Moreover the results of the manufacturing process have been investigated and the performance is expounding showing the level of detail obtained on each sample. The whole of this study shows an innovative framework on the SfM technique and creates new ways of dialogue between the interested researchers on the topic of the study and conservation of cultural heritage; never forgetting the possibility and the opportunity to create and share the state of art with a specific database for the future generation of researchers.
This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the ... more This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the territory of Ragusa. Object of this study is the system consisting in three coastal watchtowers, located in three hamlets in Santa Croce Camerina, a small town near Ragusa. These works of military engineering are nominated as Torre Vigliena in Punta Braccetto, Torre di Mezzo (or Torre di Pietro) in the homonym hamlet and Torre Scalambri in Punta Secca. Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory. Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their original geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible. This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers. Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices. The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast. The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different s... more The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different survey data, to compare the specific workflows in terms of data gathering speed, performance and processing efficiency, errors and their mitigation methods in final digital models. The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes. The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for colouring and lighting. The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, taking as a model an experience developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”. The result is characterized by the many different shots collected: various photographic equipments, light conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, and many points of view. After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping. The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models. The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation. All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable of giving a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for a simple, quick and functional digital survey.
ARCHITECTURE, ARCHAEOLOGY AND CONTEMPORARY CITY PLANNING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP, Dec 30, 2014
Behind a conference, behind the proceedings and the book left to testify the complexity and the m... more Behind a conference, behind the proceedings and the book left to testify the complexity and the mountain of ideas flowed in few days, there is always the group of people who debated all the subjects, and their life around the event. So documenting with pictures is a nice way to add something more to the acts, and its something that can be done with group pictures, with reportage pictures, with casual shots, but is also something that can be done with an effort, the one that trying to capture the real essence of visit and of the people around. In this closing contribution it is possible to see a selected series of images from the workshop, the visited towns, but no people posing or common postcards, only few shots to put in order what was done and trying to capture the involvement of the participants to the workshop. All the pictures here are taken and post processed by the authors.
The Church of Santa Reparata and the Baptistery of San Giovanni are located inside the ancient
... more The Church of Santa Reparata and the Baptistery of San Giovanni are located inside the ancient
town walls of Lucca, Tuscany. They are examples of a multi-layered building, built on an ancient Roman
domus1
that evolved into a baptistery and a church. The first settlement church is dated to 754 A.D. and has
evolved to the current configuration that now is the topic of relevant archaeological and architectural studies.
The baptistery has had various functions: it probably evolved from a Roman residence in pre-Christian
period and then was changed architecturally to suit the needs of the urban evolution.
The Poster presented at the Conference of Cultural Heritage and New Technologies (CHNT) 18 - 2013,
focusing on the transformation of the baptistery, will focus on the first version, characterized by a central
quadriconco2
plan, debated by different research results of the construction phases.
The research work in debate was developed on the analysis of the walls and the comparison with the similar
baptistery of Biella, Piemonte. The baptistery of Biella is a rare example of an existing baptistery
quadriconco, built in the 10th century on ancient Roman ruins. San Giovanni in Lucca demonstrates a
hypothetical presence of a Roman Nymphaeum3
, which later developed into the current layout. Researchers
disagree whether or not the baptistery really functioned as baptisteries in the Roman period. The use of
various survey methodologies such as digital laser scanning and photogrammetry Structure from Motion
(SFM), offers different methods of comparison by which to develop alternative hypothesis about the
structural evolution of this monument.
The intentions of the survey are to highlight the flexibility of investigation that allows digital techniques,
supported by quick and easy production of digital comparative models. These methods are an example of
"correct documentation" through the intersection of cultural analytical methods of their own architecture and
metric survey.
The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Towe... more The research shows the results of the survey operations and studies made on the St. Giovanni Tower in Campo nell' Elba. The study consists of a 3D Laser Scanner survey campaign, a direct observation of the study object and a photographic survey. The Tower of St. Giovanni was erected during the XI century by the Republic of Pisa, and still today the shape of the tower reveals itself as an observation point strategically attached to the visual network of the Island. In the 90s the tower has been restored to preserve its symbolic character. The results of the survey campaign here presented will provide future researchers with updated data about the architectural degenerative evolution; a virtual model allows peculiar observations, comparisons and measurements of dimensional relationships on the territory. The research will find a conclusion with the comparison between the tangible ruin and the ideal model of St. Giovanni Tower.
This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the ... more This research is focused around Italian defensive system on the southern coast of Sicily, in the territory of Ragusa. Object of this study is the system consisting in three coastal watchtowers, located in three hamlets in Santa Croce Camerina, a small town near Ragusa. These works of military engineering are nominated as Torre Vigliena in Punta Braccetto, Torre di Mezzo (or Torre di Pietro) in the homonym hamlet and Torre Scalambri in Punta Secca. Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory. Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their original geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible. This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers. Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices. The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast. The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different s... more The aim of our research is to analyze three-dimensional models obtained by processing different survey data, to compare the specific workflows in terms of data gathering speed, performance and processing efficiency, errors and their mitigation methods in final digital models. The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes. The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for coloring and lighting. The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, with the experience of the test developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”. The result is characterized by many differences of the shots collected: various photographic equipments, light conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, but also many points of view. After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping. The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models. The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation. All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable to give a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for quick and well working digital survey. Keywords: Photogrammetry, Survey, Comparison, Processing, Web Resources
Il battistero di Biella costituisce uno dei pochi esempi rimasti in Italia di battistero con impi... more Il battistero di Biella costituisce uno dei pochi esempi rimasti in Italia di battistero con impianto quadriconco. La sua costruzione è avvenuta in varie fasi a partire dal IX secolo, andando a stabilire le proprie fondazioni su di un sepolcreto tardo-romano, tuttavia l’impostazione quadriconca è indubbiamente da attribuire ad una scelta progettuale originale. Si tratta di un edificio in cui è possibile riconoscere gli elementi tipici del romanico, con una massa muraria omogenea e costituita da ciottoli di pietra commisti e intervallati da parti in laterizio. Questo battistero è stato espressamente pensato per celebrare il battesimo secondo il rito ambrosiano e, come è naturale per questo tipo di realizzazione, gli elementi formali e la struttura architettonica si legano ad aspetti simbolici e necessità del rito. L’impianto a base quadrangolare si amplia in quattro corpi semi-cilindrici, separati dai quattro pilastri angolari che creano la base necessaria a sostenere il tiburio che estende la geometria dello spazio in una pianta ottagonale. Alcuni elementi oggi possono introdurre delle alterazioni sensibili rispetto all’impianto originale, come la cripta a croce greca realizzata nel 1791 con uno scavo al di sotto del piano di calpestio del battistero, oppure come l’introduzione di una lanterna con bifore sui quattro lati posizionata a chiudere l’oculo della copertura; la presenza di elementi di spoglio ha portato in passato a ipotizzare una derivazione dell’edificio da una costruzione precedente e più antica. Il suo assetto architettonico, la sua particolare scala e proporzione, lo rendono un elemento di forte suggestione, capace di trasmettere sia il rapporto tra arte romanica e forme precedenti, sia la persistenza di soluzioni espressive che proseguono tra il passato romano e le formule rinnovate del romanico. In tal senso, il rilievo e la documentazione del battistero di Biella -attuati con tecnologie speditive e contemporanee come la fotogrammetria digitale finalizzata a produrre modelli tridimensionali di alta qualità- permettono di creare modelli tridimensionali digitali di studio e analisi facilmente confrontabili con altri testimoni architettonici. Possono quindi costituire un importante riferimento i ruderi di una delle fasi “evolutive” del battistero di Lucca, rilevati con tecnologia 3D laser scanner e trattati al fine di meglio comprendere la forma originale di questo edificio, ma anche i ninfei romani, costituiti da quattro vasche semicircolari e potenzialmente in stretta relazioni con il senso dell’acqua fluens e della soluzione architettonica atta a gestirla e contenerla. Punto importante di reciproco scambio tra i modelli diventa quindi il rapporto di dimensionamento tra spessori murari e alzati, la gestione dello spazio, la soluzione di copertura e le suggestioni create da queste architetture. Appropriate tecniche di rilievo digitale e conseguenti trattamento del dato permettono di ottenere soluzioni di confronto e comparazione capaci a concretare e rendere più chiaro il rapporto tra idee, suggestioni e evidenze oggettive e verificarle al di fuori della scala, della condizione dell’edificio, della sua posizione architettonica. Il tutto al fine di riscoprire in forma contemporanea e di facile disseminazione, una particolare tipologia di edificio che ha mediato la formula prima orientale e poi romana del ninfeo per trasformarla in un edificio massivo e concreto capace di creare quelle condizioni di riconoscibilità e ripetibilità della struttura architettonica che fortemente hanno contribuito alla costituzione di un “paesaggio” romanico nella propria epoca e che a tutt'oggi costituiscono uno spunto ed uno stimolo di grande suggestione per il ricercatore e lo studioso.
In discussions on urbanism, the need to involve new actors has been a major theme of recent debat... more In discussions on urbanism, the need to involve new actors has been a major theme of recent debate. In this field, throughout Europe, various ways of allowing citizens to take a more direct part in planning is stressed. It is also important to look at the role or lack of role played by particular research fields. Architecture plays a major role in city planning. While archaeology has become increasingly involved in field projects in urban environments, the discipline seldom plays an important role in city planning. In several countries and particular cities this situation has been questioned during the last decades. In June 2014 a group of scholars from 8 different countries met in Florence to discuss about the relationship between Architecture, Archaeology and contemporary City Planning. This book collects the final papers from that meeting.
The study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys operated on an architectural ... more The study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys operated on an architectural work of great importance: it is the Mausoleum for Tonietti family, by Adolfo Coppedè, built on the Elba Island in Tuscany-Italy at the beginning of the 20th century. The current alarming conditions of the building invite to make some reflections on the unpleasant but common fate of many architectures of the Liberty and Eclectic period in Italy. With the evolution of rationalism of the architectural form and thus the gradual purifying of decorative plastic organisms from architectural objects, architectural research, and with it the observation and conservation of cultural heritage, has increasingly focused on new rational style, omitting many examples in floral style equally deserving of attention. The alarming state of preservation of Tonietti Mausoleum, combined with the total absence of projects by local authorities, set the conditions for the dissolution of the work and the consequent loss of the cultural and territorial connotation that it creates. The processing of the surveys and the gathering of documentation wants to create the basis for the comparison of work conditions in its original state and the current form, fixing the actual conditions of decay. There is the hope that this work can create a conservative practical input that restores the integrity of the cultural property designed by the youngest of Coppedè brothers, giving to it its real and necessary value in the study of the history of architecture and the development of the evolutionary dialogue necessarily connected to the same historical evolution.
The classic architecture and its image, strong in the imagery as in its real manifestation, it ca... more The classic architecture and its image, strong in the imagery as in its real manifestation, it can be found in the shape of a rich sample in the Theseus Temple in the Volksgarten in Vienna. During the Cultural Heritage and New Technologies 16 workshop in November 2011 a well participated seminar took place in this location, under the guide of G. Verdiani, B. Ridderhof and W. Beex, and with the collaboration of R. Rudorfer, the whole monument was surveyed in all the over ground parts, the whole work was made together with the participants to the seminar and it allowed a good coverage of the whole building. During the past year, starting from the registered pointcloud it has been possible to reconstruct the digital surface model in a new, well defined, setup. Starting from the previous survey our work proceed in taking the photogrammetrical survey of the Canova’s Theseus statue, reading the drawings from Pietro Nobile (the author of the temple) and analyzing, through the post-processing of these data, the Wiener neoclassic temple in its proportions and dimensions. After that the comparison between the “Theseus Tempel” and real classical model has found its result for produce some hypothesis about a new overall setup for the Theseus Temple because of exploring this monument from its state at now and a possibility of future evolutions. So our proposed themes are aimed to present the seminar work and how the data produced at that time has worked as the base for a new specific research about this interesting monument.
The Church of Santa Reparata and the Baptistery of San Giovanni are located inside the ancient to... more The Church of Santa Reparata and the Baptistery of San Giovanni are located inside the ancient town walls of Lucca, Tuscany. They are examples of a multi-layered building, built on an ancient Roman domus that evolved into a baptistery and a church. The first settlement church is dated to 754 A.D. and has evolved to the current configuration that now is the topic of relevant archaeological and architectural studies. The baptistery has had various functions: it probably evolved from a Roman residence in pre-Christian period and then was changed architecturally to suit the needs of the urban evolution. The Poster presented at the Conference of Cultural Heritage and New Technologies (CHNT) 18 - 2013, focusing on the transformation of the baptistery, will focus on the first version, characterized by a central quadriconco plan, debated by different research results of the construction phases. The research work in debate was developed on the analysis of the walls and the comparison with the similar baptistery of Biella, Piemonte. The baptistery of Biella is a rare example of an existing baptistery quadriconco built in the 10th century on ancient Roman ruins. San Giovanni in Lucca demonstrates a hypothetical presence of a Roman Nymphaeum, which later developed into the current layout. Researchers disagree whether or not the baptistery really functioned as baptisteries in the Roman period. The use of various survey methodologies such as digital laser scanning and photogrammetry Structure from Motion (SFM), offers different methods of comparison by which to develop alternative hypothesis about the structural evolution of this monument. The intentions of the survey are to highlight the flexibility of investigation that allows digital techniques, supported by quick and easy production of digital comparative models. These methods are an example of "correct documentation" through the intersection of cultural analytical methods of their own architecture and metric survey.
The rehabilitation of photogrammetry in researches and studies about cultural heritage has been p... more The rehabilitation of photogrammetry in researches and studies about cultural heritage has been possible thanks to the development of the digital photography. With the evolution of the digital photographic equipments and so the overcoming of the analogic shooting, now the application field of the digital photogrammetry is wide and varied. The study presented shows how the Structure from Motion (SfM) can achieve high level of details, in relation of the shooting equipment used. The Micro-Photogrammetry, used during a survey campaign in Cappadocia - Central Anatolia, has constituted an additional and completing part of the studies, allowing both the completion of the study on the conservation state of the object and improving new ways for the screening of the study object. In the case study reported, on the rupestrian residential systems (the World Heritage Site of Göreme), has permitted an easy study and learning on the manufacturing of the inner surface of the rooms and has provided, through the production of 3D models, an analysis on the equipments and instruments used for these kind of manufacturing. The study shows significant results and various possibilities on the multi-disciplinary methodology of study in complex subject, like the rupestrian architecture. Moreover the results of the manufacturing process has been investigated and the performance is expounding showing the level of detail obtained on each sample. The whole of this study shows an innovative framework on the SfM technique and creates new ways of dialogue between the interested researchers on the topic of the study and conservation of cultural heritage; never forgetting the possibility and the opportunity to create and share the state of art with a specific database for the future generation of researchers.
The Baptistery of Biella is an example in Italy of a quadriconco baptistery. It has been built fr... more The Baptistery of Biella is an example in Italy of a quadriconco baptistery. It has been built from the IX century, on a late-Roman burial ground. In this baptistery it is possible to identify some typical elements of the Romanesque Architecture. The quadrangular plant has got four lateral semi-circular rooms, divided by angle pillars aimed at supporting the lantern. With its architectural structure and its scale it is an element of strong suggestion. For this, the survey and the documentation of the baptistery -made by speed technologies like digital photogrammetry aimed to the production of high quality 3D models- let us to create digital study models comparable with other architectural witnesses.
The Medusa's Heads project
is a research from the Dipartimento di Architettura
University of Flor... more The Medusa's Heads project is a research from the Dipartimento di Architettura University of Florence, Italy
It is developed inside the DIDALABS System under the coordination of Giorgio Verdiani
The survey group (2014): Giorgio Verdiani, Stefano Columbu, Andrea Pasquali, Tatiana Pignatale, Andrea Leonardi
The survey group (2017): Giorgio Verdiani, Andrea Pasquali, Ylenia Ricci
Photogrammetry processing and graphic development: Giorgio Verdiani, Andrea Pasquali, Ylenia Ricci
Graphic post processing: Andrea Pasquali and Ylenia Ricci
The authors want to greet Seda Sakar and Serkan Gokalp for their valuable support to the photogrammetry survey at the Istanbul Archeological Museum and Zeynep Ceylanli and Pelin Arslan for their kind indications and translations.
Music: Ombra Mai Fu, Georg Friederich Handel, interpreted by Cécilia Bartoli
The 3D models of this project can be viewed in www.sketchfab.com, direct link:
************************************************************* Il progetto "Medusa's Heads" è una ricerca del Dipartimento di Architettura Università di Firenze, Italia
È sviluppato all'interno del Sistema DIDALABS sotto il coordinamento del prof. Giorgio Verdiani
Il gruppo di indagine (2014): Giorgio Verdiani, Stefano Columbu, Andrea Pasquali, Tatiana Pignatale, Andrea Leonardi
Il gruppo di indagine (2017): Giorgio Verdiani, Andrea Pasquali, Ylenia Ricci
Elaborazione fotogrammetria e sviluppo grafico: Giorgio Verdiani, Andrea Pasquali, Ylenia Ricci
Post processing grafico: Andrea Pasquali e Ylenia Ricci
Gli autori desiderano ringraziare Seda Sakar e Serkan Gokalp per il loro prezioso supporto al rilievo fotogrammetrico presso il Museo Archeologico di Istanbul e Zeynep Ceylanli e Pelin Arslan per le loro utili indicazioni e traduzioni.
Musica: Ombra Mai Fu, Georg Friederich Handel, interpretato da Cécilia Bartoli
I modelli 3D di questo progetto possono essere visualizzati in www.sketchfab.com, link diretto:
Uploads
Papers
The Baptistery of Biella is an example in Italy of a quadriconco baptistery. It has been built from the IX century, on a late-Roman burial ground. In this baptistery it is possible to identify some typical elements of the Romanesque Architecture. The quadrangular plant has got four lateral semi-circular rooms, divided by angle pillars aimed at supporting the lantern. With its architectural structure and its scale it is an element of strong suggestion. For this, the survey and the documentation of the baptistery - made by speed technologies like digital photogrammetry aimed to the production of high quality 3D models - let us to create digital study models comparable with other architectural witnesses.
Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory.
Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their original geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible.
This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers.
Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices.
The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast.
The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes.
The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for colouring and lighting.
The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, taking as a model an experience developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”.
The result is characterized by the many different shots collected: various photographic equipments, light
conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, and many points of view.
After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping.
The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models.
The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the
complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation.
All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable of giving a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for a simple, quick and functional digital survey.
town walls of Lucca, Tuscany. They are examples of a multi-layered building, built on an ancient Roman
domus1
that evolved into a baptistery and a church. The first settlement church is dated to 754 A.D. and has
evolved to the current configuration that now is the topic of relevant archaeological and architectural studies.
The baptistery has had various functions: it probably evolved from a Roman residence in pre-Christian
period and then was changed architecturally to suit the needs of the urban evolution.
The Poster presented at the Conference of Cultural Heritage and New Technologies (CHNT) 18 - 2013,
focusing on the transformation of the baptistery, will focus on the first version, characterized by a central
quadriconco2
plan, debated by different research results of the construction phases.
The research work in debate was developed on the analysis of the walls and the comparison with the similar
baptistery of Biella, Piemonte. The baptistery of Biella is a rare example of an existing baptistery
quadriconco, built in the 10th century on ancient Roman ruins. San Giovanni in Lucca demonstrates a
hypothetical presence of a Roman Nymphaeum3
, which later developed into the current layout. Researchers
disagree whether or not the baptistery really functioned as baptisteries in the Roman period. The use of
various survey methodologies such as digital laser scanning and photogrammetry Structure from Motion
(SFM), offers different methods of comparison by which to develop alternative hypothesis about the
structural evolution of this monument.
The intentions of the survey are to highlight the flexibility of investigation that allows digital techniques,
supported by quick and easy production of digital comparative models. These methods are an example of
"correct documentation" through the intersection of cultural analytical methods of their own architecture and
metric survey.
Conference Presentations
The Tower of St. Giovanni was erected during the XI century by the Republic of Pisa, and still today the shape of the tower reveals itself as an observation point strategically attached to the visual network of the Island. In the 90s the tower has been restored to preserve its symbolic character.
The results of the survey campaign here presented will provide future researchers with updated data about the architectural degenerative evolution; a virtual model allows peculiar observations, comparisons and measurements of dimensional relationships on the territory.
The research will find a conclusion with the comparison between the tangible ruin and the ideal model of St. Giovanni Tower.
Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory.
Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their original geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible.
This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers.
Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices.
The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast.
The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes.
The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for coloring and lighting.
The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, with the experience of the test developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”. The result is characterized by many differences of the shots collected: various photographic equipments, light conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, but also many points of view.
After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping.
The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models.
The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation.
All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable to give a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for quick and well working digital survey.
Keywords: Photogrammetry, Survey, Comparison, Processing, Web Resources
Books
Poster
The current alarming conditions of the building invite to make some reflections on the unpleasant but common fate of many architectures of the Liberty and Eclectic period in Italy. With the evolution of rationalism of the architectural form and thus the gradual purifying of decorative plastic organisms from architectural objects, architectural research, and with it the observation and conservation of cultural heritage, has increasingly focused on new rational style, omitting many examples in floral style equally deserving of attention.
The alarming state of preservation of Tonietti Mausoleum, combined with the total absence of projects by local authorities, set the conditions for the dissolution of the work and the consequent loss of the cultural and territorial connotation that it creates.
The processing of the surveys and the gathering of documentation wants to create the basis for the comparison of work conditions in its original state and the current form, fixing the actual conditions of decay.
There is the hope that this work can create a conservative practical input that restores the integrity of the cultural property designed by the youngest of Coppedè brothers, giving to it its real and necessary value in the study of the history of architecture and the development of the evolutionary dialogue necessarily connected to the same historical evolution.
The study presented shows how the Structure from Motion (SfM) can achieve high level of details, in relation of the shooting equipment used. The Micro-Photogrammetry, used during a survey campaign in Cappadocia - Central Anatolia, has constituted an additional and completing part of the studies, allowing both the completion of the study on the conservation state of the object and improving new ways for the screening of the study object.
In the case study reported, on the rupestrian residential systems (the World Heritage Site of Göreme), has permitted an easy study and learning on the manufacturing of the inner surface of the rooms and has provided, through the production of 3D models, an analysis on the equipments and instruments used for these kind of manufacturing.
The study shows significant results and various possibilities on the multi-disciplinary methodology of study in complex subject, like the rupestrian architecture. Moreover the results of the manufacturing process has been investigated and the performance is expounding showing the level of detail obtained on each sample. The whole of this study shows an innovative framework on the SfM technique and creates new ways of dialogue between the interested researchers on the topic of the study and conservation of cultural heritage; never forgetting the possibility and the opportunity to create and share the state of art with a specific database for the future generation of researchers.
The Baptistery of Biella is an example in Italy of a quadriconco baptistery. It has been built from the IX century, on a late-Roman burial ground. In this baptistery it is possible to identify some typical elements of the Romanesque Architecture. The quadrangular plant has got four lateral semi-circular rooms, divided by angle pillars aimed at supporting the lantern. With its architectural structure and its scale it is an element of strong suggestion. For this, the survey and the documentation of the baptistery - made by speed technologies like digital photogrammetry aimed to the production of high quality 3D models - let us to create digital study models comparable with other architectural witnesses.
Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory.
Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their original geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible.
This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers.
Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices.
The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast.
The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes.
The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for colouring and lighting.
The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, taking as a model an experience developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”.
The result is characterized by the many different shots collected: various photographic equipments, light
conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, and many points of view.
After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping.
The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models.
The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the
complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation.
All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable of giving a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for a simple, quick and functional digital survey.
town walls of Lucca, Tuscany. They are examples of a multi-layered building, built on an ancient Roman
domus1
that evolved into a baptistery and a church. The first settlement church is dated to 754 A.D. and has
evolved to the current configuration that now is the topic of relevant archaeological and architectural studies.
The baptistery has had various functions: it probably evolved from a Roman residence in pre-Christian
period and then was changed architecturally to suit the needs of the urban evolution.
The Poster presented at the Conference of Cultural Heritage and New Technologies (CHNT) 18 - 2013,
focusing on the transformation of the baptistery, will focus on the first version, characterized by a central
quadriconco2
plan, debated by different research results of the construction phases.
The research work in debate was developed on the analysis of the walls and the comparison with the similar
baptistery of Biella, Piemonte. The baptistery of Biella is a rare example of an existing baptistery
quadriconco, built in the 10th century on ancient Roman ruins. San Giovanni in Lucca demonstrates a
hypothetical presence of a Roman Nymphaeum3
, which later developed into the current layout. Researchers
disagree whether or not the baptistery really functioned as baptisteries in the Roman period. The use of
various survey methodologies such as digital laser scanning and photogrammetry Structure from Motion
(SFM), offers different methods of comparison by which to develop alternative hypothesis about the
structural evolution of this monument.
The intentions of the survey are to highlight the flexibility of investigation that allows digital techniques,
supported by quick and easy production of digital comparative models. These methods are an example of
"correct documentation" through the intersection of cultural analytical methods of their own architecture and
metric survey.
The Tower of St. Giovanni was erected during the XI century by the Republic of Pisa, and still today the shape of the tower reveals itself as an observation point strategically attached to the visual network of the Island. In the 90s the tower has been restored to preserve its symbolic character.
The results of the survey campaign here presented will provide future researchers with updated data about the architectural degenerative evolution; a virtual model allows peculiar observations, comparisons and measurements of dimensional relationships on the territory.
The research will find a conclusion with the comparison between the tangible ruin and the ideal model of St. Giovanni Tower.
Despite their poor state of preservation, these towers have always been an eye catcher for their territory.
Today, observing this defensive system, one can note a variable state of decay: their original geometric characteristics and morphological shapes are not clearly legible.
This work consist in a first historical investigation, useful for the temporal location and for the comprehension of the roles of these towers.
Following, the study develops with the investigation of the environmental characteristics, to better understand the tower orientations and their observation devices.
The comparison between the three towers and with other examples from Sicily, numerous not only on the coastal area, will create a volumetric hypothesis; this construction, positioned in the virtual world of Google Earth, will complete the analysis providing valid observation points for the evaluation of their placement on the coast.
The study presented will be completed with an overview of the inner relations of the defensive tower system, regarding their volumes, geometry, materials and functions: this to better understand design strategy of settlement and to create a model comparable with other similar defensive configurations.
The results will be achieved by a comparison between 3D digital models, generated by photogrammetry based on specific set of pictures, but the firsts from a Direct Survey Campaign (DSC) and the second from the Web: the variable of the research is the difference of the data underlying the processes.
The DSC is executed in situ, in a short time, performed by a single operator with a tripod, so the resulting images are uniform for coloring and lighting.
The Web Archive Survey Campaign (WASC) consists in a selection of web images, with the experience of the test developed in October 2011 by the University of Washington, called “Building Rome in a Day”. The result is characterized by many differences of the shots collected: various photographic equipments, light conditions, exposure, web compression alterations, but also many points of view.
After a careful verification of data usability, the two groups of images are processed in dedicated softwares; then the calculation is finalized in a set of 3D-models with texture mapping.
The final surface mesh will be subjected to comparative tests between the other models.
The results obtained will contain the conclusions about the degree of reliability of WASC in front of the complete and exhaustive DSC methods, evaluating perceptual appearance, by image rendering processes, as well as through the reliability of the geometric return on errors observation.
All the case studies will be aimed to Cultural Heritage subjects, analyzed in their specific contests and capable to give a clear reference scenario of these important solutions for quick and well working digital survey.
Keywords: Photogrammetry, Survey, Comparison, Processing, Web Resources
The current alarming conditions of the building invite to make some reflections on the unpleasant but common fate of many architectures of the Liberty and Eclectic period in Italy. With the evolution of rationalism of the architectural form and thus the gradual purifying of decorative plastic organisms from architectural objects, architectural research, and with it the observation and conservation of cultural heritage, has increasingly focused on new rational style, omitting many examples in floral style equally deserving of attention.
The alarming state of preservation of Tonietti Mausoleum, combined with the total absence of projects by local authorities, set the conditions for the dissolution of the work and the consequent loss of the cultural and territorial connotation that it creates.
The processing of the surveys and the gathering of documentation wants to create the basis for the comparison of work conditions in its original state and the current form, fixing the actual conditions of decay.
There is the hope that this work can create a conservative practical input that restores the integrity of the cultural property designed by the youngest of Coppedè brothers, giving to it its real and necessary value in the study of the history of architecture and the development of the evolutionary dialogue necessarily connected to the same historical evolution.
The study presented shows how the Structure from Motion (SfM) can achieve high level of details, in relation of the shooting equipment used. The Micro-Photogrammetry, used during a survey campaign in Cappadocia - Central Anatolia, has constituted an additional and completing part of the studies, allowing both the completion of the study on the conservation state of the object and improving new ways for the screening of the study object.
In the case study reported, on the rupestrian residential systems (the World Heritage Site of Göreme), has permitted an easy study and learning on the manufacturing of the inner surface of the rooms and has provided, through the production of 3D models, an analysis on the equipments and instruments used for these kind of manufacturing.
The study shows significant results and various possibilities on the multi-disciplinary methodology of study in complex subject, like the rupestrian architecture. Moreover the results of the manufacturing process has been investigated and the performance is expounding showing the level of detail obtained on each sample. The whole of this study shows an innovative framework on the SfM technique and creates new ways of dialogue between the interested researchers on the topic of the study and conservation of cultural heritage; never forgetting the possibility and the opportunity to create and share the state of art with a specific database for the future generation of researchers.
is a research from the Dipartimento di Architettura
University of Florence, Italy
It is developed inside the DIDALABS System under the coordination of Giorgio Verdiani
The survey group (2014): Giorgio Verdiani, Stefano Columbu, Andrea Pasquali, Tatiana Pignatale, Andrea Leonardi
The survey group (2017): Giorgio Verdiani, Andrea Pasquali, Ylenia Ricci
Photogrammetry processing and graphic development: Giorgio Verdiani, Andrea Pasquali, Ylenia Ricci
Graphic post processing: Andrea Pasquali and Ylenia Ricci
The authors want to greet Seda Sakar and Serkan Gokalp for their valuable support to the photogrammetry survey at the Istanbul Archeological Museum and Zeynep Ceylanli and Pelin Arslan for their kind indications and translations.
Music: Ombra Mai Fu, Georg Friederich Handel, interpreted by Cécilia Bartoli
The 3D models of this project can be viewed in www.sketchfab.com, direct link:
https://sketchfab.com/g.verdiani_DIDA/collections/medusas-heads-in-istanbul
*************************************************************
Il progetto "Medusa's Heads" è una ricerca del Dipartimento di Architettura Università di Firenze, Italia
È sviluppato all'interno del Sistema DIDALABS sotto il coordinamento del prof. Giorgio Verdiani
Il gruppo di indagine (2014): Giorgio Verdiani, Stefano Columbu, Andrea Pasquali, Tatiana Pignatale, Andrea Leonardi
Il gruppo di indagine (2017): Giorgio Verdiani, Andrea Pasquali, Ylenia Ricci
Elaborazione fotogrammetria e sviluppo grafico: Giorgio Verdiani, Andrea Pasquali, Ylenia Ricci
Post processing grafico: Andrea Pasquali e Ylenia Ricci
Gli autori desiderano ringraziare Seda Sakar e Serkan Gokalp per il loro prezioso supporto al rilievo fotogrammetrico presso il Museo Archeologico di Istanbul e Zeynep Ceylanli e Pelin Arslan per le loro utili indicazioni e traduzioni.
Musica: Ombra Mai Fu, Georg Friederich Handel, interpretato da Cécilia Bartoli
I modelli 3D di questo progetto possono essere visualizzati in www.sketchfab.com, link diretto:
https://sketchfab.com/g.verdiani_DIDA/collections/medusas-heads-in-istanbul