María Ángeles Martín Romera
María Ángeles Martín Romera is a medieval historian working as a lecturer at the Complutense University of Madrid and she is currently at the Frühe Neuzeit department of the LMU with an Alexander von Humboldt for experienced researchers fellowship.
In 2021 she returned to the Complutense (where she completed her PhD in 2012) through the excellence program "Ramón y Cajal". Before then, she was a postdoctoral researcher at Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich (2013-2018) and later a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at University College London (2018-2020).
Her research interests lie in the anthropological approach to the different ties that bind society together and the daily practice of power in the interactions between authorities and local communities. She has published on late medieval oligarchies, patronage, kinship, women’s agency, social networks and Iberian judicial and royal institutions with a long-durée perspective from the late medieval to the early modern period.
Her recent Marie Skłodowska-Curie project focused on the empowerment of local late-medieval communities through their interaction with officers with a transnational perspective that includes Iberia, Southern France and Northern Italy.
She is also at the final stage of drafting a second book about the control of the population over royal governors in the Spanish Monarchy and preparing a collective volume entitled The Officer and the People: Accountability and Authority in Premodern Europe, co-edited with Hannes Ziegler.
In 2021 she returned to the Complutense (where she completed her PhD in 2012) through the excellence program "Ramón y Cajal". Before then, she was a postdoctoral researcher at Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich (2013-2018) and later a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow at University College London (2018-2020).
Her research interests lie in the anthropological approach to the different ties that bind society together and the daily practice of power in the interactions between authorities and local communities. She has published on late medieval oligarchies, patronage, kinship, women’s agency, social networks and Iberian judicial and royal institutions with a long-durée perspective from the late medieval to the early modern period.
Her recent Marie Skłodowska-Curie project focused on the empowerment of local late-medieval communities through their interaction with officers with a transnational perspective that includes Iberia, Southern France and Northern Italy.
She is also at the final stage of drafting a second book about the control of the population over royal governors in the Spanish Monarchy and preparing a collective volume entitled The Officer and the People: Accountability and Authority in Premodern Europe, co-edited with Hannes Ziegler.
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The essays in the volume address different mechanisms of accountability in various geographical and chronological contexts. Yet none offers a traditional study of office-holders using institutional and prosopographical approaches. Instead, they all focus on the people in their various communities and their interactions with representatives of central authority taking a bottom-up perspective and highlighting these communities as key actors who exerted tangible and visible control over the officers’ behaviour, their self-image, and their individual scope for action. This article serves as an introductory essay to the historiographical context in which the volume operates, before developing its methodological and thematic approach. A last section will introduce the individual contributions connecting them to the themes and the main questions of the volume.
instrumental in the opposition exerted by medieval cities to the centralizing efforts of monarchs, is at the same time considered one of the pillars of the state-building paradigm in Castile. The main objective is to analyse the role played by cities in the success of a procedure which
was initially a response to a rationale opposing centralization. Local
sources, such as city council records, are used to reconstruct the practice of residencias in order to understand the extent to which the Catholic Monarchs’ policies were real innovations, were based on prior
customs or were the result of negotiation with the cities, and/or were
aspirations that never materialised. As a result, the study questions
assumptions made about royal control while drawing attention to the
role of urban actors (both city councils and urban population) who,
while having their own interests and conception of residencias, were
crucial to their advancement and success.
Resumen: El artículo aborda los juicios de residencia, uno de los hitos de la narrativa de construcción del Estado Moderno en Castilla, con el objetivo de comprender el papel desarrollado por las ciudades en el éxito de un procedimiento que originalmente respondía a una lógica opuesta a la de centralización. El énfasis en la práctica de las residencias y en la documentación local, como las actas concejiles, en lugar de en la legislación, permite aquilatar cuánto de lo propuesto por los Reyes Católicos fue innovación, cuánto tomado de la práctica precedente, cuánto negociado con las ciudades, y cuánto tan solo intenciones que no se correspondieron con la realidad del procedimiento. De esta forma se relativiza el dirigismo regio y se pone en valor a los actores urbanos, concejos y vecinos que, teniendo sus propios intereses y una concepción diferente de las residencias, fueron claves en su desarrollo y consolidación.
accountability of officials from the private to the public sphere
in the late medieval period, when these procedures proliferated
across Europe. It focuses on Castile in a European perspective
as an example of two revealing developments: first, the role of
urban representatives in legislation that ensured royal officials
would account at the end of their term of office in the localities
– despite the reticence of the Crown. Second, it points to
flexibility in the use of this procedure, known as residencia and
based on sindacato, employed at the discretion of communities
and not exclusively at that of the elites. The article advocates
reflection on the importance of the population at large
generally in enforcing procedures that placed accountability in
the hands of the public, and the adoption of a ‘bottom up’
approach to this topic.
El presente artículo aborda el estudio de los continos reales incidiendo tanto en su carácter de oficio regio, como elemento clave para entender el desarrollo de la figura del oficial en la época premoderna, como en el valor que el cargo tuvo en las estrategias familiares y personales de aquellos que lo ejercieron. Para ello se combina la visión conjunta del reino que proporcionan los archivos reales con un estudio concreto de la oligarquía de Valladolid. Este último estudio se apoya a su vez en un doble enfoque: por un lado la prosopografía de las élites vallisoletanas y, por otro, el análisis de sus redes sociales. El resultado es una aproximación a la integración real de estos servidores regios en la sociedad local que permite comprender el papel que este cargo pudo tener en sus trayectorias personales, así como el interés de los monarcas por nombrar como continos a determinados individuos. Como oficio, su flexibilidad e indefinición permitía variar los servicios y condiciones en función de las necesidades tanto de la monarquía como de los sujetos implicados.
Abstract
This article analyses the royal continos by addressing both the nature of the office as a key element in the development of officialdom in the pre-Modern era, and the way in which holding the position of contino affected personal and family strategies. This study includes a global perspective on continos in the kingdom by exploring royal documentation, as well as a case study of the oligarchy of Valladolid. This specific case is based on a double approach: on the one hand, the prosopography of urban elites, and on the other hand, the analysis of their social networks. As a result, it combines an analysis of the impact of the office on these royal servants’ personal trajectories and integration in a local context, as well as the king’s rationality behind the appointment of these officials. The contino office was particularly flexible and its indefinite nature allowed a degree of variability in the service and conditions based on the needs both of the monarchy and of those individuals involved.
Abstract: The juicio de residencia, similar to the sindacato procedure, attributed a proactive and crucial role to the population in the process of holding officers accountable. However, this popular control has been twice silenced: firstly in the very sources produced by the Crown and secondly by the predominant historiographic interpretations of the residencias as either ineffective, or subjected entirely to the purposes of the royal apparatus. The present article claims both the existence of a certain control of the population over the accountability procedures and its ability to shape these mechanisms in practice and even in the legislation. It addresses the perspective of the urban popula-tion on the functionality of the residencias, as well as the modifications introduced in the procedure that strengthened the position of the people as accusers, witnesses and even the symbolical judges, since the end of the 15th to the 17th century in the Hispanic Monarchy.
Keywords: corregidor; sodomy; residencia; self-fashioning; identity; officers; Murcia.
A través de un caso extraordinario, el del corregidor de Murcia Fernando de Vera y Vargas, acusado del pecado nefando en 1594, se analiza cómo diferentes procesos –un juicio de residencia y un proceso por sodomía– exigen diferentes estrategias de self-fashioning por parte de un mismo individuo. Frente a la identidad como corregidor apoyada en sus méritos y en actuaciones propias de un fiel oficial imparcial, se opone la de insigne ciudadano, de buen linaje y que exhibe una estrecha amistad con poderosas familias locales como prueba de un carácter noble incompatible con el pecado nefando. A pesar de las diferencias entre ambos procesos, ambos se articulan de forma complementaria para revelar un mosaico de tensiones sociales herederas de los bien conocidos bandos murcianos del siglo XVI. Más allá de los análisis de self-fashioning centrados en el discurso, se muestra que el éxito de dichos discursos dependía en última instancia de su confirmación por parte de un cierto espectro de la sociedad, para lo cual era indispensable la ostentación de un comportamiento concreto que apoyase la imagen que se pretendía proyectar.
Palabras clave: corregidor; sodomía; residencia; self-fashioning; identidad; oficiales; Murcia.
Keywords: hermandades; Castile; urban hierarchy; cities; urban leagues; urban networks.
Este artículo es una propuesta de análisis de la jerarquización urbana a través de la perspectiva de las propias ciudades, atendiendo a sus políticas de asociación y a su sistema interno de reconocimiento
de jerarquías. Con este objetivo se analiza el fenómeno de las hermandades castellanas desde su aparición en el siglo XIII hasta el reinado de Enrique IV atendiendo tanto a las redes urbanas
que refl ejan, como al creciente proceso de jerarquización interna sancionado por la progresiva regulación de estas instituciones. La conclusión es que las hermandades actúan a la vez como síntoma
y causa de la jerarquización urbana en el territorio hispánico y, por ello, constituyen un ámbito privilegiado para el estudio de este fenómeno.
Palabras clave: hermandades; Castilla; jerarquización urbana; ciudades; ligas urbanas; redes urbanas.
The Habitus of the Royal Officer. Ideal, Perception and Behavior in the Hispanic Monarchy (XVth-XVIIIth centuries)
The subjugation of the hinterland by the city is addressed in this article from the perspective of the informal relations that were inherent to the Castilian institutional structure. Through the royal documentation, we reconstruct practices that were banned for being considered corrupt as they encouraged favors, bribes, frauds and even rioting. More particularly, we analyse some Castilian figures related to patronage, like the «criados», the «allegados» and the «acostamiento»; the extension of this model into the hinterland where the city councillors established pseudo-vassalage relations with the officers from the villages; as well as the role of gift-giving in the whole interpersonal system where custom and courtesy were inevitably confused with bribery. The paper claims that it would be misleading to conceive these behaviors as mere abuses and a perversion of politics. The patronage that benefited clients and the exchange of gifts were consubstantial to power relations in the Late Middle Ages. Therefore, the subjugation of the hinterland necessarily reproduced these same practices.
retail salespeople or as subsidiary workers in family businesses. This article provides examples of women from
the Campo de Calatrava (Castile) at the end of fifteenth century that contradict the previous idea and lead to
new perspectives on the autonomy of these women and the initiatives they promoted in public spaces that the
hegemonic culture considered the domain of men.
Papers
The essays in the volume address different mechanisms of accountability in various geographical and chronological contexts. Yet none offers a traditional study of office-holders using institutional and prosopographical approaches. Instead, they all focus on the people in their various communities and their interactions with representatives of central authority taking a bottom-up perspective and highlighting these communities as key actors who exerted tangible and visible control over the officers’ behaviour, their self-image, and their individual scope for action. This article serves as an introductory essay to the historiographical context in which the volume operates, before developing its methodological and thematic approach. A last section will introduce the individual contributions connecting them to the themes and the main questions of the volume.
instrumental in the opposition exerted by medieval cities to the centralizing efforts of monarchs, is at the same time considered one of the pillars of the state-building paradigm in Castile. The main objective is to analyse the role played by cities in the success of a procedure which
was initially a response to a rationale opposing centralization. Local
sources, such as city council records, are used to reconstruct the practice of residencias in order to understand the extent to which the Catholic Monarchs’ policies were real innovations, were based on prior
customs or were the result of negotiation with the cities, and/or were
aspirations that never materialised. As a result, the study questions
assumptions made about royal control while drawing attention to the
role of urban actors (both city councils and urban population) who,
while having their own interests and conception of residencias, were
crucial to their advancement and success.
Resumen: El artículo aborda los juicios de residencia, uno de los hitos de la narrativa de construcción del Estado Moderno en Castilla, con el objetivo de comprender el papel desarrollado por las ciudades en el éxito de un procedimiento que originalmente respondía a una lógica opuesta a la de centralización. El énfasis en la práctica de las residencias y en la documentación local, como las actas concejiles, en lugar de en la legislación, permite aquilatar cuánto de lo propuesto por los Reyes Católicos fue innovación, cuánto tomado de la práctica precedente, cuánto negociado con las ciudades, y cuánto tan solo intenciones que no se correspondieron con la realidad del procedimiento. De esta forma se relativiza el dirigismo regio y se pone en valor a los actores urbanos, concejos y vecinos que, teniendo sus propios intereses y una concepción diferente de las residencias, fueron claves en su desarrollo y consolidación.
accountability of officials from the private to the public sphere
in the late medieval period, when these procedures proliferated
across Europe. It focuses on Castile in a European perspective
as an example of two revealing developments: first, the role of
urban representatives in legislation that ensured royal officials
would account at the end of their term of office in the localities
– despite the reticence of the Crown. Second, it points to
flexibility in the use of this procedure, known as residencia and
based on sindacato, employed at the discretion of communities
and not exclusively at that of the elites. The article advocates
reflection on the importance of the population at large
generally in enforcing procedures that placed accountability in
the hands of the public, and the adoption of a ‘bottom up’
approach to this topic.
El presente artículo aborda el estudio de los continos reales incidiendo tanto en su carácter de oficio regio, como elemento clave para entender el desarrollo de la figura del oficial en la época premoderna, como en el valor que el cargo tuvo en las estrategias familiares y personales de aquellos que lo ejercieron. Para ello se combina la visión conjunta del reino que proporcionan los archivos reales con un estudio concreto de la oligarquía de Valladolid. Este último estudio se apoya a su vez en un doble enfoque: por un lado la prosopografía de las élites vallisoletanas y, por otro, el análisis de sus redes sociales. El resultado es una aproximación a la integración real de estos servidores regios en la sociedad local que permite comprender el papel que este cargo pudo tener en sus trayectorias personales, así como el interés de los monarcas por nombrar como continos a determinados individuos. Como oficio, su flexibilidad e indefinición permitía variar los servicios y condiciones en función de las necesidades tanto de la monarquía como de los sujetos implicados.
Abstract
This article analyses the royal continos by addressing both the nature of the office as a key element in the development of officialdom in the pre-Modern era, and the way in which holding the position of contino affected personal and family strategies. This study includes a global perspective on continos in the kingdom by exploring royal documentation, as well as a case study of the oligarchy of Valladolid. This specific case is based on a double approach: on the one hand, the prosopography of urban elites, and on the other hand, the analysis of their social networks. As a result, it combines an analysis of the impact of the office on these royal servants’ personal trajectories and integration in a local context, as well as the king’s rationality behind the appointment of these officials. The contino office was particularly flexible and its indefinite nature allowed a degree of variability in the service and conditions based on the needs both of the monarchy and of those individuals involved.
Abstract: The juicio de residencia, similar to the sindacato procedure, attributed a proactive and crucial role to the population in the process of holding officers accountable. However, this popular control has been twice silenced: firstly in the very sources produced by the Crown and secondly by the predominant historiographic interpretations of the residencias as either ineffective, or subjected entirely to the purposes of the royal apparatus. The present article claims both the existence of a certain control of the population over the accountability procedures and its ability to shape these mechanisms in practice and even in the legislation. It addresses the perspective of the urban popula-tion on the functionality of the residencias, as well as the modifications introduced in the procedure that strengthened the position of the people as accusers, witnesses and even the symbolical judges, since the end of the 15th to the 17th century in the Hispanic Monarchy.
Keywords: corregidor; sodomy; residencia; self-fashioning; identity; officers; Murcia.
A través de un caso extraordinario, el del corregidor de Murcia Fernando de Vera y Vargas, acusado del pecado nefando en 1594, se analiza cómo diferentes procesos –un juicio de residencia y un proceso por sodomía– exigen diferentes estrategias de self-fashioning por parte de un mismo individuo. Frente a la identidad como corregidor apoyada en sus méritos y en actuaciones propias de un fiel oficial imparcial, se opone la de insigne ciudadano, de buen linaje y que exhibe una estrecha amistad con poderosas familias locales como prueba de un carácter noble incompatible con el pecado nefando. A pesar de las diferencias entre ambos procesos, ambos se articulan de forma complementaria para revelar un mosaico de tensiones sociales herederas de los bien conocidos bandos murcianos del siglo XVI. Más allá de los análisis de self-fashioning centrados en el discurso, se muestra que el éxito de dichos discursos dependía en última instancia de su confirmación por parte de un cierto espectro de la sociedad, para lo cual era indispensable la ostentación de un comportamiento concreto que apoyase la imagen que se pretendía proyectar.
Palabras clave: corregidor; sodomía; residencia; self-fashioning; identidad; oficiales; Murcia.
Keywords: hermandades; Castile; urban hierarchy; cities; urban leagues; urban networks.
Este artículo es una propuesta de análisis de la jerarquización urbana a través de la perspectiva de las propias ciudades, atendiendo a sus políticas de asociación y a su sistema interno de reconocimiento
de jerarquías. Con este objetivo se analiza el fenómeno de las hermandades castellanas desde su aparición en el siglo XIII hasta el reinado de Enrique IV atendiendo tanto a las redes urbanas
que refl ejan, como al creciente proceso de jerarquización interna sancionado por la progresiva regulación de estas instituciones. La conclusión es que las hermandades actúan a la vez como síntoma
y causa de la jerarquización urbana en el territorio hispánico y, por ello, constituyen un ámbito privilegiado para el estudio de este fenómeno.
Palabras clave: hermandades; Castilla; jerarquización urbana; ciudades; ligas urbanas; redes urbanas.
The Habitus of the Royal Officer. Ideal, Perception and Behavior in the Hispanic Monarchy (XVth-XVIIIth centuries)
The subjugation of the hinterland by the city is addressed in this article from the perspective of the informal relations that were inherent to the Castilian institutional structure. Through the royal documentation, we reconstruct practices that were banned for being considered corrupt as they encouraged favors, bribes, frauds and even rioting. More particularly, we analyse some Castilian figures related to patronage, like the «criados», the «allegados» and the «acostamiento»; the extension of this model into the hinterland where the city councillors established pseudo-vassalage relations with the officers from the villages; as well as the role of gift-giving in the whole interpersonal system where custom and courtesy were inevitably confused with bribery. The paper claims that it would be misleading to conceive these behaviors as mere abuses and a perversion of politics. The patronage that benefited clients and the exchange of gifts were consubstantial to power relations in the Late Middle Ages. Therefore, the subjugation of the hinterland necessarily reproduced these same practices.
retail salespeople or as subsidiary workers in family businesses. This article provides examples of women from
the Campo de Calatrava (Castile) at the end of fifteenth century that contradict the previous idea and lead to
new perspectives on the autonomy of these women and the initiatives they promoted in public spaces that the
hegemonic culture considered the domain of men.
More info at https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-officer-and-the-people-9780192848383?q=the%20officer%20and%20the%20people&lang=en&cc=gb#
Este libro constituye a la vez una contribución fundamental al conocimiento de uno de los principales centros urbanos de la Castilla bajomedieval, Valladolid, y un hito en el desarrollo de un nuevo ámbito interdisciplinar, el análisis de redes sociales histórico.
A través del análisis de redes sociales se concibe el sistema político urbano de Valladolid como una red de relaciones a lo largo de la cual circulan servicios, favores e información y en la que se integran un conjunto de personas que ni está limitado a los oficiales, ni es estático, ni vitalicio, ni exclusivo de los varones. La concepción de la oligarquía en red aporta las claves necesarias para una renovación de cuestiones históricas de primer orden como la definición de las élites, el clientelismo, las bases y el ejercicio del poder, el papel de las mujeres y dos de los escenarios fundamentales donde dicho poder se puso en juego en Castilla: los linajes de caballeros urbanos y las relaciones con el común.
From 1355 on L’Aquila it was ruled by a Reggimento ad Arti based on guilds and quarters: this system was different from the other cities of the Kingdom, whose councils were divided between 'nobiles' and 'populares'. During the fifteenth century, a larger council called 'cerna' was also elected. The local mercantile élite controlled the decision-making process and the civic offices without any strict regulations, and with the support of Pietro Lalle Camponeschi, count of Montorio. As a faction leader, his influence on the urban government was very heavy. During the 15th century, the Camponeschi faction had not acted in the civic institutions as a structured group. When in 1485 the Camponeschi lost their power to the new rival Gaglioffi faction, Pietro Lalle dumped his traditional allegiance and became pro-Aragonese with the support of the urban élite. Since then, factional allegiance became in practice a way to exclude citizens from government.
From the Angevins to the Popes: Ruling Classes and Political Participation in Avignon (Late Thirteenth to Fourteenth Centuries) (Simone Balossino)
Between the thirteenth and the fourteenth century, Avignon and its region underwent dramatic change during the transition from the communal regime to the rule of the Kings of Naples and to the papal government, which brought about the residence in the city of the Popes and their Curia from 1348. Social and political change in the city was also determined by the fast growth of the population. The city’s changing demography, particularly during the fourteenth century, contributed to the shaping of a particular urban physiognomy. Fourteenth century Avignon was characterized by the presence of several groups of foreigners, belonging to different nationalities. For a consistent number of them, the settlement became permanent and implied the involvement in politics at local level. This paper analyses the appearance of new social groups characterised by a growing political consciousness, and focuses on the relationship between political participation and social change.
Patron-Client Relations and Changes in the Castilian Political Society during the Fifteenth Century (María Ángeles Martín-Romera)
Many Castilian cities were ruled by factions of urban knights called Linajes. The Linajes have been extensively studied from an institutional perspective, regarding their relation with conflicts or stressing the local particularities from each city. However, despite their central role in the social history of the kingdom‘s urban elites, little has been said about the transformation of the Linajes during the Late Middle Ages and its connection with the Revolt of the Comuneros in 1520. In previous works I have proposed an explanatory model of the decline of the Linajes based on the passage from a collective system to a patron-client one. This paper analyses that process in several Castilian cities and its different consequences in the oligarchy’s composition, representative role and legitimacy. Finally, it addresses the connection between those changes and the rise of the commoner’s demands at the end of this period.
The conference responds to the increasing historiographical interest on officers in Europe and intends to contribute by moving the focus from the officers or the state to the people in their respective communities. By encouraging a bottom-up perspective, it aims to underline people’s agencies as watchers and actors that exerted a tangible control over the officers’ behaviour, therefore understanding their engagement in procedures and practices of accountability as a mixture of negotiation and empowerment that goes well beyond a merely reactive role.
"Shaping the officer" brings together specialists from various countries and different research contexts across Europe, working on officers and strictly formal accountability procedures as well as less formalised practices of accountability. With a long chronological trajectory and a wide geographical scope, we hope to highlight the ways and means of local populations to actively engage in the task of ruling their territories, modelling the officers’ behaviour and shaping institutions.
The conference responds to the increasing historiographical interest on officers in Europe and intends to contribute by moving the focus from the officers or the state to the people in their respective communities. By encouraging a bottom-up perspective, it aims to underline people’s agencies as watchers and actors that exerted a tangible control over the officers’ behaviour, therefore understanding their engagement in procedures and practices of accountability as a mixture of negotiation and empowerment that goes well beyond a merely reactive role.
"Shaping the officer" brings together specialists from various countries and different research contexts across Europe, working on officers and strictly formal accountability procedures as well as less formalised practices of accountability. With a long chronological trajectory and a wide geographical scope, we hope to highlight the ways and means of local populations to actively engage in the task of ruling their territories, modelling the officers’ behaviour and shaping institutions.
Con la intención de profundizar en algunos de los aspectos fundamentales del proyecto y de estimular el debate científico con especialistas en la materia, se ha proyectado el workshop “El Habitus del oficial real. Ideal, percepción y ejercicio del cargo en la Monarquía Hispánica (s. XV-XVIII)” que tendrá lugar entre el 24 y el 25 de abril de 2015 en la Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität de Munich. La discusión girará en torno a los siguientes argumentos:
- El oficio como habitus: implicaciones ideológicas y de comportamiento del ejercicio del cargo. El concepto de habitus se emplea como categoría de análisis para estudiar en qué medida se produjo una interiorización del ideal del cargo por parte de los oficiales y hasta qué punto se adoptó un comportamiento en función del oficio que permitiese ostentar un carácter propio del oficial real: una especie de segunda naturaleza que mostraría al oficial como inaccesible a la vez que legitimizaría su autoridad y sus actos al servicio de la Corona y del bien común. Para ello es preciso observar la relación entre el ideal presentado en la tratadística y la conducta de los oficiales reales: los valores, requisitos y atribuciones teóricos de los cargos frente a la calidad de las personas que los ejercieron, las (malas) prácticas de los oficiales y el alcance real de su actuación.
- Los límites impuestos al ejercicio del cargo: tanto desde arriba, por parte del control real, como desde abajo, por parte de las personas sujetas a su jurisdicción (juicios de residencia, insubordinaciones, ataques a la autoridad, etc.). A este respecto interesa abordar el debate aún no zanjado sobre el sentido disuasorio y/o punitivo de los juicios de residencia así como sus efectos en la imagen de los oficiales y en las expectativas de recibir otros cargos o favores reales.
- Autoconcepción y autorrepresentación de los oficiales reales como grupo: discursos legitimadores y de prestigio (el bien común, la nobleza, la virtud, el servicio al rey...); fórmulas y pautas de comportamiento tendentes a reforzar su autoridad y respuestas frente a los ataques a la misma por parte de la población.
- El oficial real visto desde fuera: cuáles son los principales estereotipos y acusaciones contra los oficiales reales; en qué se fundamentaban la mayoría de las demandas a título particular presentadas en los juicios de residencia; qué tipos de comportamientos por parte de estos agentes reales causaban escándalo entre la población o/y insubordinación; cómo se concretaban los ataques físicos y verbales a su autoridad, etc.
Estas líneas generales servirán para vertebrar y estimular la discusión cuyo objetivo no es tan sólo analizar cómo se concretaba la actuación de los oficiales regios entre los siglos XV y XVIII, sino hacerlo poniendo especial énfasis en equilibrar la perspectiva teórica, los discursos y la vertiente ideológica, con la observación de la praxis del oficio, la intervención de la Corona y la reacción de los grupos sociales afectados por el ejercicio del cargo.
Más información en:
http://www.for1986.uni-muenchen.de/aktuelles/veranstaltungen/workshop_habitus/index.html
http://www.for1986.uni-muenchen.de/aktuelles/veranstaltungen/workshop_habitus/programa-workshop-habitus.pdf