แม่แบบ:Citation
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The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, this template can be used either in a footnote (between <ref>...</ref>
tags) or in a section that lists sources. This template uses the same Lua code as citation style 1 (CS1) templates with parameters to change the displayed format to citation style 2 (CS2).
If the correct parameters are used, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}, with one important exception: By default, this Citation template uses commas in places where the Cite templates use periods (full stops) by default; either type of template can use periods (full stops) or commas by using an optional parameter. Also, this template by default generates anchors for Harvard references whereas the Cite templates by default do not (although they can be made to do so).
Regardless of which citation templates are used or even if none are used at all, all citations should have the same format throughout an article in the saved, rendered text.
Note: All parameter names must be lowercase.
การอ้างอิงอย่างง่าย
แก้This section covers the most commonly used parameters. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra parameters from the full list. Spacing and ordering of the parameters within the template is irrelevant and does not affect the final, rendered text.
{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |accessdate= }}
{{Citation | last = | first = | year = | title = | publisher = | publication-place = | page = | url = | accessdate = }} |
- last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with the author parameter.
- first: The author's first or given name(s).
- year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation, unless
|date=
specifies both month and year. - title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
- publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g. Newsweek, Billboard).
- publication-place (or place or location): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g. The New York Times, The Times of India)
- page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
- url: A url of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22".
- accessdate: Date[n 1] when the url was accessed.
ตัวอย่าง
แก้{{Citation | last = Turner | first = Orsamus | title = History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve | publisher = William Alling | place = Rochester, New York | year = 1851 | ol = 7120924W }} |
Turner, Orsamus (1851), History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling, OL 7120924W |
พารามิเตอร์ทั้งหมด
แก้These can be used for all types of publication except patents. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.
{{Citation | author = | last = | first = | author2 = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link = | author2-link = | author-separator = | author-name-separator = | author-mask = | display-authors = | editor = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor2 = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | editor-link = | editor2-link = | translator-last = | translator-first = | translator-link = | translator2-last = | translator2-first = | translator2-link = | others = | publication-date = | date = | year = | origyear = | title = | chapter = | chapter-url = | chapter-format = | contribution = | contribution-url = | type = | journal = | periodical = | newspaper = | magazine = | encyclopedia = | work = | edition = | series = | volume = | issue = | publisher = | publication-place = | place = | language = | page = | pages = | nopp = | at = | id = | isbn = | issn = | oclc = | pmid = | pmc = | bibcode = | doi = | doi-inactive-date= | zbl = | url = | accessdate = | format = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | dead-url = | quote = | layurl = | laysource = | laydate = | separator = | postscript = | ref = }} |
พารามิเตอร์
แก้วากยสัมพันธ์
แก้Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
- parent
- OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
- child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
- OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
- Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.
แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/sep comma
COinS
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/coins
Deprecated
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/deprecated
รายละเอียด
แก้ผู้แต่ง
แก้- last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g.
|author=Bono
). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.- author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.
- first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. Use generational and แม่แบบ:Notatypo suffixes only in accordance with MOS:JRSR and use honorifics only in accordance with MOS:HON.
- OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around).
|first1=...
|last1=...
|author2=...
.
Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use - author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.
- OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
- name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to
amp
,ampersand
, or&
, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand
, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovanc
displays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use thelast
/first
forms of name parameters.
- vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
- author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in
|vauthors=
as described above
- authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
- translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
- translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
- OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
- translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
- OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
- collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
- others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
- Note: When using เชิงอรรถอย่างย่อ or การอ้างอิงในวงเล็บ styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.
บรรณาธิการ
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/editor
ชื่อเรื่อง/หัวเรื่อง
แก้
- title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
- script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
- trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
- script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
- Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
newline | [ | ] | | |
---|---|---|---|
space | [ | ] | {{!}} (preferred)
|
{{bracket|text}} | | or {{pipe}} – |
- title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.
แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/chapter แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/type
- language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples:
|language=ru
;|lang=fr, pt-br
;|lang=รัสเซีย
;|language=ฝรั่งเศส, โปรตุเกส
. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of หมวดหมู่:CS1 แหล่งที่มาภาษาต่างประเทศ. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang
วันที่
แก้- date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date 1] Required when year is used to disambiguate
{{sfn}}
links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.
- For approximate year, precede with "
c.
", like this:|date=c. 1900
.
- For no date, or "undated", add as
|date=n.d.
- year: Year of source being referenced. Use of
|date=
is recommended unless all of the following conditions are met:- The template uses
|ref=harv
, or the template is{{citation}}
, or|mode=cs2
- The
|date=
format is YYYY-MM-DD. - The citation requires a
CITEREF
disambiguator.
- The template uses
- orig-year: Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example:
|orig-year=First published 1859
or|orig-year=Composed 1904
. Alias: origyear - df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
dmy
– set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;mdy
– as above for month day, year formatymd
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DDdmy-all
– set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;mdy-all
– as above for month day, year formatymd-all
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
- ↑ Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.
ประเภทงาน
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/journal
ผู้ตีพิมพ์/เผยแพร่
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/publisher
ฉบับ, ชุด, หมวด
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/edition แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/series แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/volume
In-source locations
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/pages
URL
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/url
Chapter URL
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/chapterurl
Anchor
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/ref2
Identifiers
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/id1 แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/id2
Quote
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/quote
Laysummary
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/lay
Display options
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/display
Subscription or registration required
แก้แม่แบบ:Citation Style documentation/registration
ตัวอย่าง
แก้การอ้างอิงหนังสือ
แก้Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name. | {{Citation | last1 = Lincoln | first1 = A. | last2 = Washington | first2 = G. | last3 = Adams | first3 = J. | name-list-style = amp | title = All the Presidents' Names | publisher = The Pentagon | place = Home Base, New York | volume = XII | edition = 2nd | year = 2007 }} |
Lincoln, A.; Washington, G. & Adams, J. (2007), All the Presidents' Names, vol. XII (2nd ed.), Home Base, New York: The Pentagon |
การอ้างอิงเว็บไซต์
แก้Web page | {{Citation | url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ | title = NPS Focus | work = National Register of Historic Places | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | accessdate = November 30, 2010 | ref = none }} |
"NPS Focus", National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, สืบค้นเมื่อ November 30, 2010 |
Archived page | {{Citation | url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | title = Earth's Atmosphere | accessdate = October 25, 2007 | publisher = [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] | year = 1995 | author = NASA | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http:// liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 }} |
NASA (1995), Earth's Atmosphere, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ October 13, 2007, สืบค้นเมื่อ October 25, 2007 |
การอ้างอิงจากหนังสือพิมพ์ นิตยสาร วารสาร หรือสิ่งพิมพ์รายคาบอื่น ๆ
แก้Journal article | {{Citation | last = Hill | first = Marvin S. | title = Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | year = 1976 | pages = 1–8 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf }} |
Hill, Marvin S. (1976), "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties" (PDF), BYU Studies, 12 (2): 1–8 |
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier | {{Citation | last1 = Mandelkern | first1 = M, | last2 = Elias | first2 = J, | last3 = Eden | first3 = D, | last4 = Crothers | first4 = D | display-authors = 2 | title = The dimensions of DNA in solution | journal = J Mol Biol | volume = 152 | issue = 1 | pages = 153–161 | year = 1981 | pmid = 7338906 | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1 }} |
Mandelkern, M,; Elias, J,; และคณะ (1981), "The dimensions of DNA in solution", J Mol Biol, 152 (1): 153–161, doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1, PMID 7338906{{citation}} : CS1 maint: extra punctuation (ลิงก์)
|
Newspaper article | {{Citation | last = Smith | first = Joseph III | author-link = Joseph Smith III | title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma | newspaper = The Saints' Herald | publication-place = Plano, IL | volume = 26 | issue = 19 | date = October 1, 1879 | page = 289 | url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/ IL/sain1872.htm#100179 }} |
Smith, Joseph III (October 1, 1879), "Last Testimony of Sister Emma", The Saints' Herald, Plano, IL, vol. 26 no. 19, p. 289 |
การอ้างอิงบันทึกการประชุมและการบรรยายสาธารณะ
แก้Conference paper | {{Citation | last = Sullivan | first = D.B. | contribution = Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years | year = 2001 | title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. | publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology | contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf | chapter-format = PDF }} |
Sullivan, D.B. (2001), "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years" (PDF), 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp., National Institute of Standards and Technology |
Lecture | {{Citation | last = Habicht | first = Christian | contribution = Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers | year = 1988 | title = David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World | publisher = Princeton University | page=14 }} |
Habicht, Christian (1988), "Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers", David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World, Princeton University, p. 14 |
การอ้างอิงบางตอนจากหนังสือ รวมถึงบทความในสารานุกรม
แก้Manuscript published in an edited compilation | {{Citation | last = Bidamon | first = Emma Smith | author-link = Emma Hale Smith | chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim | date = March 27, 1876 | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | publication-date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }} |
Bidamon, Emma Smith (March 27, 1876), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", ใน Vogel, Dan (บ.ก.), Early Mormon Documents, vol. 1, Signature Books (ตีพิมพ์ 1996), ISBN 1-56085-072-8 |
Work with an editor but no author | {{Citation | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | publication-date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }} |
Vogel, Dan, บ.ก. (1996), Early Mormon Documents, vol. 1, Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-072-8 |
Encyclopedia article by a named author | {{Citation | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | year=1999 | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | location = London | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }} |
Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", ใน Boyd, Kelley (บ.ก.), Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720 |
Encyclopedia article with no named author | {{Citation | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | year = 1999 | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | location = London | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }} |
Boyd, Kelley, บ.ก. (1999), "Bernard Lewis", Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720 |
Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article
แก้Manuscript edited and published in a journal | {{Citation | last = Knight | first = Joseph, Sr. | year = 1833 | editor-last = Jessee | editor-first = Dean | title = Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | publication-date = 1976 | page = 35 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf }} |
Knight, Joseph, Sr. (1833), Jessee, Dean (บ.ก.), "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History" (PDF), BYU Studies (ตีพิมพ์ 1976), 17 (1): 35 |
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor. | {{Citation | last = Klingensmith | first = Philip | type = Affidavit | date = September 5, 1872 | place = Lincoln County, Nevada | title = Mountain Meadows Massacre | editor-last = Toohy | editor-first = Dennis J. | journal = Corinne Daily Reporter | publication-date = September 24, 1872 | publication-place = Corinne, Utah | volume = 5 | issue = 252 | page = 1 | url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359 }} |
Klingensmith, Philip (September 5, 1872), written at Lincoln County, Nevada, Toohy, Dennis J. (บ.ก.), "Mountain Meadows Massacre", Corinne Daily Reporter (Affidavit), Corinne, Utah (ตีพิมพ์ September 24, 1872), 5 (252): 1 |
การอ้างอิงข่าวแจก/ข่าวประชาสัมพันธ์ (Press release)
แก้Press release with quotation | {{Citation | url = https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html | title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day | publisher = Apple Inc | accessdate = April 10, 2010 | quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3 | ref = none}} |
Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day, Apple Inc, สืบค้นเมื่อ April 10, 2010, in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3 |
การอ้างอิงแบบปักหมุด (anchored citations)
แก้This template can generate a citation that can be combined with shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing. It does this by creating an HTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter |ref=harv
generates an ID suitable for Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} as specified in the next section; this is the default for the {{citation}} template.
To disable anchor generation, specify |ref=none
(in contrast, other Cite templates such as {{cite book}} and {{cite news}} do not create an anchor by default). You can also specify the ID directly, using the |ref=ID
parameter. For example, suppose an article's References section contains the markup:
{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}
which generates the citation:
- Sigmund Freud (1930), Civilization and Its Discontents
Then, the markup "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])
" generates a parenthetical reference "(Freud 1930)" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).
Anchors for Harvard referencing templates
แก้IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors (or editors, if no authors are given) and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}
" generates the Harvard reference "(Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix)", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:
{{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
- Wright, Thomas; Evans, R. H. (1851), Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray, London: Henry G. Bohn, OCLC 59510372
In this example the {{citation}} template defines, and the {{harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851
", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF
" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, {{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}
generates "CITEREFWrightEvans1851
".
Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{harvnb}} template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the {{sfn}} template alone. The example above would be <ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref>
or {{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}
both of which generate a footnote, such as
- 17. Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix
The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead. For patents, inventor names are used instead of authors or editors. If these names are not given, this template does not generate an anchor.
Last names are used, as specified by the parameters |last1=
(or |last=
), |last2=
, |last3=
, and |last4=
, and similarly for |editor1-last=
etc. and for |inventor1-last=
etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation | author = Sigmund Freud | title = The Ego and the Id | year = 1923}}
" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}
". To make these {{citation}} and {{harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "|author=Sigmund Freud
" with "|first=Sigmund
|last=Freud
", or add "|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}
" to the {{citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|ref=EgoId
") to both the {{citation}} and the {{harv}} invocations.
Similarly, the year is used, as specified by |year=
. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from |date=
(or, if no date is given, from |publication-date=
) by applying the MediaWiki § Time function. This heuristic works with many common date formats (American, International and ISO 8601 standard format YYYY-MM-DD as listed in WP:MOS), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use |year=
. Note that if only a year, say 2005, is known you must use |year=2005
rather than |date=2005
.
IDs must be unique
แก้Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{harv}}-compatible IDs:
- Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (2008a), "Association of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Loss of Family Income", Pediatrics, 121 (4): e821–e826, doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1594, PMID 18381511
- Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (2008b), "Child Care Problems and Employment Among Families with Preschool-aged Children with Autism in the United States", Pediatrics, 122 (1): e202–e208, doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3037, PMID 18595965
If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008
". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g. "|year=2008a
" and "|year=2008b
", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.
It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see External links.
วันที่
แก้- ↑ The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include:
- 2009
- 2009-09-14 (ISO 8601 standard format: YYYY-MM-DD)
- 14 September 2009
- September 14, 2009 (with comma)
- September 2009
เครื่องมือ
แก้See Wikipedia:Citing sources § Citation templates and tools for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.
TemplateData
แก้![]() | This template data section needs to be edited. It includes deprecated parameters and does not include parameters that were added in the Lua updates. It also includes a mix of patent and non-patent parameters. |
ข้อมูลแม่แบบสำหรับ Citation (ยังไม่มีการตรวจสอบ)
The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.
พารามิเตอร์ | คำอธิบาย | ชนิด | สถานะ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Last name | last author author1 authors last1 | The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | บรรทัด | แนะนำ |
First name | first first1 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | บรรทัด | แนะนำ |
title of source | title | Title of source; displays in italics. | สตริง | จำเป็น |
date of source | date | Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations.[1] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
url of source | url | URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Work | work journal website newspaper magazine encyclopedia encyclopaedia dictionary mailinglist | Name of the work in which the cited title is found | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Volume | volume | For one publication published in several volumes | บรรทัด | แนะนำ |
Issue | issue number | Issue number | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Page | page | Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Pages | pages | Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.' | บรรทัด | แนะนำ |
Patent Number | patent-number | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Description | description | Type of patent; shown between country code and number. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Publication Date | publication-date pubdate | Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Issue Date | issue-date | Date patent was issued by patent agency. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Date format | df | Sets rendered dates to the specified format | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Year of publication | year | Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed | จำนวน | เลือกได้ |
Postscript | postscript | Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Editor last name | editor-last editor editor-surname editor-last1 editor-surname1 editor1 editor1-last editor1-surname editors | The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors | ไม่ทราบชนิด | เลือกได้ |
Editor first name | editor-first editor-first1 editor-given1 editor1-first editor1-given | The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors | ไม่ทราบชนิด | เลือกได้ |
Author Mask | author-mask authormask | Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Original year | orig-year origyear | Original year of publication; provide specifics | จำนวน | เลือกได้ |
Translated title | trans-title trans_title | An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | เนื้อหา | เลือกได้ |
Translated chapter title | trans-chapter trans_chapter | An English language chapter title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | เนื้อหา | เลือกได้ |
Type | type | Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case | เนื้อหา | เลือกได้ |
Archive URL | archive-url archiveurl | The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate' | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Dead URL | dead-url deadurl | If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Series | series version | Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version' | เนื้อหา | เลือกได้ |
periodical | periodical | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
At | at | May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
No pp | nopp | Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Chapter | chapter | The chapter heading of the source | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
contribution | contribution | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
chapter-url | chapter-url chapterurl | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
contribution-url | contribution-url | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
chapter-format | chapter-format | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
others | others | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Edition | edition | When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.' | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Location of publication | place location | Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Place of publication | publication-place | Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' | เนื้อหา | เลือกได้ |
Publisher | publisher | Name of the publisher; displays after title | เนื้อหา | เลือกได้ |
in | in | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Language | language | The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates | เนื้อหา | เลือกได้ |
Format | format | Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML | เนื้อหา | เลือกได้ |
arXiv identifier | arxiv | An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
ASIN | asin ASIN | Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
ASIN TLD | asin-tld | ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Bibcode | bibcode | Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
biorXiv | biorxiv | biorXiv identifier; 6 digits | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
CiteSeerX | citeseerx | CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
DOI | doi DOI | Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
doi_inactivedate | doi_inactivedate | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
DOI broken date | doi-broken-date | The date that the DOI was determined to be broken | วันที่ | เลือกได้ |
ISBN | isbn | International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
ISSN | issn | International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
eISSN | eissn | International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
jfm code | jfm | Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
JSTOR | jstor | JSTOR identifier | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
LCCN | lccn | Library of Congress Control Number | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
MR | mr | Mathematical Reviews identifier | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
OCLC | oclc | Online Computer Library Center number | จำนวน | เลือกได้ |
OL | ol | Open Library identifier | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
OSTI | osti | Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
PMC | pmc | PubMed Center article number | จำนวน | เลือกได้ |
PMID | pmid | PubMed Unique Identifier | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
RFC | rfc | Request for Comments number | จำนวน | เลือกได้ |
SSRN | ssrn | Social Science Research Network | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Zbl | zbl | Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
id | id | A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Quote | quote | Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation | เนื้อหา | เลือกได้ |
Ref | ref | An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
URL access date | access-date accessdate | The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink | วันที่ | เลือกได้ |
Lay URL | laysummary layurl lay-url | URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Lay source | lay-source laysource | Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Lay date | lay-date laydate | Date of the summary; displays in parentheses | วันที่ | เลือกได้ |
Author name separator | author-name-separator | Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as  
| บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Last author ampersand | last-author-amp lastauthoramp | When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space' | ตรรกะ | เลือกได้ |
Display authors | displayauthors display-authors | number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; | จำนวน | เลือกได้ |
Archive date | archive-date archivedate | Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink | วันที่ | เลือกได้ |
inventor-last | inventor-last inventor-surname inventor-last1 inventor invent-1 invent1 inventor1-surname | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
inventor2-last | inventor2-last inventor2 invent2 inventor2-surname | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
inventor3-last | inventor3-last inventor3 invent3 inventor3-surname | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
inventor4-last | inventor4-last inventor4 invent4 inventor4-surname | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
inventor-first | inventor-first inventor1-first inventor-given inventor1-given | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
inventor2-first | inventor2-first inventor2-given | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
inventor3-first | inventor3-first inventor3-given | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
inventor4-first | inventor4-first inventor4-given | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
inventorlink | inventorlink inventorlink1 | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
inventorlink2 | inventorlink2 | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
inventorlink3 | inventorlink3 | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
inventorlink4 | inventorlink4 | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Last name 2 | last2 author2 surname2 | The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
First name 2 | first2 given2 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Last name 3 | last3 author3 surname3 | The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
First name 3 | first3 given3 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Last name 4 | last4 author4 surname4 | The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
First name 4 | first4 given4 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Last name 5 | last5 author5 surname5 | The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
First name 5 | first5 given5 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Last name 6 | last6 author6 surname6 | The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
First name 6 | first6 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Last name 7 | last7 author7 surname7 | The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
First name 7 | first7 given7 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Last name 8 | last8 author8 surname8 | The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
First name 8 | first8 given8 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Last name 9 | last9 author9 surname9 | The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
First name 9 | first9 given9 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Author link | author-link authorlink author1-link authorlink1 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Author link 2 | author-link2 author2-link authorlink2 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Author link 3 | author-link3 author3-link authorlink3 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Author link 4 | author-link4 author4-link authorlink4 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the forth author. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Author link 5 | author-link5 author5-link authorlink5 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Author link 6 | author-link6 author6-link authorlink6 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Author link 7 | author-link7 author7-link authorlink7 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Author link 8 | author-link8 author8-link authorlink8 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Author link 9 | author-link9 author9-link authorlink9 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Coauthor | coauthor | Coauthor | สตริง | เลิกใช้แล้ว |
Coauthors | coauthors | Coauthors | สตริง | เลิกใช้แล้ว |
Editor last name 2 | editor2-last editor2 | The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor first name 2 | editor2-first editor2-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor last name 3 | editor3-last editor3 | The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor first name 3 | editor3-first editor3-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor last name 4 | editor4-last editor4 | The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor first name 4 | editor4-first editor4-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor last name 5 | editor5-last editor5 | The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor first name 5 | editor5-first editor5-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor last name 6 | editor6-last editor6 | The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor first name 6 | editor6-first editor6-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor last name 7 | editor7-last editor7 | The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor first name 7 | editor7-first editor7-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor last name 8 | editor8-last editor8 | The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor first name 8 | editor8-first editor8-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor last name 9 | editor9-last editor9 | The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
Editor first name 9 | editor9-first editor9-given | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink. | บรรทัด | เลือกได้ |
editor-link | editor-link | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
editor1-link | editor1-link | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
editor2-link | editor2-link | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
editor3-link | editor3-link | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
editor4-link | editor4-link | ไม่มีคำอธิบาย | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator last name | translator-last translator translator-last1 translator1 translator1-last | The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator first name | translator-first translator1-first translator-first1 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator link | translator-link translator-link1 translator1-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Translator last name 2 | translator-last2 translator2 translator2-last | The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator first name 2 | translator-first2 translator2-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator last name 3 | translator-last3 translator3 translator3-last | The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator first name 3 | translator-first3 translator3-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator last name 4 | translator-last4 translator4 translator4-last | The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator first name 4 | translator-first4 translator4-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator last name 5 | translator-last5 translator5 translator5-last | The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator first name 5 | translator-first5 translator5-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator last name 6 | translator-last6 translator6 translator6-last | The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator first name 6 | translator-first6 translator6-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator last name 7 | translator-last7 translator7 translator7-last | The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator first name 7 | translator-first7 translator7-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator last name 8 | translator-last8 translator8 translator8-last | The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator first name 8 | translator-first8 translator8-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator last name 9 | translator-last9 translator9 translator9-last | The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator first name 9 | translator-first9 translator9-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. | สตริง | เลือกได้ |
Translator link 2 | translator-link2 translator2-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Translator link 3 | translator-link3 translator3-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Translator link 4 | translator-link4 translator4-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Translator link 5 | translator-link5 translator5-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Translator link 6 | translator-link6 translator6-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Translator link 7 | translator-link7 translator7-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Translator link 8 | translator-link8 translator8-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Translator link 9 | translator-link9 translator9-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator. | ชื่อหน้า | เลือกได้ |
Country Code | country-code | Two-letter abbreviation of the country issuing the patent. | ไม่ทราบชนิด | เลือกได้ |
This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.
ดูเพิ่ม
แก้- วิกิพีเดีย:การอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มา
- Wikipedia:Citation templates (อังกฤษ)
- Wikipedia:Inline citation (อังกฤษ)
- Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing (อังกฤษ)
- เปรียบระหว่างการอ้างอิงด้วยการเขียนมือเปล่า กับการใช้แม่แบบอ้างอิง Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods หัวข้อ "Full references in footnotes" (อังกฤษ)
คู่มือการใช้งานที่ปรากฏด้านบนนี้ดึงมาจาก แม่แบบ:Citation/doc (แก้ | ประวัติ) ผู้เขียนสามารถทำการทดลองได้ที่กระบะทราย (สร้าง | คัดลอก) และชุดทดสอบ (สร้าง) ของแม่แบบนี้ โปรดเพิ่มหมวดหมู่ไปที่หน้าย่อย /doc หน้าย่อยของแม่แบบนี้ |