Papers by Valeria Tavares
Zootaxa, 2020
We present a revision of the Neotropical bat genus Chiroderma, commonly known as big-eyed bats. A... more We present a revision of the Neotropical bat genus Chiroderma, commonly known as big-eyed bats. Although species of
Chiroderma have a wide distribution from western México to southern Brazil, species limits within Chiroderma are not
clearly defined, as attested by identification errors in the literature, and there is no comprehensive revision of the genus
that includes morphological and molecular data. Our review is based on phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial (COI
and CYTB) and two nuclear (RAG2 and DBY) genes, coalescence analyses of mitochondrial genes, and morphological
analyses including type specimens of all named taxa. We recognize seven species in three clades: the first clade includes
(1) C. scopaeum Handley, 1966, endemic to western México and previously considered a subspecies of C. salvini; and (2)
C. salvini Dobson, 1878, a taxon associated with montane forests, distributed from México to Bolivia; the second clade
includes (3) C. improvisum Baker and Genoways, 1976, endemic to the Lesser Antilles, and (4) C. villosum Peters, 1860,
widely distributed on the continental mainland and polytypic, with subspecies C. v. villosum and C. v. jesupi; and the third
clade includes (5) the polytypic C. doriae Thomas, 1891, with C. d. doriae distributed in eastern Brazil and Paraguay, and
C. d. vizottoi, occurring in northeastern Brazil; (6) C. trinitatum Goodwin, 1958, distributed from Trinidad to Amazonia;
and (7) C. gorgasi Handley, 1960, distributed from Honduras to trans-Andean South America, previously considered a
subspecies of C. trinitatum.
1. Roosting ecology has probably shaped several aspects of bat evolution. Although Phyllostomidae... more 1. Roosting ecology has probably shaped several aspects of bat evolution. Although Phyllostomidae species are known to use more types of roosts than any other chiropteran lineage, foliage roosting is almost entirely restricted to the frugivo-rous members of the subfamily Stenodermatinae. There are relatively few studies on the roosting ecology of stenodermatines other than leaf tent users, and there have been few attempts to reconstruct the evolution of the peculiar foliage-roosting habits of these fruit bats. 2. Our aim was to reconstruct the evolution of foliage roosting in the Phyllostomidae phylogeny, and to test correlation hypotheses between roost types, pelage markings, and body size. 3. We performed ancestral character reconstructions using stochastic mappings on a molecular phylogeny of Phyllostomidae and reviewed literature records on roosts used by Stenodermatinae. Correlations between roosting habits and pelage patterns were calculated using phylogenetic logistic regressions. 4. Over 1200 records of roost use for 48 Stenodermatinae bat species were found in the literature. Most of the observations consisted of foliage roosting records; the second most common type of roost were caves and crevices, which was followed by holes in standing trees. 5. Our results support a single origin of foliage roosting in Phyllostomidae, which we interpreted as a synapomorphy uniting Rhinophyllinae with the Stenodermatinae. We estimated a minimum of two origins of tent roosting within Phyllostomidae, and our reconstruction suggests that it was basal in the Rhinophyllinae + Stenodermatinae clade. 6. Pelage markings of stenodermatines explained the type of roost, indicating that having white stripes or white spots contrasting with background pelage is related to foliage roosting. Species that use leaf tents are smaller than ones that do not, but group size does not appear to be correlated with tent use. 7. Further studies of foliage-roosting bat species that do not use leaf tents may shed light on the mode of evolution of this complex behavioural character.
We report the first Quaternary record of the big-eyed bat Chiroderma villosum from South America ... more We report the first Quaternary record of the big-eyed bat Chiroderma villosum from South America based on a left mandible fragment collected in the Gruta dos Brejões, late Quaternary of northeastern Brazil. This material has been identified over the course of our revision-ary work of the genus Chiroderma, including all species distributed in South America (Chiroderma doriae, Chiro-derma salvini, Chiroderma trinitatum, Chiroderma villosum and Chiroderma vizottoi). Our results revealed that several characters of the second lower molar (m2), and of the posterior mandible may be used to identify and to diagnose the South American Chiroderma. We also revisited the historical interpretation of homologies of the lower molar cusps of Chiroderma, and propose a revised molar cusp terminology.
BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting... more BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research.
Tropical forests are three-dimensional spaces with species and resources heterogeneously distribu... more Tropical forests are three-dimensional spaces with species and resources heterogeneously distributed. The vertical stratification of tropical forest biotas has been observed for several organisms and regions, but, surprisingly, the vertical structuring of large areas of important tropical forests, such as Brazil's Atlantic Forest, remains poorly studied. Here, we addressed the use of different Atlantic Forest strata by bats, comparing ensemble composition and relative abundance between the understorey and the canopy. A total of 618 bats belonging to 31 species and four families were recorded, including 11 species of frugivores and seven species of gleaning insectivores, the two trophic guilds predominantly represented in our sampling. Fifteen species were captured exclusively in the canopy, and six exclusively in the understorey, and many of those species were represented by a low number of captures (< 5). The bat species composition, richness and relative abundance between canopy and understorey strata varied. Chiroderma villosum was exclusively captured in the canopy, Artibeus lituratus was netted predominantly in the canopy and Carollia perspicillata and Desmodus rotundus were mostly captured in the understorey. Although processes such as resource partitioning between species and ecomorphological constraints may explain the differential use of forest strata, this remains little understood because of the scarcity of data for the Atlantic forest canopies.
Tropical forests are three-dimensional spaces with species and resources heterogeneously distribu... more Tropical forests are three-dimensional spaces with species and resources heterogeneously distributed. The vertical stratification of tropical forest biotas has been observed for several organisms and regions, but, surprisingly, the vertical structuring of large areas of important tropical forests, such as Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, remains poorly studied. Here, we addressed the use of different Atlantic Forest strata by bats, comparing ensemble composition and relative abundance between the understorey and the canopy. A total of 618 bats belonging to 31 species and four families were recorded, including 11 species of frugivores and seven species of gleaning insectivores, the two trophic guilds predominantly represented in our sampling. Fifteen species were captured exclusively in the canopy, and six exclusively in the understorey, and many of those species were represented by a low number of captures (<5). The bat species composition, richness and relative abundance between canopy and understorey strata varied. Chiroderma villosum was exclusively captured in the canopy, Artibeus lituratus was netted predominantly in the canopy and Carollia perspicillata and Desmodus rotundus were mostly captured in the understorey. Although processes such as resource partitioning between species and ecomorphological constraints may explain the differential use of forest strata, this remains little understood because of the scarcity of data for the Atlantic forest canopies.
BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting... more BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research.
Note The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(... more Note The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in b... more The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
Under the assumption that wing shape predicts bat species flight performance, I analyzed wing sha... more Under the assumption that wing shape predicts bat species flight performance, I analyzed wing shape data of phylostomid bats from Rio Doce State Park (PERD), located in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Correlations between size-related variables in phyllostomid species were positive as expected, with the exception of those between mass and aspect ratio. Wing loadings varied from low to very high, and increased with body mass less than expected. Aspect ratios were homogeneously low, and wingtips were more variable in length than in area. Most phyllostomids had tip shape indexes close to or larger than 1, with the exceptions of Chiroderma and Tonatia. The foraging guilds matrix incorporating three fruit bats ensembles amplified the number of potential, suitable niche categories for bats from PERD: (1) understorey frugivores that consume Piperaceae and have broad wing surfaces, developed interfemoral membranes, low wing loadings (WL) aspect ratios (AR), and high tip shape indexes (TSI); ...
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Papers by Valeria Tavares
Chiroderma have a wide distribution from western México to southern Brazil, species limits within Chiroderma are not
clearly defined, as attested by identification errors in the literature, and there is no comprehensive revision of the genus
that includes morphological and molecular data. Our review is based on phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial (COI
and CYTB) and two nuclear (RAG2 and DBY) genes, coalescence analyses of mitochondrial genes, and morphological
analyses including type specimens of all named taxa. We recognize seven species in three clades: the first clade includes
(1) C. scopaeum Handley, 1966, endemic to western México and previously considered a subspecies of C. salvini; and (2)
C. salvini Dobson, 1878, a taxon associated with montane forests, distributed from México to Bolivia; the second clade
includes (3) C. improvisum Baker and Genoways, 1976, endemic to the Lesser Antilles, and (4) C. villosum Peters, 1860,
widely distributed on the continental mainland and polytypic, with subspecies C. v. villosum and C. v. jesupi; and the third
clade includes (5) the polytypic C. doriae Thomas, 1891, with C. d. doriae distributed in eastern Brazil and Paraguay, and
C. d. vizottoi, occurring in northeastern Brazil; (6) C. trinitatum Goodwin, 1958, distributed from Trinidad to Amazonia;
and (7) C. gorgasi Handley, 1960, distributed from Honduras to trans-Andean South America, previously considered a
subspecies of C. trinitatum.
Chiroderma have a wide distribution from western México to southern Brazil, species limits within Chiroderma are not
clearly defined, as attested by identification errors in the literature, and there is no comprehensive revision of the genus
that includes morphological and molecular data. Our review is based on phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial (COI
and CYTB) and two nuclear (RAG2 and DBY) genes, coalescence analyses of mitochondrial genes, and morphological
analyses including type specimens of all named taxa. We recognize seven species in three clades: the first clade includes
(1) C. scopaeum Handley, 1966, endemic to western México and previously considered a subspecies of C. salvini; and (2)
C. salvini Dobson, 1878, a taxon associated with montane forests, distributed from México to Bolivia; the second clade
includes (3) C. improvisum Baker and Genoways, 1976, endemic to the Lesser Antilles, and (4) C. villosum Peters, 1860,
widely distributed on the continental mainland and polytypic, with subspecies C. v. villosum and C. v. jesupi; and the third
clade includes (5) the polytypic C. doriae Thomas, 1891, with C. d. doriae distributed in eastern Brazil and Paraguay, and
C. d. vizottoi, occurring in northeastern Brazil; (6) C. trinitatum Goodwin, 1958, distributed from Trinidad to Amazonia;
and (7) C. gorgasi Handley, 1960, distributed from Honduras to trans-Andean South America, previously considered a
subspecies of C. trinitatum.