Iruka ryo kuruhande
Iruka ryo kuruhande ni iruka ry'ibirunga ribera ku mpande z'ikirunga, aho kuba mu mpinga yaryo. Uku guturika kugaragara iyo umuyoboro uhuza impinga n'icyumba cya magma hepfo uhagaritswe, bigatuma magma yimuka kuruhande.
Incamake
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ku birunga bimwe na bimwe, kuruka kuruhande birasanzwe, kandi bibaho mugihe cyasobanuwe neza. Uku ni ko bimeze ku birunga bya Mauna Loa na Kilauea muri Hawaii, Piton de la Fournaise ku kirwa cya Reunion, [1] n'umusozi wa Etna mu Ubutaliyani . [2] Kuruhande no hejuru kuruka bishobora kubaho icyarimwe. [3]
Iyo hari uturere dutuwe kumpande y'ikirunga, kuruka kuruhande birashobora kwangiza kandi biteje akaga kuruta guturika. [4] Kuruka ku mpande bishobora kandi gutuma habaho isenyuka ry’inyubako y’ibirunga, bigatera kuruka kuruhande (nko guturika kw umusozi wa Mutagatifu Helens mu 1980 ), inkangu na tsunami. Ugusenyuka-gutwara ibintu biri mubintu binini kandi byangiza cyane ibirunga. [5]
Amashakiro
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]- ↑ : 112–129.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ : 174–184.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ "The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano | Science". science.sciencemag.org. Archived from the original on 2019-01-25.
- ↑ : 1615–1625.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ : 1146.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help)