Kitongoji duni
Kitongoji duni (pia: mtaa wa vibanda; kwa Kiingereza slum) ni mtaa jijini ambao mara nyingi huwa na nyumba duni zilizosimikwa karibu, miundomsingi duni na wakazi maskini.
Huduma za usambazaji wa maji safi, umeme na usalama huwa adimu. Vitongoji duni mara nyingi hupatikana mijini katika nchi zinazokua kimaendeleo kwa sababu ya kiwango kikuu cha ukuaji na uhamiaji.[1]
Sifa za vitongoji duni
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Mahali na Ukuaji
[hariri | hariri chanzo]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Paid_Toilets_in_Mukuru_%285507165201%29.jpg/220px-Paid_Toilets_in_Mukuru_%285507165201%29.jpg)
Vitongoji duni huanzia pambizoni mwa miji karibu au katika ardhi ambazo hazina thamani kubwa, ni za serikali au milki ya ufadhili au taasisi ya dini au hazina hatimiliki hakika.[2] Baadhi ya vitongoji duni hujipa majina ya vyama vya kisiasa, watu tajika kihistoria, wanasiasa ama watu waliokuwa wamiliki wa ardhi hiyo. Kwa mfano, vitongoji duni Mukuru kwa Njenga na Mukuru kwa Ruben.
Kutokuwa na uhakika wa umiliki wa ardhi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Baadhi ya wahamiaji huchukulia ardhi ambayo haina wakazi kuwa haina wamiliki na hivyo basi wakapakaa.[3]Serikali pia inaweza kugawia watu ploti na baadaye ardhi hiyo ikabadilika kuwa kitongoji duni na watu kupoteza haki ya kudai ploti. Kwa mfano, Kibera.[4]
Makazi duni
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Vitongoji duni huwa na vyumba duni. Mara nyingi, ubora wa vyumba hauwezi kustahimili mvua nyingi au upepo mkali. Vifaa vya ujenzi huwa karatasi, plastiki n.k. Sakafu za mchanga, kuta za matope, mbao zilizoshikiliwa kwa kamba, au mabati. Hata wakati nyumba zimejengwa kwa mawe na simiti, hakuna umakinifu katika muundo na uhandisi wa jengo na hivyo basi, majengo hayo hayazingatii kanuni za serikali za ujenzi.[5] Nyumba hizo pia huwa zimejengwa karibu sana.
Miundomsingi isiyotosha
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Vitongoji duni huwa havina miundomsingi ya kutosha. Kama vile, maji safi, umeme, huduma za afya, usalama na polisi, usafiri wa umma, huduma za zimamoto, ambulensi, mfumo wa majitaka na barabara sakifu.
Uenezi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Urban_population_living_in_slums.svg/220px-Urban_population_living_in_slums.svg.png)
Vitongoji duni ni tatizo la dunia nzima. [6]
Picha
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Mifano ya vitongoji duni duniani
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ "Wayback Machine", UM-HABITAT, ilipatikana mnamo 2018-03-18
- ↑ "Physical and Spatial Characteristics of Slum Territories Vulnerable to Natural Disasters", Fernandez Rosa F, Novemba 2012
- ↑ Agbola, Tunde; Elijah M. Agunbiade (2009). "Urbanization, Slum Development and Security of Tenure- The Challenges of Meeting Millennium Development Goal 7 in Metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria". Urban Population–Development–Environment Dynamics in the Developing World- Case Studies and Lessons Learned: 77–106
- ↑ "The strange allure of the slums". The Economist. 3 May 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
- ↑ UN-HABITAT 2007 Press Release Archived 2011-02-06 at the Wayback Machine. on its report, "The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003".
- ↑ Arimah, Ben C. (2010). "The face of urban poverty: Explaining the prevalence of slums in developing countries, Working paper". World Institute for Development Economics Research. 30.
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