It has been a formidable task to achieve efficiency and scalability for the alignment between
two massive, conceptually similar ontologies. Here we assume, an ontology is typically
given in RDF (Resource Description Framework) or OWL (Web Ontology Language) and
can be represented by a directed graph. A straightforward approach to the alignment of two
ontologies entails an O (N2) computation by comparing every combination of pairs of nodes
from given two ontologies, where N denotes the average number of nodes in each ontology …