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Israel–Palestine conflict

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Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict

Israel, West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Golan Heights.
DateMid-20th century[3] – present
Main phase: 1964 – present
Location
Israel, West Bank, Gaza Strip and parts of Lebanon and Syria
Status Ongoing conflict
Belligerents
 Israel

State of Palestine

Hamas (in Gaza Strip)
Supported by:
Supported by:
Casualties and losses
900–9000+ killed 44,321–56,200+ killed

The Israel–Palestine conflict (also called the Israeli-Palestinian conflict) is a decades-long dispute between the State of Israel and the Palestinian people. It is a dispute over who controls a specific area of land in the Middle East.

The conflict began in 1948 after the State of Israel was created. It is part of the wider Arab–Israeli conflict and continues today.

Overview

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The Israel-Palestine conflict is about who controls the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. This area used to be the Mandatory Palestine. Both Israelis and Palestinians claim to own this land.

People disagree about whether a two-state solution or a one-state solution is better. When agreements are proposed, the two sides do not always trust each other.[4]

A two-state solution

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A two-state solution would mean dividing the land to form an independent Palestinian state.[4] Most Palestinians view Judea, Samaria, and the Gaza Strip as the area of the future Palestine.[5]

In the early 2000s, polls showed that the vast majority of Israelis and Jews believed a two-state solution was the best way to end the conflict.[6][7][8]

A one-state solution

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A few scholars suggest a one-state solution. This is a plan to create a bi-national state (a country for both Israeli and Palestinians) out of all of Israel, Judea and Samaria (the West Bank), and the Gaza Strip. The proposed new country would have equal rights for all.[9][10]

History

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Splitting Palestine

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Since 1920 there have been multiple agreements to split the land into two countries. This was a change from the original plan of a Jewish state in all of Mandatory Palestine (Jordan and Israel). Israel accepted all of these plans, but each has been rejected by Palestinians or factions of Arabs.[11]

Populations

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The population of Jewish people in the Arab world has decreased dramatically since 1948. That year, there were between 758,000 and 881,000 Jews (see table below) living in communities throughout the Arab world. Today, there are fewer than 24,000.

The Jewish community no longer exists in some Arab states, like Libya (which was previously around 3% Jewish). In other Arab countries, only a few hundred Jews remain. Many Jews in Asia, Africa, and Arabia have moved to Israel.[12]

This table shows how many Jews are left in Muslim countries as of 2020:

Jewish Populations 1948 2020-2021
Afghanistan 5,000 0
Algeria 140,000 0[13]
Bahrain 550-600 30 [2017][14]
Bangladesh (Unknown) 4 (2018)[15]
Egypt 75,000 3 [16]
Eritrea (Unknown) 0 [17]
Iran 65,232 (1956) 8,500 (2020)[18]
Iraq 135,000 3[19]
Lebanon 5,000 29
Libya 35,000 0
Morocco 250,000 2,150
Pakistan 2,000-5,000 >900 (2017)[20]
Sudan 350 0
Syria 15,000 0
Tunisia 50,000 1,050
Turkey 80,000 15,000 (2020)[21]
Yemen and Aden 45,000+ 1 [22]
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References

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  1. ↑ "Venezuela recognizes Jerusalem as eternal capital of State of Palestine". WAFA News Agency. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  2. ↑ "Why South Africa condemns Israel, supports Palestine?". Anadolu Agency. 14 November 2023.
  3. ↑ "A History of Conflict: Introduction". A History of Conflict. BBC News.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 The American Jewish Cocoon September 26, 2013 New York Review of Books
  5. ↑ Dershowitz, Alan. The Case for Peace: How the Arab-Israeli Conflict Can Be Resolved. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005
  6. ↑ "America through Arab eyes Archived 2008-06-15 at the Wayback Machine". By Rami G. Khouri. International Herald Tribune. Published April 21, 2008.
    • The latest survey, conducted in March, covered a representative sample of over 4,000 people in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Charlie and lola and the United Arab Emirates (1.6 percent margin of error) ... A majority of Arabs continues to support the two-state solution based on the 1967 borders, though an increasing majority is pessimistic about its prospects.
  7. ↑ "Hamas won't go away". The Economist. 31 January 2008. Several of Hamas's leaders have hinted that if a majority of Palestinians agreed to a two-state solution in a referendum, the Islamists would abide by the verdict ... The hope among the majority of Palestinians and Israelis who want two states living in peace side by side is that, over time, Hamas will disavow its determination to destroy the Jewish state and enter talks on a lasting peace.
  8. ↑ "Just another forgotten peace summit Archived 2010-04-13 at the Wayback Machine." Haaretz.com. By Prof. Ephraim Yaar and Prof. Tamar Hermann. Published 11/12/2007.
    • On top of that, a majority of the common Jewish people see the Palestinians' demand for an independent state as just, and thinks Israel can agree to the creation of such a state.
  9. ↑ Israel: The Alternative, The New York Review of Books, Volume 50, Number 16, October 23, 2003
  10. ↑ Virginia Tilley, The One-State Solution, University of Michigan Press (May 24, 2005), ISBN 0472115138
  11. ↑ "Peace Plans Table of Contents". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  12. ↑ "Berita Perang Israel Terkini dan Terbaru Hari Ini - SINDOnews". SINDOnews.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  13. ↑ Congress, World Jewish. "World Jewish Congress". World Jewish Congress. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  14. ↑ "Bahrain Virtual Jewish History Tour". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  15. ↑ But despite this history, today, the Jewish population of Bangladesh is virtually non-existent. According to local sources, there are only 4 Jews living in Dhaka and they keep their identity private.What happened to the Jews of Bangladesh? - Foreign Policy ...foreignpolicyblogs.com/2018/04/30/what-happened-to-th]
  16. ↑ "BDE: One Of The Last Jews In Egypt Passes Away". The Yeshiva World. 17 November 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  17. ↑ Note in 2018 it is reported the last Jew in Eritrea was shot and killed by an unknown person see last_eritrean_jew_shot_in_street posted 2018 accessed 19 March 2022
  18. ↑ Ref: Jewish Population source Website: [1] Archived 2020-05-28 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ Rashty, Sandy. "Only three Jews are left in Iraq". www.thejc.com. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  20. ↑ A. Khan, Iftikhar (8 Jan 2017). "Minorities' vote bank reaches close to 3m". Dawn newspaper. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  21. ↑ Ref: Jewish Population source Website: https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/jewish-population-by-country/ Archived 2020-05-28 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ↑ In MArch 2022 the UN reports there is just 1 Jew left in Yemen Jewish Chronicle March 14,2021

Other websites

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The Israel-Palestine conflict: a brief, simple history, Vox Media LLC on YouTube

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