Pharmacy

Kalanchoe brasiliensisCambess. is a native Brazilian plant popularly known as “saião”, and the juice of its fresh leaves is traditionally used to treat several disorders, including inflammatory and infectious processes such as dysentery. The goals of this study were to characterize the phytochemical composition and investigate the antioxidant activity, the antibiotic effect, and the mode of action againstSalmonellaof the hydroethanolic extracts fromK. brasiliensisleaves collected in the summer and spring Brazilian seasons. These extracts had their chemical composition established by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were spectrophotometrically determined. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum reducing power andβ-carotene bleaching assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Antibiotic potential was assessed by minimal inhibitory concentration against 8 bacterial AT...

Morbidity and mortality of the infected patients by multidrug-resistant bacteria have increased, emphasizing the urgency of fight for the discovery of new innovative antibiotics. In this sense, natural products emerge as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. Among the biodiversity, Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. (Apiaceae Lindl.) is traditionally used to treat thrush and ulcers of throat and mouth, as diuretic and emmenagogue, but scarcely known as an antimicrobial agent. With this context in mind, the goals of this study were to investigate the metabolic profile and the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract (EE-Ep) and hexane (HF-Ep), dichloromethane (DF-Ep), ethyl acetate (EAF-Ep) and butanol (BF-Ep) fractions from E. pristis leaves. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to stablish the metabolic profile and revealed the presence of 12 and 14 compounds in EAF-Ep and HF-Ep, respectively. β-selinene, spathulenol, globulol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, α-...

O ambiente marinho vem recebendo atenção de estudiosos da área de resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos ao longo das últimas décadas, principalmente devido à presença, nesse ambiente, de grande diversidade de espécies bacterianas carreando elementos genéticos envolvidos com a resistência e de genes livres que codificam mecanismos de resistência. Por outro lado, estudos apontam o mar como uma fonte promissora de novos compostos com efeito antibiótico, muitos deles ativos contra bactérias patogênicas. Estes estudos têm colaborado no entendimento da origem e da dinâmica da resistência antimicrobiana nas comunidades bacterianas em seu habitat natural. Assim, o presente trabalho consiste em uma revisão atual e relevante da literatura no que diz respeito à importância do ambiente marinho e à sua relação com a resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos, e aborda aspectos gerais desse fenômeno, as principais espécies bacterianas marinhas carreando genes de resistência e o impacto dessa...

Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. is an Asian native plant species that is also widely distributed in the Americas. Despite its traditional uses, P. hydropiperoides is scarcely scientifically exploited. This study aimed to chemically characterize and investigate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hexane (HE-Ph), ethyl acetate (EAE-Ph), and ethanolic (EE-Ph) extracts from aerial parts of P. hydropiperoides. The chemical characterization was performed through HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the phosphomolybdenum reducing power, nitric oxide inhibition, and the β-carotene bleaching assays. The antibacterial activity was determined by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration followed by the classification of the antibacterial effect. Chemical characterization revealed the expressive presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in EAE-Ph. An increased antioxidant capacity was revealed in EAE-Ph. Regarding an...

Spent coffee grounds and green coffee defective beans, which are industrial sub-products of coffee processing , have a potential use for cosmetic applications, due to their safety and high content in lipids that present interesting physicochemical properties. Sunscreen formulations in the form of water-in-oil emulsions might be a suitable application for these sub-products because providing a higher sun protection factor (SPF) for the same concentration of sunscreen activities than oil-in-water emulsions. The purpose of this work was to assess the biological effects of using the oil fraction of spent coffee grounds extracted with supercritical CO 2 and green coffee oil in the development of new generation of sunscreens with improved sun protection performance. The oil fractions were used to prepare w/o sun-screens involving a cold emulsification process, with purified water as disperse aqueous phase and TiO 2 and ZnO particles as stabilizers. The sunscreens were characterized in terms of mechanical, rheological and skin adhesion properties. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the formulations were evaluated, including safety and sunscreen water resistance tests. The use of two types of solid particles proved to be useful in the developed formulations, ensuring a high SPF with UVB/A protection, conferred by TiO 2 and ZnO, respectively. Moreover, the emulsion containing 35% w/w of the spent coffee grounds oil fraction presented promising characteristics in the improvement of water performance with a broad spectrum sun protection when compared to an emulsion containing 35% w/w of green coffee oil which improved the SPF in physical sunscreens. The formulations are industrial-scalable and suitable for topical use according to the rheological, mechanical and safety assessment. The use of spent coffee oil in cosmetic industry seems to be a suitable approach for the valorisation of waste from the coffee industry and presents promising characteristics in the improvement of sunscreen performance.

This study aimed to compare the quality of solid oral preparations containing carbamazepine in the dosage of 200 mg, using the Study of Comparative Dissolution Profile. The study included two lots of each manufacturer for the reference drug (R1 and R2), generic (G1 and G2) and similar (S1 and S2) and two lots of compounded capsules (M1 and M2). The physicochemical properties were evaluated for the mean weight, drug content, dissolution test, dissolution profile and dissolution efficiency. After that, values of similarity factor (f2) were calculated and considered for the comparative dissolution profile of the tablet dosage form. Results showed that the tested lots were in accordance with specifications established by Brazilian Pharmacopoeia 5th edition. All tested lots, except G2, showed higher dissolution efficiency than the lots of the reference product. Results showed that the lot G2 was not pharmaceutically equivalent to the reference drug.

Simvastatin is an oral anti-hyperlipidemic that has been widely used to reduce the cardiovascular disease risk. There isn't any pharmacopoeic method to assay this drug in capsules. It was proposed and validated a method for determining the content of simvastatin in capsules by UV/visible spectrophotometry (l = 237 nm), a more affordable method for the compounding pharmacy. The method was validated for linearity, specificity, range, accuracy, precision, performance, robustness, and limits of detection and quantification.