Sinamoi Amrikoi Lotinī

Sinamoi Amrikoi Lotinī — umuman ba istehsoli filmho va sohahoi sinamoi Amrikoi Lotinī işora mekunad. Sinamoi Amrikoi Lotinī ham boj va gunogun ast, ammo markazhoi asosiji istehsolot Argentina, Brazilija va Meksika meboşand. Pas az çorī şudani sado sinamoi Amrikoi Lotinī ruşd kard, ki baroi sodiroti filmi Hollivud dar çanubi sarhad moneai lingvistī eçod kard.

Ta'rix

Pajdoişi filmhoi barvaqtī odatan bo Salvador Toskano Barragan aloqamand ast. Soli 1898 Toskano filmi dujumi Meksikaro bo sjuƶet bo nomi "Don Juan Tenorio" tahija namudaast. Dar davomi Inqilobi Meksika, Toskano jakcand sahnahoi çanghoro sabt kard, ki onho dar soli 1950 filmi purrai huççatī şudaed, ki onzoro duxtaraş çam' ovardaast. Digar filmhoi kūtoh az çonibi filmsozoni faronsavī tahija şudaand. Filmhoi Meksika az davrai tiloī dar solhoi 1940-um va 1950-um namunahoi nazarrasi sinamoi Amrikoi Lotinī meboşand. Filmhoi Meksika dar tamomi Amrikoi Lotinī va Avrupo sodir va namoiş doda şudand. Filmi "Maria Candelaria" (1944)-i Emilio Fernandes, dar Çaşnvorai Kann sohibi Palme D'Or gardid. Hunarpeşahoi maşhur az in davra Marija Feliks, Pedro Infante, Dolores del Rio, Xorxe Negret va haçvnigor Kantinflas meboşand.

Dar solhoi 1950 va 1960 harakat ba sūi sinamoi sejum bo sarvariji filmsozoni Argentina Fernando Solanas va Oktavio Xetino dida meşud.

Dar Brazilija çunbişi Cinema Novo tarzi xosi filmhoro bo senarijahoi tanqidī va zehnī, akshoi ravşantare, ki bo nuri berunī dar manzarai tropikī aloqamandand va pajomi sijosī eçod kardand. Filmi "O Pagador de Promessas" (1962) az çonibi Anselmo Duarte, dar Çaşnvorai Kanni soli 1962 sohibi Palme d'Or gardid va avvalin (va to imrūz jagona) filmi brazilijagī bud, ki ba in muvaffaqijat noil gardid^[1]. Pas az jak sol, on incunin avvalin filmi Brazilija va Amrikoi Çanubī şud, ki ba çoizai Oskar baroi behtarin filmi xoriçī peşnihod şudaast. Korgardon Glauber Roşa şaxsijati kalidiji çunbişi Sinamoi Novui Brazilija bud, ki bo trilogijai filmhoi sijosī şinoxta şudaast: Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol, Terra em Transe (1967) va O Dragão da Maldade Contra o Santo Guerreiro (1969), ki vaj dar kinofestivali Kann çoizai behtarin korgardonro ba dast ovardaast.

Dar Kolumbija, Karlos Mejolo, Luis Ospina va Andres Kajsedo jak çunbişi alternativiro rohbarī kardand, ki bojad ta'siri doimī doşta boşand va "Guruo de Kali" -ro ta'sis dodand, ki onro Kalivud menomidand va ba'ze filmhoro hamcun eksponathoi "Sinamoi navi Amrikoi Lotinī" dar solhoi 1960 tahija mekardand va solhoi 1970, az çumla Oiga, Vea, Agarrando pueblo. Pura sangre (Ospina) va "Carne de tu carne" (Mejolo) dar solhoi 1980 istehsol şuda budand va ba estetikai gunogun taalluq dorand^[2].

Pas az inqilobi Kuba sinamoi Kuba az dastgiriji rasmiji zijod barxūrdor bud va tahijagaroni muhimi sinamo Tomas Guterres Alea meboşand.

Dar Argentina, pas az jak silsilafilmi hukumathoi harbī, ki dar maçmū' farhangro ba zançir andoxtand, sanoat pas az diktaturai harbiji solhoi 1976-1983 dubora pajdo şud va "The Official Story" - ro dar soli 1985 tahija kard va avvalin tanho se filmi Amrikoi Lotinī şud, ki çoizai Akademijaro baroi "Behtarin filmi xoriçī" ba dast ovard. Nomzadhoi digari Argentina were The Truce (1974), Camila (1984), Tango (1998), Son of the Bride (2001), The Secret In Their Eyes (2009, ki on ham çoizaro ba dast ovard) va "Afsonahoi vahşī" (2014) budand.

Ba nazdikī, uslubi navi korgardonī va hikojahoi ba navor giriftaşuda hamcun "Sinamoi navi Amrikoi Lotinī" nomguzorī şudaast, garcande ki in lavha dar solhoi 1960 va 1970 niz istifoda meşud.

Dar Meksika filmhoe az qabili Como agua para chocolate (1992), Cronos (1993), Amores perros (2000), Y tu mamá también (2001), Pan's Labyrinth (2006) va Babel (2006) dar ofaridani hikojahoi universalī dar borai mavzū'hoi muosir, va dar sathi bajnalmilalī e'tirof karda şudand, cunon ki dar çaşnvorai bonufuzi Kann. Korgardonhoi Meksika Alexandro Gonsales Inarritu, Alfonso Kuaron (Harrī Potter va mahbusi Azkaban), Giljermo del Toro va filmnomanavis Giljermo Arriaga ba muvaffaqijat noil gardidand.

Būhroni iqtisodiji Argentina ba istehsoli filmho dar oxiri solhoi 1990-um va avvali solhoi 2000-um ta'sir rasond, ammo bisjor filmhoi argentiniji dar on solho tahijaşuda e'tirofi bajnalmilalī doştand, az çumla "El abrazo partido" (2004), "Roma" (2004) va "Nueve reinas" (2000).

Sanoati muosiri sinamoi Brazilija dar doxili kişvar daromadnoktar gaşt va ba'ze filmhoi on sohibi çoizaho va e'tirof dar Avrupo va IMA gardidand. Filmi mazhakaviji "O Auto da Compadecida" (2000) klassiki sinamoi Brazilija mahsub meşavad va dar kişvar xit bud. Filmhoe ba misli "Istgohi markazī" (1998), "Şahri Xudo" (2002) va "Elite Squad" (2007) dar sarosari çahon muxlison dorand va korgardonhoi on Valter Salles, Fernandu Mejrelliş va Xose Padilja dar loihahoi sinamoi Amrikovu Avrupo şirkat varzidaand. "Istgohi markazī" ba 2 çoizai Oskar dar soli 1999 peşbarī şudaast: Behtarin filmi xoriçī va behtarin hunarpeşa Fernandu Mejrellişro, ki avvalin (va to imrūz jagona) şaxsi brazilijagī, avvalin (va to imrūz jagona) portugalizabon va avvalin latinomarikoī baroi behtarin naqşi zanona peşbarī karda şudaand. Dar soli 2003, "Şahri Xudo" ba 4 çoizai Oskar peşbarī şud: behtarin korgardon, behtarin filmnomai mutobiqşuda, behtarin operator va behtarin tahrir, incunin ba çoizai "Globusi tiloī" baroi behtarin filmi xoriçī peşbarī karda şud. "Elite Squad" dar soli 2008 dar çaşnvorai Berlin "Xirsi tiloī" ba dast ovard.

Dar IMA harakate ba sūi tabliƣ va oşkoro kardani tamoşobinon ba filmsozoni Amrikoi Lotinī ravona şudaast. New England Festival of Ibero American Cinema, ki dar şahri Providens, Rod-Ajlend barguzor şudaast, namunai xubest.

Tibqi guzorişi Global Media Outlook 2019-2023 PWC, sathi istehsolot baroi sohahoi asosiji sinamo dar Amrikoi Lotinī az soli 2014 inçonib tamojuli boloraviro mebinad. To oxiri soli 2018 dar Amrikoi Lotinī 13.464 film mavçud bud. Dar mavridi Argentina 223 film dar soli 2018 ba namoiş guzoşta şud. Dar Peru, bo vuçudi jake az xurdtarin bozorhoi Amrikoi Lotinī, filmhoi xudro ba 661 dar soli 2018 afzoiş dod va to soli 2023 ba 789 merasad. Meksika hamcunon balandtarin miqdori filmhoro dar maçmū' 6,862 film dar hole ki Brazilija bo 3,465 film peşnihod kardaast. Dar robita ba daromadho, loihahoi omūzişī dar mintaqa ruşdi ustuvorro ba sūi 2023 peşbinī mekunand. Intizor meravad, ki xazinai amrikoī az 2,4 milliard dollari dar soli 2018 ba dast ovardaşuda to 3,2 milliard dollar to soli 2023 afzoiş jobad. In sur'ati afzoişi solonai murakkabi 5,7 foizro dar on davra taşkil medihad^[3].

Dar Amrikoi Lotinī dar maçmū', az oxiri solhoi 2010-um ba animatsija tavaççuhi nav pajdo kardaast va festivalhoi Pixelatl-i Meksika iqtidori eçodiji animatorhoro to sathi bajnalmilalī boz kardand. Du şirkati buzurgi animatsioniji Amrikoi Lotinī "Ánima Estudios"-i Meksika va "TV Pinguim" -i Brazilija meboşand. Onho dar jakçojagī bo digar şirkathoi animatsioniji Amrikoi Lotinī, hikojahoero tasvir mekunand, ki dar onho makonhoi ekzotikiji Amrikoi Çanubī, afsonaho va rivojathoi bumī va mavzū'hoi umumiçahonie, ki doroi tavonoiji çalbi çahonī meboşand, tasvir karda meşavand^[4]. Tanho dar soli 2017 ajni zamon dar Amrikoi Markazī va Çanubī zijoda az 100 filmi tasviriji badeī kor karda şudaast. Mablaƣguzoriji molijavī jagona omilest, ki sohai animatsijai Amrikoi Lotiniro monand mekunad, ba misli Peru^[5].

Nigared niz

Ezoh

↑ Festival de Cannes: O Pagador de Promessas. festival-cannes.com. 24 apreli 2021 sançida şud. Bargirifta az sarcaşmai avval 15 sentjabri 2011.
↑ Archived copy. 24 apreli 2021 sançida şud. Bargirifta az sarcaşmai avval 7 ijuli 2011. Carlos Mayolo y el innolvidable Caliwood (in Spanish)
↑ Perú: PwC: industria cinematográfica crecerá 5,92% anual en Perú al 2023 | NOTICIAS EL COMERCIO PERÚ(isp.). El Comercio Perú (9 de septiembre de 2019).
↑ Hopewell, John Ventana Sur’s Animation! Marks Latin America’s Toon Surge(angl.). Variety (27 November 2018).
↑ García, Marta The New Wave Of Latin American Animated Features: 10 Films To Watch For (en-US). Cartoon Brew (11 maj 2017).

Pajvandho

[festival-cannes.com-1] Festival de Cannes: O Pagador de Promessas. festival-cannes.com. 24 apreli 2021 sançida şud. Bargirifta az sarcaşmai avval 15 sentjabri 2011.

[2] Archived copy. 24 apreli 2021 sançida şud. Bargirifta az sarcaşmai avval 7 ijuli 2011. Carlos Mayolo y el innolvidable Caliwood (in Spanish)

[3] Perú: PwC: industria cinematográfica crecerá 5,92% anual en Perú al 2023 | NOTICIAS EL COMERCIO PERÚ(isp.). El Comercio Perú (9 de septiembre de 2019).

[4] Hopewell, John Ventana Sur’s Animation! Marks Latin America’s Toon Surge(angl.). Variety (27 November 2018).

[5] García, Marta The New Wave Of Latin American Animated Features: 10 Films To Watch For (en-US). Cartoon Brew (11 maj 2017).

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