Tazama chanzo cha Alice Dunbar Nelson

{{Infobox_Person 
| jina           = Alice Dunbar Nelson 
| nchi           =[[Marekani]]
| majina_mengine =
| picha          =Alice Dunbar-Nelson.png
| ukubwawapicha  =
| maelezo_ya_picha =Alice_Dunbar-Nelson
| jina_la_kuzaliwa = Alice Dunbar Nelson 
| tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 19 Julai 1875
| mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Kusini mwa Marekani 
| tarehe_ya_kufariki = 8 Septemba 1935
| mahala_alipofia    =
| sababu_ya_kifariki =
| anajulikana kwa = 
| kazi_yake = Mshairi, Mwandishi wa habari na Mwanaharakati wa kisiasa Marekani
| cheo =
| mshahara =
| kipindi =
| alitanguliwa_na    = 
| akafuatiwa_na      = 
| chama = 
| bodi =
| dini = 
| ndoa = Henry A. Callis
| rafiki =
| watoto = 
| mahusiano =
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| maelezo = 
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| uzito =
}}
'''Alice Dunbar Nelson''' ([[Julai 19]], [[1875]] – [[Septemba 18]], [[1935]]) alikuwa [[mshairi]], [[mwandishi wa habari]] na mwanaharakati wa kisiasa wa [[Marekani]]. Ni miongoni mwa uzao wa kwanza kwa waliozaliwa huru [[kusini]] mwa Marekani baada ya [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] nchini. 

Mume wake wa kwanza alikuwa mshairi Paul Laurence Dunbar. Baada ya kifo chake, aliolewa na "Henry A. Callis" na mwishoni kuolewa na Robert J. Nelson, mshairi na mwanaharakati wa haki za kibinadamu. Alipata umaarufu kama mshairi, mwandishi wa hadithi fupi, mwandikaji wa gazeti, mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake na mhariri wa makusanyo mawili.

==Maisha==
'''Alice Ruth Moore''' alizaliwa New Orleans, Julai 19, 1875, mtoto wa mshonaji wa kimarekani mwenye asili ya kiafrika aliyekuwa mtumwa.<ref name=Nagel>{{cite book|last=Nagel|first=James|title=Race and Culture in New Orleans Stories: Kate Chopin, Grace King, Alice Dunbar-Nelson, and George Washington Cable|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szfOAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|access-date=April 22, 2018|year=2014|publisher=University of Alabama Press|isbn=978-0-8173-1338-8|pages=20–}}</ref> 
Wazazi wake, Patricia Wright na Joseph Moore walikuwa watu wa [[uchumi]] wa kati na sehemu ya jamii ya utamaduni wa rangi wa mji.

=== Maisha binafsi===
Moore alihitimu mafunzo ya ualimu katika chuo kikuu cha Straight na baadaye kujiunga na chuo kikuu cha Dillard. Mwaka 1892 alifanya kazi ya ualimu katika shule ya msingi ya Marigny  inayopatikana New Orleans.<ref name="Nagel" /> Nelson aliishi New Orleans kwa miaka ishirini na moja. Kipindi hicho, Nelson alikuwa akisoma Sanaa na muziki. <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Hull|first=Gloria|title=Color, Sex, & Poetry: three women writes of the Harlem Renaissance|url=https://archive.org/details/colorsexpoetryth00hull|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1987}}</ref>

Mwaka  1895, mkusanyo wa kwanza  wa hadithi fupi za Alice Dunbar Nelson, ''Violets and Other Tales'',<ref>[http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm977/@Generic__BookView "Violets and Other Tales"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006222353/http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm977/@Generic__BookView |date=2006-10-06 }}, ''Monthly Review'', 1895. Digital Schomburg.</ref> ilichapishwa na ''The Monthly Review''. <ref>{{cite book|last=Culp|first=Daniel Wallace|url=https://archive.org/stream/twentiethcentury00culp#page/n203/mode/1up|title=Twentieth century Negro literature; or, A cyclopedia of thought on the vital topics relating to the American Negro|publisher=J. L. Nichols & Co.|year=1902|location=Atlanta|page=138}}</ref> 
Alianzisha na kufundisha '' White Rose Home for Girls '' iliyopo Manhattan <ref>May, Vanessa H., ''Unprotected Labor: Household Workers, Politics, and Middle-class Reform in New York, 1870–1940'', University of North Carolina Press, pp. 90–91.</ref>

=== Mwanaharakati wa mapema ===
[[File:The Woman's Era - September 1894.jpg|thumb|An excerpt from ''The Woman's Era''. Gazeti ambalo ilichangia msingi wa Alice kama mwandishi wa habari na mwanaharakati.]]
Katika umri mdogo, Alice Dunbar Nelson alivutiwa na shughuli ambazo zingewawezesha wanawake weusi. Mnamo mwaka 1894, alikua mwanachama wa mkataba wa Klabu ya Phillis Wheatley huko New Orleans, akichangia ustadi wake wa uandishi. Ili kupanua upeo wao, Klabu ya Wheatley ilishirikiana na Klabu ya Era ya Mwanamke. Alifanya kazi na gazeti la kila mwezi la Mwanamke wa Klabu ya Era ''The Woman's Era''. Katika Kulenga wanawake waliosoma, lilikuwa gazeti la kwanza na iliyoundwa na wanawake mwenye asili ya mmarekani mweusi. Kazi ya Alice katika gazeti hilo, iliashiria mwanzo wa kazi yake kama mwandishi wa habari na mwanaharakati.

[[Dunbar-Nelson]] alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za Wamarekani wenye asili ya  Kiafrika na wanawake, haswa wakati wa miaka ya [[1920]] na [[1930]]. Wakati alipoendelea kuandika hadithi na mashairi, alijihusisha zaidi kisiasa huko Wilmington, na akajikita zaidi katika uandishi wa habari. Mnamo [[1915]], alikuwa mratibu wa shamba kwa majimbo ya Atlantiki ya Kati kwa harakati ya mwanamke. Mnamo [[1918]], alikuwa mwakilishi wa Kamati ya Wanawake katika Baraza la Ulinzi. Mnamo 1924, Dunbar-Nelson alifanya kampeni ya kupitishwa kwa Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, na hata hivyo alishindwa. Wakati huo, Dunbar-Nelson alifanya kazi kwa njia anuwai kukuza mabadiliko ya kisiasa. Inasemekana, "Alikaa sana katika NAACP; aliunda shule ya mageuzi iliyohitajika sana huko Delaware kwa wasichana wa kimarekani wenye asili ya kiafrika."<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Connecting From Off Campus - UF Libraries|url=https://login.lp.hscl.ufl.edu/login?qurl=http://resolver.ebscohost.com%2fopenurl%3fsid%3dEBSCO%3aedsjsr%26genre%3darticle%26issn%3d07484321%26ISBN%3d%26volume%3d36%26issue%3d2%26date%3d20190101%26spage%3d241%26pages%3d%26title%3dLegacy%26atitle%3dWriting%2c%2520Citizenship%2c%2520Alice%2520Dunbar-Nelson%26aulast%3dZagarell%2520Sandra%2520A.%26id%3dDOI%3a10.5250%2flegacy.36.2.0241|access-date=2020-11-03|website=login.lp.hscl.ufl.edu|doi=10.5250/legacy.36.2.0241}}</ref>

==Kazi==
* [http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm977/@Generic__BookView  ''Violets and Other Tales''] {{Wayback|url=http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm977/@Generic__BookView |date=20061006222353 }}, Boston: Mapitio ya kila mwezi, 1895. Hadithi fupi na mashairi ikiwemo "Titée", "A Carnival Jangle", na "Little Miss Sophie". Digital Schomburg. ("The Woman" reprinted in Margaret Busby (ed.), ''Daughters of Africa'', [[1992]], pp.&nbsp;161–163.)
* [http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm976 ''The Goodness of St. Rocque and Other Stories''] {{Wayback|url=http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm976 |date=20170722172119 }}[[1899]], ikiwemo "Titée" (revised), "Little Miss Sophie", na "A Carnival Jangle".
* "Wordsworth's Use of Milton's Description of the Building of Pandemonium", 1909, katika ''lugha ya kisasa''.
* (Kama mhariri) ''Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence: The Best Speeches Delivered by the Negro from the days of Slavery to the Present Time'', 1914.
* "People of Color in Louisiana", 1917, katika ''jarida la historia ya watu weusi''.
* ''Mine Eyes Have Seen'', 1918, sehemu mojawapo la tamthilia katika ''The Crisis''.
* (Kama mhariri) ''The Dunbar Speaker and Entertainer: Iliyokuwa na nathari na machaguo bora ya kishairi kuhusiana na jamii ya Negro'', 1920.''
* "The Colored United States", 1924, ''The Messenger Magazine'', jarida la fasihi na siasa, New York.
* "From a Woman's Point of View" ("Une Femme Dit"), 1926, safu ya jumba la ''Pittsburgh''.
* "I Sit and I Sew", "Snow in October", na "Sonnet", katika Countee Cullen(ed.), ''Caroling Dusk: Antholojia ya washairi wa watu wa jamii ya Negro'', 1927.
* "As in a Looking Glass", 1926–1930, safu ya gazeti la ''Washington Eagle''.
* "So It Seems to Alice Dunbar-Nelson", 1930, safu ya jumba la ''Pittsburgh''.
* Mashairi anuwai yaliyochapishwa katika jarida la NAACP ''The Crisis'', katika ''Ebony na Topaz: A Collectanea'' (edited by Charles S. Johnson),<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ebony-and-topaz-a-collectanea/oclc/1177914|title=Ebony and topaz : a collectanea|publisher=WorldCat|oclc=1177914}}</ref> and in ''Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life'', the journal of the Urban League.
* ''Give Us Each Day: shajara ya Alice Dunbar-Nelson'', ed. Gloria T. Hull, New York: Norton, 1984.
*"Writing, Citizenship, Alice-Dunbar Nelson." Zagarell, Sandra A. Legacy, Vol. 36, Iss. 2, (2019): 241-244.

==Marejeo==
{{Reflist}}

==Viungo vya nje==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q3611679|s=Author:Alice Dunbar-Nelson|c=Category:Alice Dunbar Nelson|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|wikt=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no}}
* [http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/dunbar-nelson/about.htm About Alice Dunbar-Nelson] {{Wayback|url=http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/dunbar-nelson/about.htm |date=20190403232228 }}, Department of English, College of LAS, University of Illinois, 1988
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516050650/http://www.scils.rutgers.edu/~cybers/dunbar-nelson2.html Women of Color Women of Words biography] Rutgers University.
* [https://rosenbach.org/visit/exhibitions/alicedunbarnelson/ "I Am an American! The Activism and Authorship of Alice Dunbar-Nelson"] (online exhibition) at [https://rosenbach.org/ The Rosenbach]
{{BD|1875|1935}}
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