Paulo Oliveira Ramos
Paulo Oliveira Ramos (Lisboa, 1951), licenciado em História pela Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa (1981), mestre em Comunicação Educacional Multimédia (1994) e doutorado em História pela Universidade Aberta (2003).
Vem-se dedicando há longos anos ao estudo, ensino e divulgação de temas relacionados com a história da salvaguarda do património, a arqueologia industrial, a olisipografia e a museologia. Autor de vários livros e artigos sobre estas temáticas.
É professor na área dos Estudos do Património na Universidade Aberta, investigador integrado do Instituto de História da Arte da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa e sócio da Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses.
Paulo Oliveira Ramos (Lisbon, 1951) holds a BA in History from the University of Lisbon (1981), and received an MA in Educational Multimedia Communication (1994) and a PhD in History from Universidade Aberta (2003).
For many years he has been dedicated to the research, teaching, and dissemination of his working themes, such as the history of heritage preservation, industrial archaeology, Lisbon studies and museology, on which he has authored several books and articles.
He currently teaches Heritage Studies at Universidade Aberta in Lisbon, and is a research member of the Institute of Art History at Nova University of Lisbon, as well as a member of the Portuguese Association of Archaeologists.
Vem-se dedicando há longos anos ao estudo, ensino e divulgação de temas relacionados com a história da salvaguarda do património, a arqueologia industrial, a olisipografia e a museologia. Autor de vários livros e artigos sobre estas temáticas.
É professor na área dos Estudos do Património na Universidade Aberta, investigador integrado do Instituto de História da Arte da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa e sócio da Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses.
Paulo Oliveira Ramos (Lisbon, 1951) holds a BA in History from the University of Lisbon (1981), and received an MA in Educational Multimedia Communication (1994) and a PhD in History from Universidade Aberta (2003).
For many years he has been dedicated to the research, teaching, and dissemination of his working themes, such as the history of heritage preservation, industrial archaeology, Lisbon studies and museology, on which he has authored several books and articles.
He currently teaches Heritage Studies at Universidade Aberta in Lisbon, and is a research member of the Institute of Art History at Nova University of Lisbon, as well as a member of the Portuguese Association of Archaeologists.
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Papers by Paulo Oliveira Ramos
Ao longo de três regimes políticos – Monarquia, I República e Estado Novo – a actividade patrimonial entre nós ficou sem dúvida marcada pela polémica que, desde 1888 e durante seis décadas, opôs a Fábrica de Gás à Torre de Belém, em Lisboa.
Dos muitos e diversos protestos lançados entre os anos de 1888 e 1932, optámos por recolher e estudar os saídos do lápis de ilustradores e caricaturistas como Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, Manuel Gustavo Bordalo
Pinheiro, Stuart Carvalhais e Francisco Valença, publicados em diversos jornais e revistas.
Palavras-chave: Património; Sociedade; Iconografia; Idade Contemporânea.
ABSTRACT
Throughout three political regimes – Monarchy, 1st Republic and Estado Novo (New State) – heritage activities in Portugal were marked by a controversy which started in 1888, lasting for six decades, and opposed
the Gas Factory to the Tower of Belém, in Lisbon.
Among many and varied protests that took place between 1888 and 1932, the author decided to collect and study those by illustrators and caricaturists like Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, Manuel Gustavo Bordalo Pinheiro, Stuart Carvalhais and Francisco Valença, published in several newspapers and magazines.
Key words: Heritage; Society;
Iconography; Contemporary age.
RÉSUMÉ
Au cours de trois régimes politiques – Monarchie, 1ère République et Estado Novo – l’activité patrimoniale est restée entre nous sans aucun doute marquée par la polémique qui, depuis 1888 et pendant 6 décennies, a opposé l’Usine de Gaz à la Tour de Belém à Lisbonne.
Parmi les diverses et nombreuses contestations lancées entre 1888 et 1932, nous avons opté pour recueillir et étudier celles sorties sous le crayon d’illustrateurs et caricaturistes tels Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, Manuel Gustavo Bordalo Pinheiro, Stuart Carvalhais et Francisco Valença, publiées
dans différents journaux et revues.
Mots Clés: Patrimoine; Société; Iconographie; Époque contemporaine.
Texto que apresenta alguns aspectos relacionados com a chegada, em 1835, da primeira máquina a vapor (e outros equipamentos diversos) para a cunhagem de moeda na Casa da Moeda de Lisboa. Essa máquina de 16 cavalos, vinda da Soho Manufactory de Boulton & Watt, em Birmingham, foi, durante anos, tida (erradamente) como a primeira do seu tipo aplicada em Portugal.
A origem desse equipamento, os seus componentes, a equipa britânica de montagem, a cronologia dessa montagem e a postura da contraparte portuguesa são alguns dos tópicos abordados com um particular interesse para a arqueologia industrial.
Palavras-chave: Arqueologia industrial; Indústria; Património; Século XIX.
ABSTRACT
This paper considers some aspects related to the 1835 arrival of the first steam engine (and other assorted equipment) for mint coining at the Lisbon Mint (Casa da Moeda). This 16hp engine from Boulton & Watt’s Soho Manufactory in Birmingham was, for years, (mistakenly) taken to be the first of its kind used in Portugal.
Among some of the topics under discussion that remain of particular interest for industrial archaeology are the origins of this equipment and its components, the installation team from Britain, the chronology of that installation and the attitude of their counterparts from Portugal.
Keywords: Industrial Archaeology; Industry; Heritage; 19th century.
RÉSUMÉ
Texte qui présente certains aspects liés à l’arrivée en 1835 de la première machine à vapeur (et autres équipements divers) pour la frappe de la monnaie à la Casa da Moeda de Lisbonne.
Cette machine de 16 chevaux, venue de la Soho Manufactory de Boulton & Watt, à Birmingham, a été considérée (faussement) pendant des années comme la première de son genre appliquée au Portugal.
L’origine de cet équipement, ses composants, l’équipe britannique de montage, la chronologie de ce montage et l’attitude de la contrepartie portugaise sont certains des aspects abordés avec un intérêt particulier porté à l’archéologie industrielle.
Mots Clés: Archéologie industrielle; Industrie;
Patrimoine; XIXème siècle.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: Legislação do Património; João V (Portugal); Academia Real da História Portuguesa; Século XVIII.
This article marks the third centennial of the Royal Charter Decree of King D. João V, from 20th August 1721, which protected “the existing ancient monuments and those to be found in the [Portuguese] Kingdom”.
The author traces back this law’s writing process at the Academia Real da Historia Portugueza (Royal Academy of Portuguese History), summarising its main points and addressing the results of its application in Portugal.
He stresses the role of the Marquis of Abrantes in writing this law, after he resided in Rome between 1712 and 1718.
KEYWORDS: Legislation on Heritage; King João V (Portugal); Royal Academy of Portuguese History; 18th century.
Article qui vise à rappeler le tricentenaire de l’Alvará em forma de Ley promulgué par D. João V le 20 août 1721 destiné à protéger « les Monuments anciens qui existaient et se pouvaient découvrir dans le royaume ».
Outre le fait d’accompagner le processus de gestation du diplôme dans l’Académie Royale de l’Histoire Portugaise et de synthétiser ses points principaux, l’auteur aborde succinctement les résultats de son application dans le pays.
Il met aussi en relief le rôle tenu par le marquis de Abrantes dans l’élaboration de cette loi après son séjour à Rome entre 1712 et 1718.
MOTS CLÉS: Législation du Patrimoine; D. João V (Portugal); Académie Royal de l’Histoire Portugaise; XVIIIème siècle.
Published in 1896, Sousa Viterbo’s paper “Portuguese industrial archaeology. The mills” would come to be considered in the 1980s as the rst printed use of the term ‘industrial archaeology.’ Two French articles, also from the 1980s, would bring to light a 1879 essay by the baron of Vernheilh. This paper, however, has delved into French publications to reveal that several other authors besides Viterbo and Verneilh used the term ‘industrial archaeology’ in their papers all across the nineteenth century, its earliest occurrence harking back to 1842, that is, exactly 175 years ago.
The author evokes a curious replica of the Eiffel Tower erected in Tomar, at the time of the Festa dos Tabuleiros celebrations, in 1914. He traces the history of the process that led to the construction of the original tower in Paris, under Gustave Eiffel, for the 1889 World Exhibition. The Eiffel Tower, with its 300 meters, gave rise to great controversy at the time. Nonetheless, it became a landmark of the exhibition and of the city of Paris, leading to the appearance of similar projects in other European and world towns. Lisbon followed route, but only Tomar saw the idea come to life, though with a humble 20 meters high.
Brief study of Euston arch, erected in 1837 as a doorway into Euston train station in London. The arch was dismantled between 1961-1962. However, after most of the masonry was recovered since 1994, its reconstruction com’era and dov’era has been under discussion. The author highlights the struggle to preserve the structure and its role in the affirmation of Industrial Archaeology.
Results of the undergoing research on the use of the expression “Industrial Archaeology” during the 19th century. Starting from the Portuguese Francisco Sousa Viterbo (1845/1846-1910), who used it in 1896, the regressive method has permitted (for now) to go back over half a century from its first use. From the twenty or so examples studied, dating from between 1896 and 1842, a vast majority was found in French publications, but there are also occurrences found in Brazil, Belgium, Italy, the UK and the USA.
Résultats d’une recherche en cours sur l’utilisation de l’expression «Archéologie Industrielle» pendant le XIXème siècle. Partant du portugais Francisco Sousa Viterbo (1845/1846-1910), qui l’utilisa en 1896, l’application de la méthode régressive a permis de reculer (pour le moment) plus d’un demi-siècle sa première utilisation. De la vingtaine d’exemples déjà étudiés, qui datent de 1896 à 1842, une large majorité a été trouvée dans des publications françaises mais il y a également des exemples au Brésil,
en Belgique, en Italie, au Royaume-Uni et aux Etats-Unis d’Amérique.
Ao longo de três regimes políticos – Monarquia, I República e Estado Novo – a actividade patrimonial entre nós ficou sem dúvida marcada pela polémica que, desde 1888 e durante seis décadas, opôs a Fábrica de Gás à Torre de Belém, em Lisboa.
Dos muitos e diversos protestos lançados entre os anos de 1888 e 1932, optámos por recolher e estudar os saídos do lápis de ilustradores e caricaturistas como Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, Manuel Gustavo Bordalo
Pinheiro, Stuart Carvalhais e Francisco Valença, publicados em diversos jornais e revistas.
Palavras-chave: Património; Sociedade; Iconografia; Idade Contemporânea.
ABSTRACT
Throughout three political regimes – Monarchy, 1st Republic and Estado Novo (New State) – heritage activities in Portugal were marked by a controversy which started in 1888, lasting for six decades, and opposed
the Gas Factory to the Tower of Belém, in Lisbon.
Among many and varied protests that took place between 1888 and 1932, the author decided to collect and study those by illustrators and caricaturists like Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, Manuel Gustavo Bordalo Pinheiro, Stuart Carvalhais and Francisco Valença, published in several newspapers and magazines.
Key words: Heritage; Society;
Iconography; Contemporary age.
RÉSUMÉ
Au cours de trois régimes politiques – Monarchie, 1ère République et Estado Novo – l’activité patrimoniale est restée entre nous sans aucun doute marquée par la polémique qui, depuis 1888 et pendant 6 décennies, a opposé l’Usine de Gaz à la Tour de Belém à Lisbonne.
Parmi les diverses et nombreuses contestations lancées entre 1888 et 1932, nous avons opté pour recueillir et étudier celles sorties sous le crayon d’illustrateurs et caricaturistes tels Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, Manuel Gustavo Bordalo Pinheiro, Stuart Carvalhais et Francisco Valença, publiées
dans différents journaux et revues.
Mots Clés: Patrimoine; Société; Iconographie; Époque contemporaine.
Texto que apresenta alguns aspectos relacionados com a chegada, em 1835, da primeira máquina a vapor (e outros equipamentos diversos) para a cunhagem de moeda na Casa da Moeda de Lisboa. Essa máquina de 16 cavalos, vinda da Soho Manufactory de Boulton & Watt, em Birmingham, foi, durante anos, tida (erradamente) como a primeira do seu tipo aplicada em Portugal.
A origem desse equipamento, os seus componentes, a equipa britânica de montagem, a cronologia dessa montagem e a postura da contraparte portuguesa são alguns dos tópicos abordados com um particular interesse para a arqueologia industrial.
Palavras-chave: Arqueologia industrial; Indústria; Património; Século XIX.
ABSTRACT
This paper considers some aspects related to the 1835 arrival of the first steam engine (and other assorted equipment) for mint coining at the Lisbon Mint (Casa da Moeda). This 16hp engine from Boulton & Watt’s Soho Manufactory in Birmingham was, for years, (mistakenly) taken to be the first of its kind used in Portugal.
Among some of the topics under discussion that remain of particular interest for industrial archaeology are the origins of this equipment and its components, the installation team from Britain, the chronology of that installation and the attitude of their counterparts from Portugal.
Keywords: Industrial Archaeology; Industry; Heritage; 19th century.
RÉSUMÉ
Texte qui présente certains aspects liés à l’arrivée en 1835 de la première machine à vapeur (et autres équipements divers) pour la frappe de la monnaie à la Casa da Moeda de Lisbonne.
Cette machine de 16 chevaux, venue de la Soho Manufactory de Boulton & Watt, à Birmingham, a été considérée (faussement) pendant des années comme la première de son genre appliquée au Portugal.
L’origine de cet équipement, ses composants, l’équipe britannique de montage, la chronologie de ce montage et l’attitude de la contrepartie portugaise sont certains des aspects abordés avec un intérêt particulier porté à l’archéologie industrielle.
Mots Clés: Archéologie industrielle; Industrie;
Patrimoine; XIXème siècle.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: Legislação do Património; João V (Portugal); Academia Real da História Portuguesa; Século XVIII.
This article marks the third centennial of the Royal Charter Decree of King D. João V, from 20th August 1721, which protected “the existing ancient monuments and those to be found in the [Portuguese] Kingdom”.
The author traces back this law’s writing process at the Academia Real da Historia Portugueza (Royal Academy of Portuguese History), summarising its main points and addressing the results of its application in Portugal.
He stresses the role of the Marquis of Abrantes in writing this law, after he resided in Rome between 1712 and 1718.
KEYWORDS: Legislation on Heritage; King João V (Portugal); Royal Academy of Portuguese History; 18th century.
Article qui vise à rappeler le tricentenaire de l’Alvará em forma de Ley promulgué par D. João V le 20 août 1721 destiné à protéger « les Monuments anciens qui existaient et se pouvaient découvrir dans le royaume ».
Outre le fait d’accompagner le processus de gestation du diplôme dans l’Académie Royale de l’Histoire Portugaise et de synthétiser ses points principaux, l’auteur aborde succinctement les résultats de son application dans le pays.
Il met aussi en relief le rôle tenu par le marquis de Abrantes dans l’élaboration de cette loi après son séjour à Rome entre 1712 et 1718.
MOTS CLÉS: Législation du Patrimoine; D. João V (Portugal); Académie Royal de l’Histoire Portugaise; XVIIIème siècle.
Published in 1896, Sousa Viterbo’s paper “Portuguese industrial archaeology. The mills” would come to be considered in the 1980s as the rst printed use of the term ‘industrial archaeology.’ Two French articles, also from the 1980s, would bring to light a 1879 essay by the baron of Vernheilh. This paper, however, has delved into French publications to reveal that several other authors besides Viterbo and Verneilh used the term ‘industrial archaeology’ in their papers all across the nineteenth century, its earliest occurrence harking back to 1842, that is, exactly 175 years ago.
The author evokes a curious replica of the Eiffel Tower erected in Tomar, at the time of the Festa dos Tabuleiros celebrations, in 1914. He traces the history of the process that led to the construction of the original tower in Paris, under Gustave Eiffel, for the 1889 World Exhibition. The Eiffel Tower, with its 300 meters, gave rise to great controversy at the time. Nonetheless, it became a landmark of the exhibition and of the city of Paris, leading to the appearance of similar projects in other European and world towns. Lisbon followed route, but only Tomar saw the idea come to life, though with a humble 20 meters high.
Brief study of Euston arch, erected in 1837 as a doorway into Euston train station in London. The arch was dismantled between 1961-1962. However, after most of the masonry was recovered since 1994, its reconstruction com’era and dov’era has been under discussion. The author highlights the struggle to preserve the structure and its role in the affirmation of Industrial Archaeology.
Results of the undergoing research on the use of the expression “Industrial Archaeology” during the 19th century. Starting from the Portuguese Francisco Sousa Viterbo (1845/1846-1910), who used it in 1896, the regressive method has permitted (for now) to go back over half a century from its first use. From the twenty or so examples studied, dating from between 1896 and 1842, a vast majority was found in French publications, but there are also occurrences found in Brazil, Belgium, Italy, the UK and the USA.
Résultats d’une recherche en cours sur l’utilisation de l’expression «Archéologie Industrielle» pendant le XIXème siècle. Partant du portugais Francisco Sousa Viterbo (1845/1846-1910), qui l’utilisa en 1896, l’application de la méthode régressive a permis de reculer (pour le moment) plus d’un demi-siècle sa première utilisation. De la vingtaine d’exemples déjà étudiés, qui datent de 1896 à 1842, une large majorité a été trouvée dans des publications françaises mais il y a également des exemples au Brésil,
en Belgique, en Italie, au Royaume-Uni et aux Etats-Unis d’Amérique.
Para esta incursão na obra de Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro socorremo-nos d’O António Maria, jornal com duas séries, uma de Junho de 1879 a Janeiro de 1885 e outra de Março de 1891 a Julho de 1898. E, também, dos Pontos nos ii que principiou a sua publicação em Maio de 1885, na sequência da suspensão d’O Antonio Maria, e por seu turno terminou igualmente suspenso em Fevereiro de 1891.
This article has emerged within the scope of an on-going research about the subject of vandalism against cultural heritage in Portugal. This comprises three steps: 1 – to recollect some of the major contributions regarding the study of this topic; 2 – to inquire into the range of causes ascribed to vandalism throughout the nineteenth century in Portugal; 3 – to evoke the hitherto unknown contribution of Luís Chaves in cataloguing these causes.
A orientação deste trabalho – que releva de algumas novas tendências de abordagem patrimonial que nos chegam de França, Grã-Bretanha, Itália e Espanha – procurou, ainda, seguir um percurso que ilumine as ideias-força que marcaram a salvaguarda do património em Portugal, sobretudo, entre finais de oitocentos e meados do século XX. / The subject of this PhD thesis centres on the polemics which pitted the Tower of Belém against the Belém Gas Factory, from 1888 through the following decades, working as a case study that epitomizes the history of the preservation of built heritage in Lisbon. An original démarche is thus attempted, focusing on a single monument, and doing so throughout six decades and three political regimes – Monarchy, the First Republic and the Estado Novo – introducing us into what appeared to be for us, from the very beginning, “a major moment in the history of heritage” (Chastel and Babelon) in Portugal.
The outlook of this work – which proceeds from a number of novel tendencies in the approach to heritage that have come from France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Spain – has also endeavoured to follow a path that sheds light on the key driving ideas which have defined the historic preservation in Portugal, most notably from the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century.