Agyanka
Agyanka ( Greek: ορφανός, romanized: orphanós) Agyanka yɛ abɔfra a ne maame anaa ne papa awu agya no.[1][2][3]
Ɛyɛ adeɛ a yɛtae de di dwuma , Ɛyɛ abɔfra a nawofoɔ awu na yɛfrɛ no awesia. Sɛ yɛde retoto mmoa ho a, Ɛyɛ deɛ ne maame awu nko ara,(i.e. Sɛ maame no na awu a ne mma no yɛ agyanka mfa ho sɛ papa no te ase).[4]
Agyanka ase kyerɛ
[sesa]Agyanka a ɔwɔ ne maame nna so by Uroš Predić wɔ afe1888.
Nnipakuo bi kyerɛkuerɛ agyanka mu sɛ wɔbɛhu. Nkyerɛkyerɛ mu baako a wɔde di dwuma wɔ United States ne sɛ ɛyɛ obi a nawofoɔ awu anaa ntam atete.
Deɛ edi mu ne sɛ,Agyanka yɛ obi a ɔnni awofoɔ bi a wɔbɛhwɛ wɔn. Nanso, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS(UNAIDS), ne ekuo huu sɛ abɔfra biara wahwere nawofoɔ biara yɛ agyanka. Wei nti abɔfra a ne maame awu yɛ agyanka ɛnna deɛ awofoɔ baanu ne nyinaa awu nso de awesia.
Wɔn dodoɔ
[sesa]Afghan Abeyewa a ɔwɔ Kabul, Afghanistan nnyanka fie wɔ afe Ɔpɛpɔn,2002
Wɔtete Nnyanka wɔ aman a wɔkɔ nkan efiri sɛ abɔfra biara hia asofoɔ na watumi atena ase wɔ wɔn mmɔfra brem. Nnyanko dodoɔ no ara wɔ war-torn nkurom ebi ne Afghanistan.
| Continent | Number of
orphans (1000s) |
Orphans as percentage
of all children |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | 34,294 | 11.9% |
| Asia | 65,504 | 6.5% |
| Latin America & Caribbean | 8,166 | 7.4% |
| Total | 107,964 | 7.6% |
| Country | Orphans as % of all children | AIDS orphans as % of orphans | Total orphans | Total orphans (AIDS related) | Maternal (total) | Maternal (AIDS related) | Paternal (total) | Paternal (AIDS related) | Double (total) | Double (AIDS related) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Botswana(1990) | 5.9 | 3.0 | 34,000 | 1,000 | 14,000 | < 100 | 23,000 | 1,000 | 2,000 | < 100 |
| Botswana (1995) | 8.3 | 33.7 | 55,000 | 18,000 | 19,000 | 7,000 | 37,000 | 13,000 | 5,000 | 3,000 |
| Botswana (2001) | 15.1 | 70.5 | 98,000 | 69,000 | 69,000 | 58,000 | 91,000 | 69,000 | 62,000 | 61,000 |
| Lesotho(1990) | 10.6 | 2.9 | 73,000 | < 100 | 31,000 | < 100 | 49,000 | < 100 | 8,000 | < 100 |
| Lesotho (1995) | 10.3 | 5.5 | 77,000 | 4,000 | 31,000 | 1,000 | 52,000 | 4,000 | 7,000 | 1,000 |
| Lesotho (2001) | 17.0 | 53.5 | 137,000 | 73,000 | 66,000 | 38,000 | 108,000 | 63,000 | 37,000 | 32,000 |
| Malawi(1990) | 11.8 | 5.7 | 524,000 | 30,000 | 233,000 | 11,000 | 346,000 | 23,000 | 55,000 | 6,000 |
| Malawi (1995) | 14.2 | 24.6 | 664,000 | 163,000 | 305,000 | 78,000 | 442,000 | 115,000 | 83,000 | 41,000 |
| Malawi (2001) | 17.5 | 49.9 | 937,000 | 468,000 | 506,000 | 282,000 | 624,000 | 315,000 | 194,000 | 159,000 |
| Uganda(1990) | 12.2 | 17.4 | 1,015,000 | 177,000 | 437,000 | 72,000 | 700,000 | 138,000 | 122,000 | 44,000 |
| Uganda (1995) | 14.9 | 42.4 | 1,456,000 | 617,000 | 720,000 | 341,000 | 1,019,000 | 450,000 | 282,000 | 211,000 |
| Uganda (2001) | 14.6 | 51.1 | 1,731,000 | 884,000 | 902,000 | 517,000 | 1,144,000 | 581,000 | 315,000 | 257,000 |
- 2001 figures from 2002 UNICEF/UNAIDS report
- China: A survey conducted by the Ministry of Civil Affairs in 2005 showed that China has about 573,000 orphans below 18 years old.
- Russia: According to Russian reports from 2002 cited in the New York Times, 650,000 children are housed in orphanages. They are released at age 16, and 40% become homeless, while 30% become criminals or commit suicide.
- Latin America: Street children have a major presence in Latin America; some estimate that there are as many as 40 million street children in Latin America. Although not all street children are orphans, all street children work and many do not have significant family support.
- United States: About 2 million children in the United States (or about 2.7 percent of children) have a deceased mother or father. About 100,000 children have lost both parents.
Abakwasɛm
[sesa]Akoo, Nsaayadeɛ (Sɛ ebia AIDS), Nsaayadeɛ ne Ohia[5] na ama mmɔfra pii Naa yɛ nnyanka. Wiase ako a ɛtɔ so mmienu (1939-1945), ɛmu nnipa dodoɔ no ara na ɛwuiɛ , maa no gyaa nnyanka bebree wɔ Aman hodoɔ so—Europe wɔn bɛyɛ 1,000,000 Kɔpem 13,000,000. Judt (2006) Nnyanka bɛyɛ 9,000 na ɛwɔo Czechoslovakia, 60,000 nso wɔ Netherlands 300,000 Wɔ Poland Ɛna 200,000 nso wɔ Yugoslavia, ɛna ebi nso wɔ, Germany, Italy, China ne nkuro afoforɔ so.[6]
Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
[sesa]- ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan#cite_note-1
- ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan#cite_note-2
- ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan#cite_note-3
- ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan#cite_note-4
- ↑ Roman, Nicoleta (8 November 2017). "Introduction". In Roman, Nicoleta (ed.). Orphans and Abandoned Children in European History: Sixteenth to Twentieth Centuries. Routledge Studies in Modern European History. Abingdon: Routledge (published 2017). ISBN 9781351628839. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
The industrial revolution touched both villages and cities, with migration from one to the other going hand-in-hand with urban overpopulation and severe poverty. Urban population growth also led to an increase in abandonment, the poor swinging between finding work, begging or claiming social assistance from the State as a means of integrating themselves and their family, including their children, into society.
- ↑ For a high estimate see I.C.B. Dear and M.R.D. Foot, eds. The Oxford companion to World War II (1995) p. 208; for lower, see Tony Judt, Postwar: a history of Europe since 1945 (2006) p. 21.