Papers by Irving Gottesman
American journal of human genetics, 1982
All published studies on the familial incidence of schizophrenia appropriate for testing the appl... more All published studies on the familial incidence of schizophrenia appropriate for testing the applicability of the general single-locus two-allele model are examined under the assumption of a unitary etiology for all schizophrenia. We show that the single major locus model is inadequate to predict the incidence in four classes of relatives of schizophrenic probands (parents, siblings, monozygotic, and dizygotic cotwins). In addition, the observed proportion of affected offspring from dual matings differ significantly from the model's prediction. The lack of an overall fit between the published familial distributions and the monogenic model suggests that a single major locus is insufficient for the etiology of schizophrenia. Further efforts in examining multifactorial models, mixed models, and other transmission models may be fruitful.
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An early attempt (1962) to infer differential genetic loading/predispositions for the neurotic "r... more An early attempt (1962) to infer differential genetic loading/predispositions for the neurotic "reactions" in DSM-2, based on configural analyses of profiles of normal twins on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).
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FEBS Letters, 1999
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Intelligence, 2004
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Nature Genetics, 2009
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Assessment, 1997
This study examined the relationship between diagnostic group membership (i.e., life-time depress... more This study examined the relationship between diagnostic group membership (i.e., life-time depressed, n = 367; lifetime mixed psychiatric, n = 367; and nonpsychiatric, n = 367) and scores on the Wiener-Harmon Subtle-Obvious scales (Depression Subtle, D-S, and Depression Obvious, D-O) for the Depression (D) scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Additionally, the impact of current versus past depressive symptomatology on D-S and D-O scores was examined. As expected, D-O scores were significantly related to diagnostic group membership, with higher mean scores found in the depressed groups. However, D-S scores were either unrelated or inversely related to the presence or history of depression. The results are discussed in the context of current empirical literature and clinical practice.
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Development and Psychopathology, 1989
... Address reprint requests to: Lisabeth Fisher DiLal-la, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Box... more ... Address reprint requests to: Lisabeth Fisher DiLal-la, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Box 447, Univer-sity of Colorado, Boulder, CO ... Mednick and colleagues (eg, Hutchings & Mednick, 1975; Med-nick, Gabrielli, & Hutchings, 1984, 1987a) studied Danish male adoptees 15 ...
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Psychological Bulletin, 1991
In her review of the literature on the intergenerational transmission of violent behaviors, Widom... more In her review of the literature on the intergenerational transmission of violent behaviors, Widom (1989a) addressed the social issues but omitted all references to the relevant biological and genetic literature. This addition to her review introduces studies of criminality, delinquency, and violence from a behavioral genetic standpoint. There is clear evidence for a genetic role in criminality and for a physiological basis for violent behavior. The inclusion of such genetic and biological evidence is necessary for a more complete understanding of the transmission of violence from one generation to another.
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Intelligence, 2007
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Assessment, 1999
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Behavior Genetics, 1978
The consistency of twin data with personality questionnaires is examined using all reported twin ... more The consistency of twin data with personality questionnaires is examined using all reported twin samples which have been administered the California Psychological Inventory. The scale correlations for the MZ twins are fairly consistent across different samples while the correlations for DZ twins fail to show as much consistency. Differences, moreover, between MZ and DZ correlations fail to replicate across samples. Sampling error and sampling bias are proposed as the major reasons for the inconsistency, and when these factors are taken into account the resulting heritabilities suggest that the CPI scales loading on the extraversion-introversion factor are the most heritable. The implications of sampling error and sampling bias for estimating genetic parameters from correlational twin data, for uncovering differential heritability of personality traits, and for designing future research are discussed.
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We studied schizophrenia liability in a Danish
population-based sample of 44 twin pairs (13 MZ, 3... more We studied schizophrenia liability in a Danish
population-based sample of 44 twin pairs (13 MZ, 31 DZ,
SS plus OS) in order to replicate previous twin study
findings using contemporary diagnostic criteria, to examine
genetic liability shared between schizophrenia and other
disorders, and to explore whether variance in schizophrenia
liability attributable to environmental factors may have
decreased with successive cohorts exposed to improvements
in public health. ICD-10 diagnoses were determined
by clinical interview. Although the best-fitting, most parsimonious
biometric model of schizophrenia liability
specified variance attributable to additive genetic and nonshared
environmental factors, this model did not differ
significantly from a model that also included non-additive
genetic factors, consistent with recent interview-based twin
studies. Schizophrenia showed strong genetic links to other
psychotic disorders but much less so for the broader category
of psychiatric disorders in general. We also observed
a marginally significant decline in schizophrenia variance
attributable to environmental factors over successive
Western European cohorts, consistent perhaps with
improvements in diagnosis and in prenatal and perinatal
care and with a secular decline in the prevalence of
schizophrenia in that region.
Keywords Schizophrenia Genetics Twins
Endophenotype Affective psychoses ICD-10 Denmark
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Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1977
Argues that the success of prospective methods for studying the development of schizophrenia in t... more Argues that the success of prospective methods for studying the development of schizophrenia in those few offspring of schizophrenics who also become schizophrenic (high-risk method) depends on using valid diagnostic criteria for selecting the parent probands. Data from a high-risk study in which the affected parents were diagnosed by 5 clinicians are used to illustrate how different diagnostic standards affect the comparison of high-risk samples and control samples of children of other psychiatric patients. Publicly reporting careful assessments of affected parents will also facilitate comparisons among different high-risk samples and will allow estimates of the risks for individuals within each high-risk sample. Genetic theory and empirical data suggest that children with severely affected parents and children with many affected relatives will have the highest risks, while samples of children with only 1 mildly affected parent may have risks that approach the population base rates. Genetic theory further suggests that some children of validly diagnosed schizophrenics will have no genetic risk for schizophrenia, and some of those who do have the genetic predisposition will enjoy a lifetime of adequate mental health even without intervention, thus confounding the effort of high-risk research to validate indicators of the high-risk genotype with follow-up status. High-risk researchers are cautioned against premature implementation of intervention strategies based on unvalidated indicators of the risks to individuals. (2½ p ref)
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Psychological Assessment, 1993
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Progress in experimental personality & psychopathology research, 1993
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Psychophysiology
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The American Journal of Human Genetics
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This paper has been withdrawn by the authors, due to a possible bias in the twosome approach foun... more This paper has been withdrawn by the authors, due to a possible bias in the twosome approach found by Dr. George Kirov. It seems that the bias has amplified an existing weak signal. The detection of the bias was made possible by the posting of the original data on the preprint server. It was peer review at its best, and confirms in our view the importance of preprint servers.
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Papers by Irving Gottesman
population-based sample of 44 twin pairs (13 MZ, 31 DZ,
SS plus OS) in order to replicate previous twin study
findings using contemporary diagnostic criteria, to examine
genetic liability shared between schizophrenia and other
disorders, and to explore whether variance in schizophrenia
liability attributable to environmental factors may have
decreased with successive cohorts exposed to improvements
in public health. ICD-10 diagnoses were determined
by clinical interview. Although the best-fitting, most parsimonious
biometric model of schizophrenia liability
specified variance attributable to additive genetic and nonshared
environmental factors, this model did not differ
significantly from a model that also included non-additive
genetic factors, consistent with recent interview-based twin
studies. Schizophrenia showed strong genetic links to other
psychotic disorders but much less so for the broader category
of psychiatric disorders in general. We also observed
a marginally significant decline in schizophrenia variance
attributable to environmental factors over successive
Western European cohorts, consistent perhaps with
improvements in diagnosis and in prenatal and perinatal
care and with a secular decline in the prevalence of
schizophrenia in that region.
Keywords Schizophrenia Genetics Twins
Endophenotype Affective psychoses ICD-10 Denmark
population-based sample of 44 twin pairs (13 MZ, 31 DZ,
SS plus OS) in order to replicate previous twin study
findings using contemporary diagnostic criteria, to examine
genetic liability shared between schizophrenia and other
disorders, and to explore whether variance in schizophrenia
liability attributable to environmental factors may have
decreased with successive cohorts exposed to improvements
in public health. ICD-10 diagnoses were determined
by clinical interview. Although the best-fitting, most parsimonious
biometric model of schizophrenia liability
specified variance attributable to additive genetic and nonshared
environmental factors, this model did not differ
significantly from a model that also included non-additive
genetic factors, consistent with recent interview-based twin
studies. Schizophrenia showed strong genetic links to other
psychotic disorders but much less so for the broader category
of psychiatric disorders in general. We also observed
a marginally significant decline in schizophrenia variance
attributable to environmental factors over successive
Western European cohorts, consistent perhaps with
improvements in diagnosis and in prenatal and perinatal
care and with a secular decline in the prevalence of
schizophrenia in that region.
Keywords Schizophrenia Genetics Twins
Endophenotype Affective psychoses ICD-10 Denmark