Dentistery

To compare the effect of 5.25% NaOCl or 17% EDTA solutions on the surface topography and roughness of GTX, TF, RaCe and Hero Shaper instruments using atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. Four new files of each brand were subjected to AMF analysis; then each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 2) in which instruments were immersed in either 5.25% NaOCl or 17% EDTA solutions for 5 min, thereafter subjected to AFM analysis again. Ra and the RMS values were chosen to investigate the surface features of endodontic files. Before immersion in irrigating solution, TF and Hero Shaper instruments had the significantly highest roughness values and RaCe had the significantly lowest values (P ≤ 0.05). After immersion in NaOCl, GTX and RaCe instruments were not significantly different from the new instruments, nor between them. There was a significant increase in Ra and RMS values for TF and Hero Shaper instruments over that of untreated ones and that of GTX and RaCe instruments. No significant increase in surface roughness of the instruments was recorded with EDTA. 17% EDTA did not significantly affect the surface roughness of the instruments, whilst 5.25% NaOCl increased the surface roughness of TF and Hero Shaper significantly more than that of RaCe and GTX instruments.

Introduction: Cryotherapy is a new form of treatment, in which the body is exposed to cold temperatures. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of intracanal cryotherapy on postendodontic pain and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight single-rooted teeth in patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly divided into four groups based on the irrigation protocol. Group I (control): 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at room temperature (RT) was used during instrumentation and final rinse. Group II: 5% cold NaOCl (2°C–5°C) was used during the root canal procedure. Group III: 5% NaOCl at RT during instrumentation, while the final rinse was 20 mL of 5% cold NaOCl (2°C–5°C). Group IV: 5% NaOCl at RT during instrumentation followed by 20 mL of cold saline (2°C–5°C). Postoperative pain score was recorded using a modified visual analog scale at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and after 1 week. Paper point...

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 17% EDTA, 18% etidronic acid, and 7% maleic acid in smear layer removal using scanning electron microscopic image analysis. Materials and Methods: Thirty, freshly extracted mandibular premolars were used. The teeth were decoronated to obtain working length of 17mm and instrumentation up to 40 size (K file) with 2.5% NaOCl irrigation between each file. The samples were divided into Groups I (17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)), II (18% etidronic acid), and III (7% maleic acid) containing 10 samples each. Longitudinal sectioning of the samples was done. Then the samples were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) at apical, middle, and coronal levels. The images were scored according to the criteria: 1. No smear layer, 2. moderate smear layer, and 3 heavy smear layer. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed statistically using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Mann-Whitney U test for individual comparisons. The level for significance was set at 0.05. Results: The present study showed that all the three experimental irrigants removed the smear layer from different tooth levels (coronal, middle, and apical). Final irrigation with 7% maleic acid is more efficient than 17% EDTA and 18% etidronic acid in the removal of smear layer from the apical third of root canal.

The use of high throughput next generation technologies has allowed more comprehensive analysis than traditional Sanger sequencing. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity of primary endodontic infections using Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform in Egyptian patients. Samples were collected from 19 patients in Suez Canal University Hospital (Endodontic Department) using sterile # 15K file and paper points. DNA was extracted using Mo Bio power soil DNA isolation extraction kit followed by PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis. The microbiome was characterized on the basis of the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene by using paired-end sequencing on Illumina MiSeq device. MOTHUR software was used in sequence filtration and analysis of sequenced data. A total of 1858 operational taxonomic units at 97% similarity were assigned to 26 phyla, 245 families, and 705 genera. Four main phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, ...

Aim Biocompatibility of materials used in regenerative endodontics is of prime importance. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate and compare cytotoxicity and apoptotic changes of propolis, chitosan, and their nano counterparts on dental pulp stem cells. Materials and methods Aqueous and ethanolic extract of propolis, chitosan, propolis nanoparticles, and chitosan nanoparticles were prepared. Dental pulp stem cells were isolated from human third molars and characterized. Cultured cells were incubated with each extract of each material used for 24 and 72 h. Thereafter, cellular viability was assessed using MTT assay and DNA fragmentation using DNA fragmentation laddering assay. Control samples containing only medium were treated similarly. Differences in mean values of cell viability and DNA fragmentation between materials were assessed by using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Results Nanoparticles of both materials expressed higher cell viability and lower DNA fragmentation in comparison to their original particles counterpart. Chitosan nanoparticles recorded a lower cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation after 24 h, which increased by time, meanwhile that of propolis nanoparticles were decreased by time. Type of vehicle was a factor affecting the results of chitosan nanoparticles, while time was the factor affecting propolis nanoparticles. Conclusion Both propolis and chitosan nanoparticles displayed an acceptable biocompatibility and can be used in endodontic regeneration purposes.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: intracanal medicaments have an important role in disinfecting ofthe pulp space and in endodontic regenerative procedures. These medications comein close contact with the periradicular tissue, thus their degradation products must bebiocompatible with the periapical tissue. Otherwise, these medicaments will resultin intense inflammatory reaction. Aim of the study: The purpose of this in vitrostudy was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of three intracanal medications;Neem oil, double antibiotic paste (DAP) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).Materials and Methods: Immortalized human gingival fibroblast cells were retrievedfrom the cell bank and then cultured. Three different intracanal medications (Neemoil, DAP, Ca(OH)2) were added to the cultured cells. Cell viability was evaluatedusing 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) andApoptosis/necrosis assays. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVAand post-hoc Tukey t...

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the radiographic and histopathologic outcomes of immature dog teeth with apical periodontitis after revascularization using propolis. Materials and Methods: Periapical pathosis was induced in 48 double-rooted premolars in six dogs aged 6–9 months. The root canals were irrigated with 10 mL of 2.25% NaOCl per tooth. The teeth were divided into two groups (24 teeth each) according to the disinfection of root canals as follows: Group I (propolis group): disinfected with propolis paste and Group II (control group): without disinfectant. After 3 weeks, bleeding was induced to fill the canal spaces, the pulp chamber of the teeth was plugged with mineral trioxide aggregate, and the access cavities were sealed with glass ionomer cement. Samples were classified into three subgroups depending on the evaluation period as follows: subgroup i: 2 weeks, subgroup ii: 4 weeks, and subgroup iii: 8 weeks. Increase in the root length and root thickness and decea...

Aim: To evaluate the effect of intra-canal cryotherapy on interleukin-1β and interleukin-10 expression in teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Methodology: Forty-eight single rooted teeth in patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the irrigation protocol. Group I (control); 5% sodium hypochlorite at room temperature. Group II; 5% cold sodium hypochlorite (2-5°C). Group III; final rinse with 20 mL of 5% cold sodium hypochlorite (2-5°C) for 5 minutes. Group IV; final rinse with 20 mL of cold saline (25°C) for 5 minutes. Paper point passing 2 mm beyond the apex was used to collect periapical fluid before, immediately after mechanical instrumentation and after one week to characterize the mRNA expression of IL-1β and Il-10 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA to compare between all groups. Results: Our results revealed statistically significant (at P≤ 0.05) ...

Aim : This study aim to evaluate the physicochemical properties (pH, calcium ion release, solubility and setting time) of different pulp capping materials [Bioaggregate (BA), Nano Bioactive glass (NBAG), Nano MTA& MTA] in vitro, and to observe the histopathological pulp response following direct pulp capping of dog’s teeth. Material &Methods : for the weight loss, pH changes and calcium ions release, the tested specimens were immersed in distilled water. The solubility tests recorded weight loss of the test materials after immersion in distilled water. The evaluations were performed at 1h, 24h and 7 days. For the histological evaluation twenty adult dogs were used in this study, (8 teeth for each dog), classified into 4 experimental groups as follows :Group 1: BA. Group 2: NBAG. Group 3: MTA. Group 4: NMTA, the pulpal tissue response was assessed at 1 month and 3 months time intervals. Results: Bioaggregate showed the highest mean values for ph, ca ions release and solubility tests,...

Most endodontic failures occur as a result of leakage of microorganism and their by-products from pathologically involved filled root canal system and destroy periradicular tissue. When failures occur, surgical endodontic therapy with retrograde filling is indicated to obtain an apical seal and save the tooth. This study was evaluated and compared the sealing ability on the internal apical bacterial leakage of non-vital infected root canal using Nano Hydroxyapatite (NHA) and Mineral trioxide aggregate (Pro Root MTA) as retrograde filling materials.