Kültürel evrim

Kültürel evrim, sosyal değişimin evrimsel bir teorisidir. Kültürün ne olduğu, tanımından, "bireylerin davranışlarını etkileme yeteneğine sahip olan ve türlerinin diğer üyelerinden öğrenim, taklit ve diğer sosyal aktarım biçimleri yoluyla edindikleri bilgi" olarak anlaşılmaktadır.^[1] Kültürel evrim, bu bilgilerin zaman içindeki değişimidir.^[2]

Tarihî olarak sosyokültürel evrim olarak da bilinen kültürel evrim, ilk olarak 19. yüzyılda antropologlar tarafından Charles Darwin'in evrim araştırmasından yola çıkarak geliştirildi. Günümüzde kültürel evrim, antropoloji, ekonomi, psikoloji ve organizyonel çalışmalar da dahil olmak üzere sosyal bilimlerde büyüyen bir bilimsel araştırma alanının temeli haline geldi. Önceden sosyal değişimin biyolojik adaptasyonlardan kaynaklandığına inanılıyordu fakat antropologlar artık sosyal değişimlerin, sosyal, evrimsel ve biyolojik etkilerin toplamının bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıktığını kabul etmektedirler.^[3]^[3]

İkili kalıtım teorisi, sosyokültürel evrim, memetik, kültürel evrimcilik ve kültürel seçilim teorisinin diğer çeşitleri de dahil olmak üzere, kültürel evrim çalışmasına bir dizi farklı yaklaşım getirilmiştir. Yaklaşımlar yalnızca gelişim tarihleri ve disiplinsel kökenleri açısından değil, kültürel evrim sürecini nasıl kavramsallaştırdıkları ve kültürel evrim üzerine çalışmaya uyguladıkları varsayımlar, teoriler ve yöntemler açısından da farklılık gösterir. Son yıllarda, kültürel evrim ile ilgili teorilerde, kültürel evrimi kendi başına birleşik bir disiplin olarak görmeye yönelik bir yakınlaşma olmuştur.^[4]^[5]

Kaynakça

^ J., Richerson, Peter (2005). Not by genes alone : how culture transformed human evolution. Boyd, Robert, 1948-. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226712840. OCLC 54806438.
^ "What is Cultural Evolution". 13 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Haziran 2018.
^ ^a ^b "cultural evolution | social science". Encyclopedia Britannica. 5 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Mart 2017.
^ Mesoudi, Alex; Whiten, Andrew; Laland, Kevin N. (1 Ağustos 2006). "Towards a unified science of cultural evolution". The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 29 (4). ss. 329-347; discussion 347-383. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.612.2415 $2. doi:10.1017/S0140525X06009083. ISSN 0140-525X. PMID 17094820.
^ Mesoudi, Alex (2011). Cultural Evolution: How Darwinian theory can explain human culture and synthesize the social sciences. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226520445.

Bibliyografya

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Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

İlk temel kitaplar

Culture and the Evolutionary Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1985.
Cultural Transmission and Evolution: A Quantitative Approach, Princeton. NJ: Princeton University Press. 1981.
Dawkins, R (1976). The Selfish Gene. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
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Waddington, C. H. (1977). Tools for Thought: How to Understand and Apply the Latest Scientific Techniques of Problem Solving. New York: Basic Books.

Modern inceleme kitapları

Mesoudi, A (2011). Cultural evolution: how Darwinian theory can explain human culture and synthesize the social sciences. University of Chicago Press
Distin, K (2005). The selfish meme: A critical reassessment. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
Distin, K (2010). Cultural evolution. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
Henrich, J (2015). The Secret of Our Success: How Culture is Driving Human Evolution, Domesticating Our Species, and Making Us Smarter. Princeton UK: Princeton University Press.
Richerson, P.J. and Christiansen, M., K (2013). Cultural Evolution: Society, Technology, Language, and Religion. The MIT Press.

Evrimsel ekonomide

Aldrich, H. E.; Hodgson, G. M; Hull, D. L.; Knudsen, T.; Mokyr, J.; Vanberg, V. (2008). "In defence of generalized Darwinism". Journal of Evolutionary Economics. 18 (5). ss. 577-596. doi:10.1007/s00191-008-0110-z. hdl:2299/5447.
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Hodgson, G. M.; Knudsen, T. (2006). "Dismantling Lamarckism: why descriptions of socio-economic evolution as Lamarckian are misleading". Journal of Evolutionary Economics. 16 (4). ss. 343-366. doi:10.1007/s00191-006-0019-3. hdl:2299/3281.
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Wilson, D.S.; Ostrom, E; Cox, M.E. (2013). "Generalizing the core design principles for the efficacy of groups". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Cilt 90, supplement. ss. S21-S32. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2012.12.010.

Evrimsel biyolojide

Jablonka, E., Lamb, M.J., (2014). Evolution in Four Dimensions, revised edition: Genetic, Epigenetic, Behavioral, and Symbolic Variation in the History of Life. MIT Press.
Gould, S. J.; Vrba, E. S. (1982). "Exaptation – a missing term in the science of form". Paleobiology. 8 (8). ss. 4-15. doi:10.1017/S0094837300004310.

Yüksek profilli deneysel çalışma

Murmann, P. J. (2013). "The coevolution of industries and important features of their environments". Organization Science. Cilt 24. ss. 58-78. doi:10.1287/orsc.1110.0718.
Chen, M. K. (2013). "The Effect of Language on Economic Behavior: Evidence from Savings Rates, Health Behaviors, and Retirement Assets". American Economic Review. 103 (2). ss. 690-731. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.371.3223 $2. doi:10.1257/aer.103.2.690. PMID 29524925.

Organizasyonel çalışmalarda

Baldwin, J.; Anderssen, C. R.; Ridgway, K. (2013). "Hierarchical and cladistic classifications of manufacturing systems: a basis for applying generalised Darwinism?". Paper presented at the annual meeting of the European Academy of Management. İstanbul.
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Reydon, A. C.; Scholz, M. T. (2009). "Why organizational ecology is not a Darwinian research program". Philosophy of the Social Sciences. 39 (3). ss. 408-439. doi:10.1177/0048393108325331. 23 Nisan 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Aralık 2022.
Reydon, A. C.; Scholz, M. T. (2014). "Darwinism and organizational ecology: a case of incompleteness or incompatibility?". Philosophy of the Social Sciences. 44 (3). ss. 365-374. doi:10.1177/0048393113491634. 17 Kasım 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Aralık 2022.
Richerson, P. J.; Collins, D.; Genet, R. M. (2006). "Why managers need an evolutionary theory of organizations". Strategic Organization. 4 (2). ss. 201-211. doi:10.1177/1476127006064069.
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Scholz, M. T.; Reydon, A. C. (2013). "On the explanatory power of generalized Darwinism: Missing items on the research agenda". Organization Studies. 34 (7). ss. 993-999. doi:10.1177/0170840613485861. 17 Kasım 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Aralık 2022.
Stoelhorst, J. W.; Richerson, P. J. (2013). "A naturalistic theory of economic organization". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Cilt 90. ss. S45-S56. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2012.12.012.
Sammut-Bonnici, T.; Wensley, R. (2002). "Darwinism, probability and complexity: market-based organizational transformation and change explained through the theories of evolution" (PDF). International Journal of Management Reviews. 4 (3). ss. 291-315. doi:10.1111/1468-2370.00088. 6 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 17 Aralık 2022.
Terreberry, S. (1968). "The evolution of organizational environments". Administrative Science Quarterly. 12 (4). ss. 590-613. doi:10.2307/2391535. JSTOR 2391535.

Örgütsel memetik

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). "Society, culture, and person: a systems view of creativity". Sternberg, R. J (Ed.). The Nature of Creativity: Contemporary Psychological Perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press. ss. 325-39.
Price, I (1995). "Organisational memetics?: Organisational learning as a selection process" (PDF). Management Learning. 26 (3). ss. 299-318. doi:10.1177/1350507695263002. 11 Kasım 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 17 Aralık 2022.
Deacon, T. W. (1999). "Memes as Signs in the Dynamic Logic of Semiosis: Molecular Science meets Computation Theory".
Lord, A. S.; Price, I. (2001). "Reconstruction of organisational phylogeny from memetic similarity analysis: Proof of feasibility". Journal of Memetics—Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission. 5 (2).
Hodgson, G. M.; Knudsen, T. (2008). "Information, complexity and generative replication". Biology and Philosophy. Cilt 43. ss. 47-65. doi:10.1007/s10539-007-9073-y. hdl:2299/3277.
Langrish, J. Z. (2004). "Darwinian Design: The Memetic Evolution of Design Ideas". Design Issues. 20 (4). ss. 4-19. doi:10.1162/0747936042311968.
Weeks, J.; Galunic, C. (2003). "A theory of the cultural evolution of the firm: The intra-organizational ecology of memes". Organization Studies. 24 (8). ss. 1309-1352. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.126.6468 $2. doi:10.1177/01708406030248005.

Evrimsel dilbilim

Kirby, S. (2007). "The evolution of language". Dunbar, R; Barret, L. (Ed.). Oxford handbook of evolutionary psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ss. 669-681.
Feldman, C. F. (1987). "Thought from Language: the linguistic construction of cognitive representations". Bruner, J.; Haste, H. (Ed.). Making.

Dış bağlantılar

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/evolution-cultural/ 12 Ocak 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
Cultural Evolution Society 11 Şubat 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.

[1] J., Richerson, Peter (2005). Not by genes alone : how culture transformed human evolution. Boyd, Robert, 1948-. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226712840. OCLC 54806438.

[2] "What is Cultural Evolution". 13 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Haziran 2018.

[:13-3] "cultural evolution | social science". Encyclopedia Britannica. 5 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Mart 2017.

[4] Mesoudi, Alex; Whiten, Andrew; Laland, Kevin N. (1 Ağustos 2006). "Towards a unified science of cultural evolution". The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 29 (4). ss. 329-347; discussion 347-383. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.612.2415 $2. doi:10.1017/S0140525X06009083. ISSN 0140-525X. PMID 17094820.

[5] Mesoudi, Alex (2011). Cultural Evolution: How Darwinian theory can explain human culture and synthesize the social sciences. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226520445.

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