Territories/ dates [1][2][3][4][5] |
Egypt |
Canaan |
Ebla |
Mari |
Akshak/ Akkad |
Kish |
Uruk |
Adab |
Umma
|
Lagash |
Ur |
Elam
|
4000–3200 BCE
|
Naqada I Naqada II
|
Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
|
Pre-Dynastic period (4000–2900 BCE)
|
Susa I
|
Uruk period (4000-3100 BCE)
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Rolzegel.JPG/100px-Rolzegel.JPG) (Anonymous "King-priests")
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Susa II
![Susa II Priest-King with bow and arrows](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Susa_II_King-Priest_with_bow_and_arrow.jpg/35px-Susa_II_King-Priest_with_bow_and_arrow.jpg) (Uruk influence or control)
|
3200–3100 BCE
|
Proto-Dynastic period (Naqada III) Early or legendary kings:
|
Upper Egypt Finger Snail Fish Pen-Abu Animal Stork Canide Bull Scorpion I Shendjw Iry-Hor Ka Scorpion II Narmer / Menes
|
Lower Egypt Hedju Hor Ny-Hor Hsekiu Khayu Tiu Thesh Neheb Wazner Nat-Hor Mekh Double Falcon Wash
|
3100–2900 BCE
|
Early Dynastic Period First Dynasty of Egypt Narmer Palette Narmer Menes Neithhotep♀ (regent) Hor-Aha Djer Djet Merneith♀ (regent) DenAnedjib Semerkhet Qa'a Sneferka Horus Bird
|
Canaanites
|
Jemdet Nasr period (3100-2900 BCE)
|
Proto-Elamite period (Susa III) (3100-2700 BCE)
|
2900 BCE
|
Second Dynasty of Egypt
Hotepsekhemwy Nebra/Raneb Nynetjer Ba Nubnefer Horus Sa Weneg-Nebty Wadjenes Senedj Seth-Peribsen Sekhemib-Perenmaat Neferkara I Neferkasokar Hudjefa I Khasekhemwy
|
Early Dynastic Period I (2900–2700 BCE)
|
First Eblaite Kingdom
|
First kingdom of Mari
|
Kish I dynasty Jushur, Kullassina-bel Nangishlishma, En-tarah-ana Babum, Puannum, Kalibum
|
2800 BCE
|
Kalumum Zuqaqip Atab Mashda Arwium Etana Balih En-me-nuna Melem-Kish Barsal-nuna
|
Uruk I dynasty Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
|
Enmerkar ("conqueror of Aratta")
|
2700 BCE
|
Early Dynastic Period II (2700–2600 BCE)
|
|
|
Zamug, Tizqar, Ilku Iltasadum
|
Lugalbanda Dumuzid, the Fisherman
|
Enmebaragesi ("made the land of Elam submit")[6]
|
Aga of Kish ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/5px-Blank_space.png)
|
Gilgamesh![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/10px-Blank_space.png)
|
Old Elamite period (2700–1500 BCE)
Indus-Mesopotamia relations
|
2600 BCE
|
Third Dynasty of Egypt
Djoser Sekhemkhet Sanakht Nebka Khaba Qahedjet Huni
|
Early Dynastic Period III (2600–2340 BCE)
|
Sagisu Abur-lim Agur-lim Ibbi-Damu Baba-Damu
|
|
Kish II dynasty (5 kings) Uhub Mesilim
|
Ur-Nungal Udulkalama Labashum
|
Lagash En-hegal Lugal- shaengur
|
Ur A-Imdugud Ur-Pabilsag![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/5px-Blank_space.png) ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ur-Palbisag.jpg/30px-Ur-Palbisag.jpg) Meskalamdug (Queen Puabi) Akalamdug
|
Enun-dara-anna Mes-he Melamanna Lugal-kitun
|
Adab Nin-kisalsi Me-durba Lugal-dalu
|
|
2575 BCE
|
Old Kingdom of Egypt Fourth Dynasty of Egypt Snefru Khufu
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kheops-Pyramid.jpg/50px-Kheops-Pyramid.jpg) Djedefre Khafre Bikheris Menkaure Shepseskaf Thamphthis
|
Ur I dynasty Mesannepada "King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk
|
2500 BCE
|
Phoenicia (2500-539 BCE)
|
Second kingdom of Mari
Ikun-Shamash Iku-Shamagan
![Iku-Shamagan](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Iku-Shamagan_-_Mari_-_Temple_of_Ninni-Zaza_%28retouched%29.jpg/30px-Iku-Shamagan_-_Mari_-_Temple_of_Ninni-Zaza_%28retouched%29.jpg)
Ansud Sa'umu Ishtup-Ishar Ikun-Mari Iblul-Il Nizi
|
Akshak dynasty Unzi Undalulu
|
Kish III dynasty Ku-Baba♀
|
Uruk II dynasty Ensha- kushanna
|
Mug-si
|
Umma I dynasty
Pabilgagaltuku
|
Lagash I dynasty
Ur-Nanshe
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ur-Nanshe.jpg/30px-Ur-Nanshe.jpg)
Akurgal
|
A'annepada Meskiagnun Elulu Balulu
|
Awan dynasty Peli Tata Ukkutahesh Hishur
|
2450 BCE
|
Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
Userkaf Sahure Neferirkare Kakai Neferefre Shepseskare Nyuserre Ini Menkauhor Kaiu Djedkare Isesi Unas
|
Enar-Damu Ishar-Malik
|
Ush Enakalle
|
Elamite invasions (3 kings)[6]
|
Shushun- tarana Napilhush
|
2425 BCE
|
Kun-Damu
|
Eannatum![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/5px-Blank_space.png) ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/P1130735_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_des_Vautours_rwk.JPG/30px-P1130735_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_des_Vautours_rwk.JPG) (King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
|
2400 BCE
|
Adub-Damu Igrish-Halam Irkab-Damu
|
Urur
|
Kish IV dynasty Puzur-Suen Ur-Zababa
|
Lugal-kinishe-dudu Lugal-kisalsi
|
E-iginimpa'e Meskigal
|
Ur-Lumma Il Gishakidu (Queen Bara-irnun)
|
Enannatum Entemena Enannatum II Enentarzi
|
Ur II dynasty Nanni Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II
|
Kiku-siwe-tempti
|
2380 BCE
|
Sixth Dynasty of Egypt Teti Userkare Pepi I Merenre Nemtyemsaf I Pepi II Merenre Nemtyemsaf II Netjerkare Siptah
|
Adab dynasty Lugalannemundu "King of the four quarters of the world"
|
2370 BCE
|
Isar-Damu
|
Enna-Dagan Ikun-Ishar Ishqi-Mari
|
Invasion of Mari Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter[6]
|
Ukush
|
Lugalanda Urukagina
|
Luh-ishan
|
2350 BCE
|
Puzur-Nirah Ishu-Il Shu-Sin
|
Uruk III dynasty Lugalzagesi (Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
|
2340 BCE
|
|
Akkadian Period (2340–2150 BCE)
|
Akkadian Empire
Sargon of Akkad Rimush Manishtushu
|
Akkadian Governors: Eshpum Ilshu-rabi Epirmupi Ili-ishmani
|
2250 BCE
|
Naram-Sin![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/5px-Blank_space.png)
|
Lugal-ushumgal (vassal of the Akkadians)
|
2200 BCE
|
First Intermediate Period Seventh Dynasty of Egypt Eighth Dynasty of Egypt Menkare Neferkare II Neferkare Neby Djedkare Shemai Neferkare Khendu Merenhor Neferkamin Nikare Neferkare Tereru Neferkahor Neferkare Pepiseneb Neferkamin Anu Qakare Ibi Neferkaure Neferkauhor Neferirkare
|
Second Eblaite Kingdom
(Vassals of UR III)
|
Third kingdom of Mari Shakkanakku dynasty
Ididish Shu-Dagan Ishma-Dagan (Vassals of the Akkadians)
|
Shar-Kali-Sharri
|
Igigi, Imi, Nanum, Ilulu (3 years) Dudu Shu-turul
|
Uruk IV dynasty Ur-nigin Ur-gigir
|
|
Lagash II dynasty Puzer-Mama Ur-Ningirsu I Pirig-me Lu-Baba Lu-gula Ka-ku
|
Hishep-Ratep Helu Khita Puzur-Inshushinak
|
2150 BCE
|
Ninth Dynasty of Egypt Meryibre Khety Neferkare VII Nebkaure Khety Setut
|
Ur III period (2150–2000 BCE)
|
Nûr-Mêr Ishtup-Ilum
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ishtup-Ilum_statue_%28head%29.jpg/25px-Ishtup-Ilum_statue_%28head%29.jpg) Ishgum-Addu Apil-kin
|
Gutian dynasty (21 kings)
La-erabum Si'um
|
Kuda (Uruk) Puzur-ili Ur-Utu
|
|
Umma II dynasty Lugalannatum (vassal of the Gutians)
|
Ur-Baba Gudea![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gudea_of_Lagash_Girsu.jpg/30px-Gudea_of_Lagash_Girsu.jpg) Ur-Ningirsu Ur-gar Nam-mahani
|
Tirigan
|
2125 BCE
|
Tenth Dynasty of Egypt Meryhathor Neferkare VIII Wahkare Khety Merykare
|
Iddi-ilum Ili-Ishar Tura-Dagan Puzur-Ishtar Hitial-Erra Hanun-Dagan (Vassals of Ur III)[7]
|
Uruk V dynasty Utu-hengal
|
2100 BCE
|
Ur III dynasty "Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/5px-Blank_space.png) ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/King_Ur-Nammu.jpg/35px-King_Ur-Nammu.jpg) Ur-Nammu Shulgi Amar-Sin Shu-Sin Ibbi-Sin
|
2050 BCE
|
2000 BCE
|
Middle Kingdom of Egypt Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt Mentuhotep I Intef I Intef II Intef III Mentuhotep II Mentuhotep III Mentuhotep IV
|
circa 2000 BCE
|
Amorite invasions
|
Elamite invasions Kindattu (Shimashki Dynasty)
|
2025-1763 BCE
|
Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt Amenemhat I Senusret I Amenemhat II Senusret II Senusret III Amenemhat III Amenemhat IV Sobekneferu♀
|
Third Eblaite Kingdom
Ibbit-Lim Immeya Indilimma
|
Lim Dynasty Yaggid-Lim Yahdun-Lim Yasmah-Adad Zimri-Lim (Queen Shibtu)
|
Isin-Larsa period (Amorites) Dynasty of Isin: Ishbi-Erra Shu-Ilishu Iddin-Dagan Ishme-Dagan Lipit-Eshtar Ur-Ninurta Bur-Suen Lipit-Enlil Erra-imitti Enlil-bani Zambiya Iter-pisha Ur-du-kuga Suen-magir Damiq-ilishu Dynasty of Larsa: Naplanum Emisum Samium Zabaia Gungunum Abisare Sumuel Nur-Adad Sin-Iddinam Sin-Eribam Sin-Iqisham Silli-Adad Warad-Sin Rim-Sin I (...) Rim-Sin II Uruk VI dynasty: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk Sîn-kāšid Sîn-iribam Sîn-gāmil Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu
|
Sukkalmah dynasty
Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
|
1800–1595 BCE
|
Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
|
Abraham (Biblical) Kings of Byblos Kings of Tyre Kings of Sidon
|
Yamhad
|
Old Assyria (2025–1378 BCE) Puzur-Ashur I Shalim-ahum Ilu-shuma Erishum I Ikunum Sargon I Puzur-Ashur II Naram-Sin Erishum II Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi Bel-bani Libaya Sharma-Adad I Iptar-Sin Bazaya Lullaya Shu-Ninua Sharma-Adad II Erishum III Shamshi-Adad II Ishme-Dagan II Shamshi-Adad III Ashur-nirari I Puzur-Ashur III Enlil-nasir I Nur-ili Ashur-shaduni Ashur-rabi I Ashur-nadin-ahhe I Enlil-Nasir II Ashur-nirari II Ashur-bel-nisheshu Ashur-rim-nisheshu Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
|
First Babylonian dynasty ("Old Babylonian Period") (Amorites) Sumu-abum Sumu-la-El Sin-muballitSabium Apil-Sin Sin-muballit Hammurabi Samsu-iluna Abi-eshuh Ammi-ditana Ammi-saduqa Samsu-Ditana
Early Kassite rulers
|
Second Babylonian dynasty ("Sealand Dynasty") Ilum-ma-ili Itti-ili-nibi Damqi-ilishu Ishkibal Shushushi Gulkishar mDIŠ+U-EN Peshgaldaramesh Ayadaragalama Akurduana Melamkurkurra Ea-gamil
|
Second Intermediate Period Sixteenth Dynasty
Abydos Dynasty
Seventeenth Dynasty
|
Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt ("Hyksos")
Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos Semqen 'Aper-'Anati Sakir-Har Khyan Apepi Khamudi
|
Mitanni (1600–1260 BCE) Kirta Shuttarna I Parshatatar
|
1531–1155 BCE
|
TutankhamunNew Kingdom of Egypt Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Ahmose I Amenhotep I
|
Third Babylonian dynasty (Kassites) Agum-Kakrime Burnaburiash I Kashtiliash III Ulamburiash Agum III Karaindash Kadashman-harbe I Kurigalzu I Kadashman-Enlil I Burnaburiash II Kara-hardash Nazi-Bugash Kurigalzu II Nazi-Maruttash Kadashman-Turgu Kadashman-Enlil II Kudur-Enlil Shagarakti-Shuriash Kashtiliashu IV Enlil-nadin-shumi Kadashman-Harbe II Adad-shuma-iddina Adad-shuma-usur Meli-Shipak II Marduk-apla-iddina I Zababa-shuma-iddin Enlil-nadin-ahi
|
Middle Elamite period
(1500–1100 BCE) Kidinuid dynasty Igehalkid dynasty Untash-Napirisha
|
Thutmose I Thutmose II Hatshepsut♀ Thutmose III
|
Amenhotep II Thutmose IV Amenhotep III Akhenaten Smenkhkare Neferneferuaten♀ Tutankhamun Ay Horemheb
|
Hittite Empire
Ugarit
|
Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt Ramesses I Seti I Ramesses II Merneptah Amenmesses Seti II Siptah Twosret♀
|
Elamite Empire Shutrukid dynasty Shutruk-Nakhunte
|
1155–1025 BCE
|
Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
Setnakhte Ramesses III Ramesses IV Ramesses V Ramesses VI Ramesses VII Ramesses VIII Ramesses IX Ramesses X Ramesses XI
Third Intermediate Period
Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt Smendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamun Psusennes II
|
Phoenicia Kings of Byblos Kings of Tyre Kings of Sidon
Kingdom of Israel Saul Ish-bosheth David Solomon
|
Syro-Hittite states
|
Middle Assyria Eriba-Adad I Ashur-uballit I Enlil-nirari Arik-den-ili Adad-nirari I Shalmaneser I Tukulti-Ninurta I Ashur-nadin-apli Ashur-nirari III Enlil-kudurri-usur Ninurta-apal-Ekur Ashur-dan I Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur Mutakkil-Nusku Ashur-resh-ishi I Tiglath-Pileser I Asharid-apal-Ekur Ashur-bel-kala Eriba-Adad II Shamshi-Adad IV Ashurnasirpal I Shalmaneser II Ashur-nirari IV Ashur-rabi II Ashur-resh-ishi II Tiglath-Pileser II Ashur-dan II
|
Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("Second Dynasty of Isin") Marduk-kabit-ahheshu Itti-Marduk-balatu Ninurta-nadin-shumi Nebuchadnezzar I Enlil-nadin-apli Marduk-nadin-ahhe Marduk-shapik-zeri Adad-apla-iddina Marduk-ahhe-eriba Marduk-zer-X Nabu-shum-libur
|
Neo-Elamite period (1100–540 BCE)
|
1025–934 BCE
|
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos") Simbar-shipak Ea-mukin-zeri Kashshu-nadin-ahi Eulmash-shakin-shumi Ninurta-kudurri-usur I Shirikti-shuqamuna Mar-biti-apla-usur Nabû-mukin-apli
|
911–745 BCE
|
Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt Shoshenq I Osorkon I Shoshenq II Takelot I Osorkon II Shoshenq III Shoshenq IV Pami Shoshenq V Pedubast II Osorkon IV
Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt Harsiese A Takelot II Pedubast I Shoshenq VI Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamun Menkheperre Ini
Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt Tefnakht Bakenranef
|
Kingdom of Samaria
Kingdom of Judah
|
Neo-Assyrian Empire Adad-nirari II Tukulti-Ninurta II Ashurnasirpal II Shalmaneser III Shamshi-Adad V Shammuramat♀ (regent) Adad-nirari III Shalmaneser IV Ashur-Dan III Ashur-nirari V
|
Ninth Babylonian Dynasty Ninurta-kudurri-usur II Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina Shamash-mudammiq Nabu-shuma-ukin I Nabu-apla-iddina Marduk-zakir-shumi I Marduk-balassu-iqbi Baba-aha-iddina (five kings) Ninurta-apla-X Marduk-bel-zeri Marduk-apla-usur Eriba-Marduk Nabu-shuma-ishkun Nabonassar Nabu-nadin-zeri Nabu-shuma-ukin II Nabu-mukin-zeri
|
Humban-Tahrid dynasty
Urtak Teumman Ummanigash Tammaritu I Indabibi Humban-haltash III
|
745–609 BCE
|
Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
Taharqa("Black Pharaohs") Piye Shebitku Shabaka Taharqa Tanutamun
|
Neo-Assyrian Empire
(Sargonid dynasty) Tiglath-Pileser† Shalmaneser† Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon† Sennacherib† Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi† Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon† Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II
|
Assyrian conquest of Egypt
|
|
626–539 BCE
|
Late Period Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt Necho I Psamtik I Necho II Psamtik II Wahibre Ahmose II Psamtik III
|
Neo-Babylonian Empire Nabopolassar Nebuchadnezzar II Amel-Marduk Neriglissar Labashi-Marduk Nabonidus
|
Median Empire Deioces Phraortes Madyes Cyaxares Astyages
|
539–331 BCE
|
Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt (Achaemenid conquest of Egypt)
|
Kings of Byblos Kings of Tyre Kings of Sidon
|
Achaemenid Empire Cyrus Cambyses Darius I Xerxes Artaxerxes I Darius II Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes III Artaxerxes IV Darius III
|
Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
|
Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
|
331–141 BCE
|
Thirty-second Dynasty of Egypt and Thirty-third Dynasty of Egypt Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy Keraunos Ptolemy II Philadelphus Arsinoe II♀ Ptolemy III Euergetes Berenice II Euergetis♀ Ptolemy IV Philopator Arsinoe III Philopator♀ Ptolemy V Epiphanes Cleopatra I Syra♀ Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Cleopatra II Philometor Soter♀ Ptolemy VIII Physcon Cleopatra III♀ Ptolemy IX Lathyros Cleopatra IV♀ Ptolemy X Alexander Berenice III♀ Ptolemy XI Alexander Ptolemy XII Auletes Cleopatra V♀ Cleopatra VI Tryphaena♀ Berenice IV Epiphanea♀ Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy XIV Cleopatra VII Philopator♀ Ptolemy XV Caesarion Arsinoe IV♀
|
Hellenistic Period
Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from BabylonArgead dynasty: Alexander I Philip Alexander II Antigonus
Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes
|
141–30 BCE
|
Kingdom of Judea Simon Thassi John Hyrcanus Aristobulus I Alexander Jannaeus Salome Alexandra♀ Hyrcanus II Aristobulus II Antigonus II Mattathias
|
Alexander II Zabinas Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus
|
Parthian Empire Mithridates I Phraates Hyspaosines Artabanus Mithridates II Gotarzes Mithridates III Orodes I Sinatruces Phraates III Mithridates IV Orodes II Phraates IV Tiridates II Musa Phraates V Orodes III Vonones I Artabanus II Tiridates III Artabanus II Vardanes I Gotarzes II Meherdates Vonones II Vologases I Vardanes II Pacorus II Vologases II Artabanus III Osroes I
|
30 BCE–116 CE
|
Roman Empire
|
(Roman conquest of Egypt) Province of Egypt
|
Judea
|
Syria
|
116-117 CE
|
Province of Mesopotamia under Trajan
|
Parthamaspates of Parthia
|
117–224 CE
|
Syria Palaestina
|
Province of Mesopotamia
|
Sinatruces II Mithridates V Vologases IV Osroes II Vologases V Vologases VI Artabanus IV
|
224–270 CE
|
Sasanian Empire Province of Asoristan
Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.Ardashir I Shapur I Hormizd I Bahram I Bahram II Bahram III Narseh Hormizd II Adur Narseh Shapur II Ardashir II Shapur III Bahram IV Yazdegerd I Shapur IV Khosrow Bahram V Yazdegerd II Hormizd III Peroz I Balash Kavad I Jamasp Kavad I Khosrow I Hormizd IV Khosrow II Bahram VI Chobin Vistahm
|
270–273 CE
|
Palmyrene Empire Vaballathus Zenobia♀ Antiochus
|
273–395 CE
|
Roman Empire
|
Province of Egypt
|
Syria Palaestina
|
Syria
|
Province of Mesopotamia
|
395–618 CE
|
Byzantine Empire
|
Byzantine Egypt
|
Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda
|
Byzantine Syria
|
Byzantine Mesopotamia
|
618–628 CE
|
(Sasanian conquest of Egypt) Province of Egypt Shahrbaraz Sahralanyozan Shahrbaraz
|
Sasanian Empire Province of Asoristan Khosrow II Kavad II
|
628–641 CE
|
Byzantine Empire
|
Ardashir III Shahrbaraz Khosrow III Boran Shapur-i Shahrvaraz Azarmidokht Farrukh Hormizd Hormizd VI Khosrow IV Boran Yazdegerd III Peroz III Narsieh
|
Byzantine Egypt
|
Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda
|
Byzantine Syria
|
Byzantine Mesopotamia
|
639–651 CE
|
Muslim conquest of Egypt
|
Muslim conquest of the Levant
|
Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
|
Chronology of the Neolithic period
|
Rulers of Ancient Central Asia
|
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