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Kelsey Norman

University of Denver, Sie Cheou-Kang Center for International Security and Diplomacy, Post-Doc

University of California, Irvine, Political Science, PhD Candidate

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Dr. Norman earned her PhD from the Department of Political Science at the University of California, Irvine in 2017. Her research examines Middle East and North African states as countries of migrant and refugee settlement and her she is currently completing a book manuscript titled, "Reluctant Reception: Understanding Host State Migration and Refugee Policies in the Middle East and North Africa." During the 2017-2018 academic year she is a postdoctoral fellow at the Sié Chéou-Kang Center for International Security and Diplomacy at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver.
Supervisors: Dr. Louis DeSipio, Dr. Sara Goodman Wallace, and Dr. Kamal Sadiq

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Papers by Kelsey Norman

The ‘inherent vulnerability’ of women on the move: A gendered analysis of Morocco’s migration reform

Journal of refugee studies, May 28, 2024

Borderlands: Europe and the Mediterranean Middle East <i>by Raffaella A. Del Sarto</i>

Political Science Quarterly, Jan 11, 2024

Strategic non-regulation as migration governance

Migration Politics

Over the last decade, critical migration scholarship has been increasingly concerned with how sta... more Over the last decade, critical migration scholarship has been increasingly concerned with how state actors in both the Global South and Global North deploy forms of inaction and ambivalent action to govern migrants. Scholars have mobilized and developed concepts to capture such strategic non-regulation, ranging from notions of standoffishness, ignorance, indifference, ambiguity, adhocracy, and informality in political science, IR and sociology, to necropolitics, ignorance, opacity, obfuscation, non-recording and liminality in anthropology, socio-legal studies and political geography. Scholars thus seem to agree that the strategic use of non-regulation by state actors is a significant aspect of migration governance. Yet, conceptual and methodological advances remain fragmented and scattered across geographical regions and disciplines. This paper argues that much can be gained by putting the different conceptual and methodological innovations on strategic non-regulation into dialogue....

Migration Policy Reform in Morocco: Implications for Migrants, the Country, and the Region

Cities and the Contentious Politics of Migration

Globalizations, Jun 13, 2022

Differential Treatment by Nationality?

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Nov 12, 2020

The End of the Largest Resettlement Program in the World

Issue Brief, 2019

Fellow Kelsey Norman examines the U.S. refugee resettlement system, which the Trump administratio... more

Migrants, refugees and the Egyptian security state

International journal of migration and border studies, 2016

Inclusion, exclusion or indifference? Redefining migrant and refugee host state engagement options in Mediterranean ‘transit’ countries

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jun 8, 2018

Reluctant Reception: Understanding Migration and Refugee Policy in Egypt, Morocco and Turkey

Urbanization, informal governance and refugee integration in Egypt

Globalizations, Apr 1, 2021

Ambivalence as Policy: Consequences for Refugees in Egypt

Egypte/Monde Arabe, Jun 5, 2017

Changing Motivations or Capabilities? Migration Deterrence in the Global Context

International Studies Review, Sep 23, 2019

Over the last thirty-five years, Western liberal democracies have exerted more control over their... more Over the last thirty-five years, Western liberal democracies have exerted more control over their borders through an array of innovative migration-control practices. Scholars have taken stock of these efforts and referred to them collectively as “deterrence” measures, ignoring the fact that deterrence is an established concept with a focused definition and meaning. We argue that in the context of migration governance, the concept of deterrence has been stretched beyond meaningful parameters. In order to restore conceptual clarity and develop a more useful framework, we build on the fourth wave of deterrence literature and apply its insights to these new migration-control practices. We construct a theoretically informed typology that differentiates between deterrence and defense policies. Deterrence aims to change the motivations of migrants, whereas defense policies change migrants’ capabilities. We also differentiate between the timing and location of the interventions. We elaborate on each category of policy with examples drawn from various geographic regions and propose a framework for expanding this analysis through a systematic exploration of global practices. We conclude with a discussion of the implications stemming from these insights with respect to normative and practical debates in this research area.

Introduction: Taking stock of Middle East migration since the Arab uprisings

Digest of Middle East Studies, Nov 1, 2021

The Jungle: Calais's camps and migrants

International Affairs, Mar 1, 2020

Crossroads: Comparative Immigration Regimes in a World of Demographic Change by Anna K. Boucher and Justin Gest, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, xiv + 246 pp

Developing Economies, Jan 18, 2020

<i>Chez Jolie Coiffure</i>, Rosine Mbakam (dir.) (2018)

Crossings, Oct 1, 2019

The European Union's migration management aid: Developing democracies or supporting authoritarianism?

International Migration, Oct 17, 2022

The European Union and its member states have invested billions of euros in migration management ... more The European Union and its member states have invested billions of euros in migration management programs that purport to promote “good migration governance” around the world. But what is the impact of migration management aid on governance outside of the EU? In this article, we theorise the impact of migration management aid on governance in recipient countries by analysing the key policy areas of intervention. To do so, we focus on the effects of the European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa and draw on data collected from policy and government documents, in addition to secondary literature, to understand how migration management aid negatively impacts institutions of governance in recipient countries. While migration management aid may build the capacity of states to monitor borders and prevent irregular migration, we argue that this fails to account for negative externalities including human rights abuses and increased surveillance for migrants and citizens alike.

Migrant and refugee mobilisation in North African host states: Egypt and Morocco in comparison

The Journal of North African Studies, Jan 4, 2020

Transforming refugees into migrants: institutional change and the politics of international protection

European Journal of International Relations, Nov 6, 2019

The ‘inherent vulnerability’ of women on the move: A gendered analysis of Morocco’s migration reform

Journal of refugee studies, May 28, 2024

Borderlands: Europe and the Mediterranean Middle East <i>by Raffaella A. Del Sarto</i>

Political Science Quarterly, Jan 11, 2024

Strategic non-regulation as migration governance

Migration Politics

Over the last decade, critical migration scholarship has been increasingly concerned with how sta... more Over the last decade, critical migration scholarship has been increasingly concerned with how state actors in both the Global South and Global North deploy forms of inaction and ambivalent action to govern migrants. Scholars have mobilized and developed concepts to capture such strategic non-regulation, ranging from notions of standoffishness, ignorance, indifference, ambiguity, adhocracy, and informality in political science, IR and sociology, to necropolitics, ignorance, opacity, obfuscation, non-recording and liminality in anthropology, socio-legal studies and political geography. Scholars thus seem to agree that the strategic use of non-regulation by state actors is a significant aspect of migration governance. Yet, conceptual and methodological advances remain fragmented and scattered across geographical regions and disciplines. This paper argues that much can be gained by putting the different conceptual and methodological innovations on strategic non-regulation into dialogue....

Migration Policy Reform in Morocco: Implications for Migrants, the Country, and the Region

Cities and the Contentious Politics of Migration

Globalizations, Jun 13, 2022

Differential Treatment by Nationality?

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Nov 12, 2020

The End of the Largest Resettlement Program in the World

Issue Brief, 2019

Fellow Kelsey Norman examines the U.S. refugee resettlement system, which the Trump administratio... more

Migrants, refugees and the Egyptian security state

International journal of migration and border studies, 2016

Inclusion, exclusion or indifference? Redefining migrant and refugee host state engagement options in Mediterranean ‘transit’ countries

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jun 8, 2018

Reluctant Reception: Understanding Migration and Refugee Policy in Egypt, Morocco and Turkey

Urbanization, informal governance and refugee integration in Egypt

Globalizations, Apr 1, 2021

Ambivalence as Policy: Consequences for Refugees in Egypt

Egypte/Monde Arabe, Jun 5, 2017

Changing Motivations or Capabilities? Migration Deterrence in the Global Context

International Studies Review, Sep 23, 2019

Over the last thirty-five years, Western liberal democracies have exerted more control over their... more Over the last thirty-five years, Western liberal democracies have exerted more control over their borders through an array of innovative migration-control practices. Scholars have taken stock of these efforts and referred to them collectively as “deterrence” measures, ignoring the fact that deterrence is an established concept with a focused definition and meaning. We argue that in the context of migration governance, the concept of deterrence has been stretched beyond meaningful parameters. In order to restore conceptual clarity and develop a more useful framework, we build on the fourth wave of deterrence literature and apply its insights to these new migration-control practices. We construct a theoretically informed typology that differentiates between deterrence and defense policies. Deterrence aims to change the motivations of migrants, whereas defense policies change migrants’ capabilities. We also differentiate between the timing and location of the interventions. We elaborate on each category of policy with examples drawn from various geographic regions and propose a framework for expanding this analysis through a systematic exploration of global practices. We conclude with a discussion of the implications stemming from these insights with respect to normative and practical debates in this research area.

Introduction: Taking stock of Middle East migration since the Arab uprisings

Digest of Middle East Studies, Nov 1, 2021

The Jungle: Calais's camps and migrants

International Affairs, Mar 1, 2020

Crossroads: Comparative Immigration Regimes in a World of Demographic Change by Anna K. Boucher and Justin Gest, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, xiv + 246 pp

Developing Economies, Jan 18, 2020

<i>Chez Jolie Coiffure</i>, Rosine Mbakam (dir.) (2018)

Crossings, Oct 1, 2019

The European Union's migration management aid: Developing democracies or supporting authoritarianism?

International Migration, Oct 17, 2022

The European Union and its member states have invested billions of euros in migration management ... more The European Union and its member states have invested billions of euros in migration management programs that purport to promote “good migration governance” around the world. But what is the impact of migration management aid on governance outside of the EU? In this article, we theorise the impact of migration management aid on governance in recipient countries by analysing the key policy areas of intervention. To do so, we focus on the effects of the European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa and draw on data collected from policy and government documents, in addition to secondary literature, to understand how migration management aid negatively impacts institutions of governance in recipient countries. While migration management aid may build the capacity of states to monitor borders and prevent irregular migration, we argue that this fails to account for negative externalities including human rights abuses and increased surveillance for migrants and citizens alike.

Migrant and refugee mobilisation in North African host states: Egypt and Morocco in comparison

The Journal of North African Studies, Jan 4, 2020

Transforming refugees into migrants: institutional change and the politics of international protection

European Journal of International Relations, Nov 6, 2019

Migrants in Post-Revolution Egypt

Book Review of 'The Scramble for Citizens'

The Scramble for Citizens: Dual Nationality and State Competition for Immigrants. By David Cook-M... more The Scramble for Citizens: Dual Nationality and State Competition for Immigrants. By David Cook-Martin. Stanford University Press, 2013. 216 pp Carrying dual citizenship is a widely accepted practice. But despite common perceptions, it is not merely a function of an increasingly globalized world, or of facilitating systems and technologies. InThe Scramble for Citizens, David Cook-Martin explores how the concept of dual citizenship has evolved in legal and policy decisions made by state builders over the past two centuries. Cook-Martin offers a case study of a migratory system linking Italy, Spain, and Argentina. He shows how in the late nineteenth century, Italy and Spain adapted their citizenship and immigration policies in response to Argentine state-making strategies. During the period between the first and second world wars, a consensus emerged in international law that people should be affiliated with only one state, and that states themselves should avoid tolerating dual nationality, as well as statelessness. But fearing potential demographic crises from then-shrinking populations, Spain and Italy sought to retain some control and influence over citizens immigrating to Argentina by adopting policies that permitted dual citizenship. After the Second World War and into the 1990s, the situation became reversed: with the rise of the Italian and Spanish economies and the decline of Argentina's, Argentines increasingly sought opportunities by immigrating to Italy and Spain. And these host counties had inadvertently facilitated access to citizenship for would-be Argentine immigrants due to their own earlier policies permitting dual citizenship. Cook-Martin is ultimately concerned with a question at the center of an enduring debate among citizenship scholars: In our modern age, has citizenship become more, or less, valuable? The 'nationalists' argue that since naturalized citizens make up merely 3 percent of the global population, the nationality one is born with matters a great deal. 'Post-nationalists' counter that the value of citizenship has declined considering the spread of dual citizenship and the granting of permanent residence status that effectively provides people with citizenship rights in practice if not in name. Cook-Martin asserts that part of the problem with this debate is that citizenship is rarely studied from the vantage point of the key actors—the migrants themselves. In an ethnographic approach to understand the status and opportunities gained by holding a second nationality, he traces the complex process of obtaining dual citizenship through the voices of individual migrants as they interact with various state and private actors, as well as interactions with what Cook-Martin deems the " paper industry " —the network of people who profit from obtaining the documents required by official procedures. Following an initial fact-finding foray through centuries-old government and private archives, migrants can wait years to find out whether their claims for dual citizenship have been accepted. The ability and willingness of would-be migrants to navigate this complex system in creative and entrepreneurial ways speaks to their ambition and perseverance. Hence, Cook-Martin concludes, the sagas of Argentines seeking dual nationality underscore the value of citizenship. Cook-Martin's " international political field framework " approach reveals weaknesses in both the nationalist and post-nationalist theories. Nationalists focus on the exclusive relationship between the state and citizen, but Cook-Martin demonstrates that citizenship in a nation-state need not be dependent on geography. To the post-nationalists who proclaim the demise of the nation-state, he counters that the nation-state's bestowal of citizenship is as crucial as ever for would-be migrants. For Cook-Martin, citizenship is thus less valuable in some contexts, more valuable in others.

Different Policies, the Same Game: Syrian and Palestinian Refugees in Egypt

Turkey's New Migration Policy: Control Through Bureaucratization

Migration Policy Reform in Morocco: Implications for Migrants, the Country, and the Region

Refugees in Turkey: Implications of Increasing Politicization