Itsembabwoko ry’Abayahudi
Itsembabwoko ry’Abayahudi [1] cyangwa Jenoside y’Abayahudi [2] (izina mu kiyahudi שואה)
Leta y’Abadage (Großdeutsches Reich) yakoze gahunda yo kurimbura imbaga y’abayahudi igeze kuri 6.000.000 hagati ya 1938 na 1946. Bishe n abanazi n abandi babafashije mu Budage no mu Burayi bwose bwari bwigaruriwe na leta ya Hitler.
Irondakoko ryibasiye abayahudi bita antisémitisme ni ryo rikuru cyane ryabaye mu madini, mu bukungu, muri politike no mu muco. Leta ya Hitler niyo yarigize ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Batangira kwirukanwa mu Budage, bamwe barahava. Abasigaye baricwa mu bihugu byose byari byatsinze : Pologne, Autriche, URSS, France, Pays-Bas, Belgique, Grèce, Yougoslavie n’ahandi. Jenoside y’Abayahudi yitwa shoah (שואה) bivuga gutsembwatsembwa (destruction totale, destruction absolue, catastrophe écrassante). Hari n’igihe bakoresha ijambo Holocauste , bivuga gutangwaho igitambo (une immolation entièrement consommée). Ayo magambo ariko ashobora no gukoreshwa ku zindi jenoside zabaye ahandi.
Abayahudi ndetse n’abandi bishwe n’abanazi bagiye bakusanyirizwa mu bigo, byitwa camps de concentration . Ariko hari n’ibindi byitwaga ibigo by imirimo (camps de travail), hakaba ibindi byitwaga iby imfungwa z’intambara (camps pour prisonniers de guerre), ndetse habaga n’ibyo bitaga iby’agateganyo (camp de transit). Hakaba ariko cyane cyane ibigo by’urupfu (camps d extermination ou de la mort). Byose hamwe byari hafi 30. Ibizwi cyane ni Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, Mauyhausen, Auschwitz, Birkenan, Chelmo, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobidor, Na Majdaneki.
Urupfu rw umwihariko rw’abayahudi ni ukwicishwa uburozi bwa Gaz Bafungiranaga abayahudi mu bikamyo bifungiranye hose, cyangwa mu byumba binini bifungiranye hose, bakoherezamo uburozi bw’umwuka wa GAZ (Zyklon B) Bagapfa nyuma y’iminota 15-20.
Abayahudi bicanywe n’abandi bantu batari abayahudi, bamwe bazize ibyo bakoraga, abandi kubera ibyo bangaga gukora cyangwa gusa kubera icyo baricyo. Abo ni nk’abakomunisti, abasosiyalisti, abaliberali, abasendikalisti, abitwa « homosexuels », abo mw idini rya « Témoins de Jéhovah », abitwa « Tsiganes ».
Abandi bishwe ari benshi ni imfungwa z’intambara z’abasovietike : hishwe hafi 3.300.000. Abandi bishwe ari benshi ni aba SLAVES bo muri U.R.S.S. no muri Pologne : hishwe hamwe hagati ya 19.000.700 na 24.000.000 y’abaturage . Abantu bose bazize jenoside y’abanazi bageze kuri 26.000.000, harimo 6.000.000 z abayahudi, hagati ya 500.000 na 1.000.000 y’abaTsiganes n abandi bagizwe cyane cyane n’abaslaves.
Notes
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]- ↑ http://www.irdp.rw/docs/jenoside.pdf
- ↑ "Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-29. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
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