Over the past 15 years, we have witnessed rapid increases in R&D activities and applications of hyperspectral imaging in food and agriculture. Hyperspectral imaging integrates the main features of imaging and spectroscopic techniques so as to expand our capability of detecting minor or more sophisticated features or characteristics of an object both spatially and spectrally that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to accomplish with either imaging or spectroscopic technique. This book is intended to give a broad, comprehensive coverage of hyperspectral imaging technology and its applications in food and agriculture. It is written for both researchers who are currently engaged or interested in this area of research and advanced-level students who want to acquire special knowledge about basic concepts, principles, and applications of hyperspectral imaging. The book is organized into two parts. The first part gives readers a general introduction to the instrumentation and implementation modalities of hyperspectral imaging technology, hyperspectral image processing, and analysis techniques; it starts with basic image and spectroscopic data processing and analysis methods, followed by the specific methods and techniques for processing and analysis of hyperspectral images for quality and safety classification and prediction. The second part, consisting of ten chapters, covers a range of applications of hyperspectral imaging technology from food quality and safety inspection to plant health detection and monitoring to precision agriculture and real-time as well as microscope applications.