Agronomi

High seed protein and/or oil contents are desirable characters for soybean grain in the global market when it is utilized for food application. In this study, we intent to determine genetic variance and covariance for seed protein and oil content and related traits. Six cultivars, consisting of three genotypes as male and three varieties as female, were randomly chosen from fourteen varieties and five breeding lines. The F1 seed and F2 seed obtained from the crosses made through design II of Comstock and Robinson, were planted in 2013 and 2014. Days to harvest, grain weight plant-1, 100-seed weight, grain yield m-2, seed protein and oil content were measure from each entry. Additive and dominance genetic variance and heritability were estimated. We observed significant (p ≤ 0.05) additive variance for grain weight plant-1, 100-seed weight, seed protein and oil content but not for grain yield m-1 in F1 and F2 generations. A dominance component of genetic variance was significant only for grain weight plant-1, and grain protein content. Heritability ranged from 0.27 for grain protein content to 0.77 for 100-grain weight in F1 generation and from 0.22 for grain yield to 0.56 for 100-grain weight in F2 generation. Grain yield plant-1 was positively correlated to 100-grain weight but negatively correlated to grain protein content. Seed oil content did not significantly correlated to any traits. Grain yield m-1 were positively correlated to 100-grain weight but negatively correlated to seed protein content, which leads to conclude that raising grain protein content resulted to reduce grain yield of soybean genotypes.

High seed protein and/or oil contents are desirable characters for soybean grain in the global market when it is utilized for food application. In this study, we intent to determine genetic variance and covariance for seed protein and oil content and related traits. Six cultivars, consisting of three genotypes as male and three varieties as female, were randomly chosen from fourteen varieties and five breeding lines. The F1 seed and F2 seed obtained from the crosses made through design II of Comstock and Robinson, were planted in 2013 and 2014. Days to harvest, grain weight plant-1, 100-seed weight, grain yield m-2, seed protein and oil content were measure from each entry. Additive and dominance genetic variance and heritability were estimated. We observed significant (p ≤ 0.05) additive variance for grain weight plant-1, 100-seed weight, seed protein and oil content but not for grain yield m-1 in F1 and F2 generations. A dominance component of genetic variance was significant only for grain weight plant-1, and grain protein content. Heritability ranged from 0.27 for grain protein content to 0.77 for 100-grain weight in F1 generation and from 0.22 for grain yield to 0.56 for 100-grain weight in F2 generation. Grain yield plant-1 was positively correlated to 100-grain weight but negatively correlated to grain protein content. Seed oil content did not significantly correlated to any traits. Grain yield m-1 were positively correlated to 100-grain weight but negatively correlated to seed protein content, which leads to conclude that raising grain protein content resulted to reduce grain yield of soybean genotypes.

Genotype by environment (GE) interaction and stability of a trait in any crop plant such as soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) are very important for plant breeders to develop and evaluate the new cultivars as well as for farmers to plant suitable cultivars for commercial purpose. Crop performances including harvesting date, yield components and grain yield of nine genotypes of soybean were evaluated at three locations with distinct environments in Riau. The data were used to determine GE interaction variance components of the traits and yield stability.  There was significant effect of location on all characters except on grain yield per plot.  The genotypes differed significantly in all yield components and grain yield.  Genotype x environment interaction significantly affected several crop performances such as harvesting date, all yield components and grain yield.  The magnitude of GE interaction variance component was greater than that of location for all traits except the number of...

1 Program Pascasarjana Magister Ilmu Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Riau 2 Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Riau Diterima 17 Januari 2014/Disetujui 5 Mei 2014 ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk P terhadap perkembangan biji dan mutu benih kedelai (Glycine max L.Merrill) selama perkembangan biji menjelang masak fisiologis. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap terdiri atas 2 faktor. Faktor utama adalah genotipe terdiri dari G1=Wilis, G2=Malabar, G3=KM-19 BE, dan G4=Kipas Putih, faktor kedua adalah pupuk P terdiri atas P 0 =0 kg P 2 O 5 per ha (0 g/plot), P 1 =25 kg P 2 O 5 per ha (22.5 g/plot), P 2 =50 kg P 2 O 5 per ha (45 g/plot). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan biji kedelai sampai 20 HSP berlangsung lambat setelah itu terjadi penambahan berat secara linear sampai ...

The use of household pesticides depends on three important factors, including the effectiveness of active ingredients, application techniques, and the effects towards users. Therefore, there is a necessity for knowledge of pests and the application in order to minimize the danger posed. A person’s ability to understand various sources of information is influenced by their level of education. Facts regarding household pesticides are usually acquired from TV commercials as well as community experiences. This descriptive study was carried out by describing the relationship between the behavior of household occupants and the use of pesticides in controlling settlement pests, as well as explaining the relationship between the observed variables. The research population include residents that live in Pekanbaru City, specifically in the Districts of Tenayan Raya, Sail and Pekanbaru City. A determination of samples is carried out intentionally (purposive) with multistage sampling techniques...

The objective of this research was to determine phenotypic variability of mung bean M2 and M3 Mutant populations resulted from gamma ray irradiation. The Field experiment was conducted by using a completely randomized design in which three populations including M2, M3 and the parent (M0) were planted in 2017. Each population was planted in a plot of 3 m x 2 m with planting space of 30 cm x 20 cm to obtain 100 individual plant per plot. Every population was repeated 5 times so to get  500 plants per population. Observations were collected on all individuals in the population including plant height, number of stem internodes, length of internode, number of primary branches, age of flowering plants, date of harvest, length of pods, number of filled pods, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plants, and weights of 100 seeds. The results showed that gamma ray irradiation produced mung bean plants with a similar date of harvest. It could be seen from mea...

The purpose of this research was to find out the diversity of Anjasmoro variety soybean of M1 generation resulted from gamma-ray radiation on its various phenotype characters. A total of 300 seeds were radiated with Isotope and Radiation Technology Application from National Nuclear Power Agency at Pasar Jumat, South Jakarta, then planted in the experimental garden of Agriculture Faculty, Riau University. The dosage of irradiation used was 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy, and 250 Gy also M0 as an ancestor. The quantitative and qualitative observation was made as such flowering age, harvest age, plant height, amount of seeds per plant, seeds weight per plant and growth type. The data were analyzed with variance analysis then continued with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test on a 5% level. The diversity component was analyzed with homogeneity of variance according to the Levene test procedure. The result shows gamma-ray radiation is causing diversity on Anjasmoro variety on quantitative character...

AbstrakRuang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) merupakan ruang dengan vegetasi yang berfungsi sebagai penyerap gas karbondioksida (CO2) dalam bentuk karbon tersimpan sehingga dapat tercapai suatu kualitas lingkungan udara kota yang bersih dan nyaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keberlanjutan RTH publik sebagai cadangan karbon di Kota Pekanbaru. Data diperoleh melalui metode survey, pengamatan dan wawancara dianalisis menggunakan Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan RTH publik Kota Pekanbaru termasuk kurang berkelanjutan (49,57). Dimensi sosial (52,24) dinilai cukup berkelanjutan. Sementara dimensi ekologi (46,23), ekonomi (49,91), dan kelembagaan (49,93) tergolong kurang berkelanjutan. Secara umum disimpulkan bahwa pengelolaan RTH Kota Pekanbaru tergolong kurang berkelanjutan. Peningkatan indeks dan status keberlanjutan pengelolaan RTH Kota Pekanbaru perlu diupayakan dalam perspektif pemb...

Forests are an invaluable source of natural wealth and have a strategic value, because forests greatly affect humans and wildlife. Area Balai Raja wildlife reserve Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province was established by the government with the aim of protecting Sumatran Elephants (Gajah Sumatera). The existence of the region experiences pressure from the community through activities, from the local government and oil and gas companies. The research objective is to formulate a management strategy based on changes in land cover. The study was conducted for 3 (three) months at Balai Raja wildlife reserve. The research approach used is a qualitative approach with survey methods and management strategy analysis using SWOT analysis. The results showed that the change in land cover in Balai Raja wildlife reserve Area was due to the presence of oil and gas company activities, community activities and local government activities. The largest change in land cover occurred in 1990 to 2000, where t...

Seed quality traits such as oil and protein contents as well as yield components are desirable characters in soybeans if it is used for food. In this study, we determined genotypic variation of grain protein and oil content as well as related traits on F3 soybean populations. Nine F3 populations of soybean originated from crosses between three male varieties and three female parents were planted in 2017. The design used was randomized block design with four replications. Several traits were observed from each entry including days to harvest (DTH), seed weight plant -1 (SWP), 100-grain weight (HGW), grain yield m (GYM), grain protein (GPC) and oil content (GOC). There was large variation found among genotypes for SWP, HGW, GYM, GPC, and GOC but not for DTH. Genetic component of variance and heritability were significant (P = 0.05) for SWP, HGW, GYM, and GPC but equal to zero for DTH and GOC. Grain yield was positively correlated to HGW but negatively correlated to GPC. Seed oil conte...

An experiment has been designed to investigate the impact of Phosphorous (P) fertilizer on seed quaaliti during seed development of several Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars. Th e field experiment was carried at University of Riau Agriculture Experiment Station using a complete randomized block design with three replicates. S oybean cultivars such as Willis , Malabar , Kipas Putih and line KM - 19 - BE were planted in three rates of P fertilizer; ie P0 = 0 kg P 2 O 5 as a control , P1 = 25 kg P 2 O 5 , and P2 = 50 kg P 2 O 5 per hektare . Seed quality including seed viability and seed vigor was observed at 10 days interval from 20 to 50 days after anthesis (DAA). It was found that seed quality was very low at early stage of seed development and tent to reach its maximum value as seed matured. Addition of P fertilizer to the plant increased some components of seed quality at early stage of seed development until 40 DAA. The values of seed viability and seed vigor were higher...

Triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) is a plant growth regulator that may accelerate the change of vegetative growth into reproductive growth by modifiying the ratio of hormones that already exist. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TIBA and phosphorous fertilizer on peanut (Arachis hypogea L.). This study was conducted using a split plot design with three replications. The main plot was three levels of TIBA concentration; ie, 0 ppm, 50 ppm and 75 ppm. Subplot was four levels of phousphorous fertilizer; ie, 0 kg, 11,5 kg, 23 kg and 34,5 kg of P2O5. Parameters measured were plant height, flowering age, number of primary branches, dry weight of plants at 28 days after planting, dry weight of plant at 35days after planting, plant growth rate, harvest index, pods dry weight per plot and seed weight per plot.The results showed that TIBA significantly affected pods dry weight and seed weight per plot, but not significantly affect plant height, flowering age, number of main bra...

Oil palm plantation development in recent year has undergone limitation of suitable land for cultivation, so to increase the production both for seed supply and for oil production in the future are emphasized on land intensification and resource use efficiency. In order to obtain high quality seed of oil palm, identification of suitable female parent which is able to produce greater number of viable seeds and the progeny that able to produce bunch with high oil content were very crucial. In order to obtain this expected material, careful observation and continual evaluation must be established. Therefore in this study, we evaluated ten best F1 crosses of Dura × Dura (D×D) progenies to be used as female parent. The materials has been planted at Pinang Sebatang estate (block D014) and Teluk Siak estate (block E014) in Minamas Plantation, kabupaten Siak, Riau in 2010. The progenies planted consist of one selfing Dura plant and nine crosses D×D plants. The experiment was conducted in a ...

Since grain soybean is high in protein content, nitrogen addition may be required at the time of pod development and grain filing. This research was conducted to identify the appropriate time of N application during soybean growth. The field experiment was established at experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, inPekanbaru, from JunetoOctober 2016. Three soybean genotypes; ie, Grobogan, Argomulyo and Kaba were planted under some timing of N applications; ie, no N applied, 25 kg kg N applied at planting, 25 kg N applied at 30 days after planting (DAP), and 25 kg N applied at planting added at the same rate at 30 DAP. The experiment was assigned in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Parametersmeasured were filled pod numbersperplant, seeds numberperplant, seed weightperplant, grain yieldm-2, 100-seed weight, oil contents and protein contents of the seed. The results showedthat the application of Nitrogen fertilizer affected yield component and grai...

The objective of this research were to estimate genetic parameters such as variability, heritability, general combining ability (GCA), and specific combining ability (SCA),  of various agronomic traits in chili population through diallel cross. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design in which 15 hybrids genotypes created by half diallel cross were evaluated with three replications. Seedlings of twenty eight days old was transplanted to a plot of 1 m x 5 m with planting space of 50 x 50 cm. Ten samples were chosen from each plot to obtain  plant height, height of stem dichotomous, weight per fruit, fruit length, fruit rind thickness, fruit diameter and fruit weight per plant. Data analyses were performed by analyses of variance and then translated to genetic parameters following the Griffing’s methods model IV. The results indicated that the value of GCA and SCA were significant for several characters but not for others. Due to its suitable GCA value, one geno...

Even though rambutan is originating from Indonesia, its variability tents to decrease due to farmer selection to plant marketable varieties. The objectives of this study are to determine the diversity of several morphological characteristics and to analyse the relationship among rambutan plants in Bengkalis Regency. Thirty-one plants were chosen by purposive sampling in five districts of the Bengkalis Regency. Every plant was identified its morphological characteristic, including leaves, flowers, fruit, and seed characteristics. In general, most leaves, flower, fruit, and seed characteristics had from low to moderate variability. Tree characteristics, including canopy type growth habits and leaves length had high variability. Cluster analysis indicated that thirty-one plants were divided into three groups, namely group one consisted of two plants, group two consisted of 11 plants, and group three consisted of 18 plants.     

Pendahuluan Salah satu upaya untuk menanggulangi permasalahan limbah organik yang terbentuk pada suatu pabrik kertas dan bubur kertas adalah dengan mengolahnya menjadi kompos dan selanjutnya dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk untuk tanaman pertanian. Pupuk organik yang digunakan ke tanah mempunyai kelebihan selain dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik maupun biologi tanah juga dapat menambah berbagai unsur hara kedalam tanah. Namun demikian, penggunaan kompos IPAL pulp dan kertas untuk tanaman pertanian memerlukan pertimbangan yang mendalam karena selain menjadi Abstract Sludge as the solid waste produced by pulp and paper industry shows appreciable amounts of essential elements for plant nutrients, but the use in agriculture is sometime restricted by its heavy metal content. This study was intended to determine the content of heavy metals in corn plant fertilized by several rates of compost IPAL which was made of sludge obtained from pulp and paper industry. Three levels of compost ie; 10, 20, 30 ...

Pests that are often a household problem in several cities in Indonesia are mosquitoes, rats, cockroaches, flies. Causes of settlement pests are dirty environments, food scraps, rubbish, and waterlogged gutters / ditches. The presence of pests in the house causes occupants to control pesticides. Pesticides are used primarily to control mosquitoes, ants, flies, cockroaches, mice and termites. This research is a descriptive research that aims to explain, detail and make a description of a phenomenon or object under study. The target population in this study is households residing in Pekanbaru City, namely in the Districts of Tenayan Raya, Sail and Pekanbaru City with three clean, medium and dirty categories. Determination of the sample is done purposively with multistage sampling technique. The sample was determined purposively with multistage sampling technique and the total sample was 101 households. The data obtained were nominal, ordinal and ratio, analyzed the relationship betwee...