![Dario Bernal-Casasola](https://0.academia-photos.com/367936/715604/888755/s200_dario.bernal-casasola.jpg)
Dario Bernal-Casasola
Phone: 0034 - 956 015868; 956015506
Address: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
Universidad de Cádiz
Avda. Dr. Gomez Ulla 1
11003 Cádiz (España)
Address: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
Universidad de Cádiz
Avda. Dr. Gomez Ulla 1
11003 Cádiz (España)
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Lusitania. Firstly, the presence of Lusitanian amphorae on the coast of Baetica and in the north of Mauretania Tingitana will be analysed on the
basis of the few published stratigraphic sequences and using the evidence provided by chance finds and older excavations, for the most
part unpublished. The objective will be to draw a picture that reflects the presence of the foodstuffs contained in these amphorae in
Andalusia, taking into account both urban and rural contexts. This will demonstrate that Lusitanian amphorae were present in Baetica,
not in large numbers (approximately 5% of the overall total) but without interruption, between the Flavian period, at the latest, and
sometime around the reign of Justinian.
Secondly, I shall address a series of methodological issues concerning the identification of Lusitanian amphorae, especially the
notorious difficulty involved in distinguishing between common southern Iberian types (particularly Keay XIX, Almagro 50 and
Almagro 51c). Similarly, I shall tackle the issue surrounding the supply of empty amphorae to a number of cetariae in the region, an
issue that has challenged the traditional supply model.
and ultimately disappear. Unless they include bones or scales, the only means of identifying
them in the archaeological record is through the identification of the chemical constituents
that are left behind after decomposition. Fish flesh mainly consists of proteins
and lipids. Since these molecules are unstable they degrade irreversibly after death or discard,
losing a significant part of the original chemical elements, consequently hampering
or complicating their identification. In this paper, two main types of fish products are considered:
raw, salted or cooked fish, and fermented fish-based products. In the first case,
the degradation of the native markers results from chemical post-depositional degradation,
and eventually thermal degradation during cooking. In the second case, the biochemical
processes involve bacteria that cause the rapid decomposition of fish as part of the process
of forming fish sauces, such as Roman garum. To detect and identify fish products we combined
experimental archaeology and organic analyses. The identification of the degradation
products of cholesterol appeared to provide a strong indicator for detecting the presence
of fish sauces. Analysis of samples taken from fish-salting vats located along the Atlantic
coast (Marsa, Baelo Claudia, Troia, Kerlaz, and Etel) with samples taken from actual
experimental garum sauces made from mackerel (Scomber scombrus), sardines (Sardina
pilchardus), and/or oysters (Ostreidae), revealed the presence of common markers of fermented
fish-based products. The application of the analytical methodology described here
to structures involved in ancient fish sauce manufacture and storage has enabled investigation
of the production of the sauces by searching directly for the fish markers on the inner
sides of the containers. For the first time the addition of molluscs and fruits in the fish
product has been identified as part of the process of manufacturing garum.
industry in ancient times have paid little
attention to date to the finding of cartilaginous
fish (Chondrichthyes), which are very present
in archaeozoological records, albeit in small
quantities. In this paper we present new evidence
coming from archaeological activities in two sites
in the “Circle of the Strait”, Luis Milena in San
Fernando (2nd century BC) and Alcalde Victori
Goñalons from Ceuta (8th-9th centuries AD). With
the identification of Thresher sharks (Alopias
vulpinus), trying to demonstrate the diachronic
attesting of these resources; And a preliminary
review of the published bibliography, putting on
the table the abundance of sharks, and the scant
attention paid to the research to date. We also
reflect on the bromatological –nutritional- role
that these resources could have, and their fishing,
salting and socio-economic importance in
Antiquity, opening a new line of research to be
developed in the future.
town of Baelo Claudia, which is located in the Straits of Gibraltar. It begins with a synthesis of
information derived from Roman historical sources and from earlier archaeological work on the harbour
installations that has been undertaken since the 1980s down to the present day. The paper then
moves on to present unpublished information relating to underwater finds (anchors and amphorae), in
particular a mooring stone that was found next to a seafront building involved in port-related activities
in the lower part of the site (Edificio Meridional XIII). It also presents for the first time the results of
an emergency excavation undertaken in 2011. This uncovered walls running adjacent to the southern
stretch of the wall circuit of the town, which may perhaps be docking structures, as well as evidence for
the canalisation of one of the banks of the Arroyo de las Villas in the late Republican period. Last, but
not least, there is a reflection on future research directions, some of which have been developed during
the geophysical and geo-archaeological campaigns carried out in the harbour area during 2016 as part
of the Portuslimen Project.
in two new cetariae called Conjunto Industrial XI and Conjunto Industrial XII, located
in the southern quarter of the Roman city of Baelo Claudia. It has been possible to
define the spatial organization of these two cetariae, as well as the ichthyological characterization
of the sauces (mainly clupeids and Engraulidae) and salsamentum (tuna)
documented both inside the tanks and in the working areas nearby. All these results
improve the knowledge of halieutic productions in this geographical area of the Fretum
Gaditanum.
archaeological surveys of Arqueológical Chart of Northern
Morocco Project, according to the methodology and the results
used in its own research.
brush (plane) was recovered. This tool has been dated in Late Roman times by radiocarbon,
constituting a finding almost unique in its kind. It has been produced reusing a
cetacean-worked bone, as confirmed by DNA analysis. The archeological and functional
study of this singular piece is discussed ; it comes from the interior of the military castellum
of Tamuda (north gate of the camp), according to the archival documentation ; And
we reflect on the habitual use of whale bones in this site, being this the third finding of
this nature in Tamuda.
Italian-Spanish team and focused on the exploitation of marine resources in the
Vesuvius area. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the building known as the
« Garum Shop » in Pompeii (I, 12, 8), in order to present a reconstruction of space organization
and marine resource exploitation in an urban context dating to 79 AD. Results
of archive research, stratigraphic excavations, archaeozoological and archaeometric
analyses will be presented and discussed, with the aim to propose a model of space organization
for the production and sale of fish products.
The rock-shelter of Benzú is located near the city of Ceuta in North
Africa. The Benzú rock-shelter contains a sequence of 7 archaeological levels,
which are associated with a clearly defined Mode 3 lithic technology.
The similarities with other assemblages found in the south of the Iberian
Peninsula are clear. We must also emphasise the exploitation of marine resources
by these hunter-gatherer societies from the beginning of the Middle
Pleistocene sequence. On the basis of this archaeological evidence and in the context of recent studies on North Africa, this work assesses the
possible relationships and contacts between societies on both shores of the
historical region of the Straits of Gibraltar.
El LDV es una herramienta informática que persigue tres objetivos fundamentales. El primero es proyectar hacia las TIC la labor científica de grupos de investigación con proyectos nuevos o consolidados. El segundo, conseguir una herramienta idónea para la gestión y consulta de los contenidos generados por la comunidad científica ligada al proyecto, mediante un espacio interactivo y de intercambio de conocimientos, que permita mejorar la productividad científica, fomentando las sinergias de los grupos implicados, y ayudando a consolidar las relaciones institucionales con la vinculación de comunidades científicas a través de las TIC. El tercero, que el LDV se convierta en un “estándar de referencia” para esta línea de investigación, abierta a Internet para investigadores, estudiantes universitarios, y profesionales de la arqueología.
En la actualidad, “Amphorae ex Hispania” cuenta con la colaboración externa de varios grupos de investigadores del ámbito nacional, con una experiencia consolidada sobre este tema, adscritos a las universidades de Cádiz (Lázaro Lagóstena, Darío Bernal) y Sevilla (Enrique García Vargas). Pero desde el ICAC se pretende que este LDV sea la base para una colaboración más amplia, con el objetivo de crear una red básica de cooperación entre investigadores especialistas de distintas universidades, tanto españolas como portuguesas.
El proyecto de Laboratorio Virtual ha sido pensado para que los usuarios interactúen con el sistema informático a través de dos ambientes de trabajo diferenciados y con recursos propios: el “portal público” del proyecto abierto al público de Internet; el laboratorio virtual como una “intranet” para usuarios registrados.
El portal público tiene tres propósitos principales: presentar las bases del proyecto y su progreso; difundir el conocimiento generado en el Lab a un nivel didáctico y divulgativo; ofrecer al público de Internet la posibilidad de consultar nuestras bases de datos con los servicios más destacados, como lo es ahora la Biblioteca on-line desde donde se pueden descargar publicaciones digitales sobre ánforas hispanas.
La intranet o espacio privado es el motor fundamental del proyecto, desde donde se alimentan las bases de datos con el trabajo concurrente de los miembros registrados. Para el acceso concurrente, el LDV contempla cuatro tipos de perfiles de usuarios registrados (director, responsable científico, colaborador, invitado), cada uno de los cuales ofrece un nivel de acceso, mayor o menor, a los servicios del Laboratorio y a las informaciones de la base de datos.
La intranet de laboratorio cuenta con dos grupos de aplicaciones informáticas: las llamadas “genéricas”, que forman parte del núcleo del sistema y son comunes a todos los laboratorios; y las llamadas “específicas”, diseñadas para el proyecto en sí, a razón de sus necesidades. Sobre las aplicaciones del segundo grupo cabe destacar las siguientes: “yacimientos” (lugares de producción; lugar de tránsito; mercados receptores); “intervenciones” (excavación, prospección, etc., o los registros arqueológicos de los materiales estudiados); “producciones” (cuantificaciones de los materiales anfóricos recogidos en cada intervención); “objetos” (la ficha de un ánfora de especial interés científico por su información metrológica, arqueométrica y epigráfica); “tipologías” (a modo de síntesis, la descripción general de los tipos anfóricos hispanos clasificados por la forma del recipiente y el origen geográfico de la producción).
Con la puesta en marcha del LDV “Amphorae ex Hispania” y la aportación progresiva de sus participantes, pretendemos alcanzar una serie de objetivos científicos: estandarizar la terminología para las ánforas hispanas; ofrecer un mapa detallado de los centros de producción de ánforas en Hispania; ofrecer un mapa detallado de impacto de estas producciones en los mercados receptores; fomentar el uso de las metodologías y formas de cuantificación de las ánforas; fomentar los estudios arqueométricos en los distintos centros de producción; completar la epigrafía anfórica local con el microanálisis de marcas, grafitos y tituli picti.