Papers by Abdullah-Al- Faisal
Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment (Elsevier), 2020
Keywords: Land use and land cover Land surface temperature NDBI Markov chain Artificial neural ne... more Keywords: Land use and land cover Land surface temperature NDBI Markov chain Artificial neural network A B S T R A C T Urbanization causes enormous land use and land cover (LULC) changes, which creates a significant impacts on land surface temperature (LST) in rapidly growing mega-cities. The substantial increment of the LST creates urban heat island (UHI) effects in cities. This study first identified the pattern of the LULC changes, and later, investigated their impacts on LST in Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) areas for the years of 1999, 2009 and 2019 using Landsat TM/OLI satellite images. This study explored the impact of LULC change on LST through LST distribution in different land use categories, cross-section profile of LULC wise LST variability, and a correlation between LULC indexes (NDVI, NDBI, NDBaI & NDWI) and LST. The Multi-Layer Perceptron-Markov Chain (MLP-MC) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods were utilized to simulate the LULC and LST maps, respectively , for the years of 2029 and 2039. The accuracy of LULC and LST simulation models are more than 85% and 90% , respectively, based on the validation results. Simulation results show if the current trend of urban growth continues, 70% and 88% of RCC area will experience temperature more than 38 � C in 2029 and 2039, respectively. Such impacts need to be considered and evaluated immediately for ensuring sustainable urbanization and natural resource management in the RCC area. This study will be helpful for urban planners and environmental engineers to understand the impacts of LULC change (e.g. loss of vegetation cover, agricultural land and water bodies to accommodate extensive urban growth) on LST and to propose appropriate policy measures to control it.
Gatha Congnation, 2019
Urbanization has been contributing more in global climate warming, with more than
50% of the popu... more Urbanization has been contributing more in global climate warming, with more than
50% of the population living in cities. Rapid population growth and change in land use /
land cover (LULC) are closely linked. The transformation of LULC due to rapid urban
expansion significantly affects the functions of biodiversity and ecosystems, as well as
local and regional climates. Improper planning and uncontrolled management of LULC
changes profoundly contribute to the rise of urban land surface temperature (LST). This
study evaluates the impact of LULC changes on LST for 1997, 2007 and 2017 in the
Rajshahi district (Bangladesh) using multi-temporal and multi-spectral Landsat 8 OLI
and Landsat 5 TM satellite data sets. The analysis of LULC changes exposed a
remarkable increase in the built-up areas and a significant decrease in the vegetation
and agricultural land. The built-up area was increased almost double in last 20 years in
the study area. The distribution of changes in LST shows that built-up areas recorded
the highest temperature followed by bare land, vegetation and agricultural land and
water bodies. The LULC-LST profiles also revealed the highest temperature in built-up
areas and the lowest temperature in water bodies. In the last 20 years, LST was
increased about 13ºC. The study demonstrates decrease in vegetation cover and increase
in non-evaporating surfaces with significantly increases the surface temperature in the
study area. Remote-sensing techniques were found one of the suitable techniques for
rapid analysis of urban expansions and to identify the impact of urbanization on LST.
Journal of Geographical Studies, 2020
Consumption of non-renewable energy resources and global warming are increasing due to excessive ... more Consumption of non-renewable energy resources and global warming are increasing due to excessive dependency on motorized vehicle. The study investigates the influencing factors for private motor vehicle dependency to develop a structural equation model (SEM) for quantifying subjective motor vehicle dependency by examining the determinants. A questionnaire survey of 130 random samples was conducted among private motor vehicle users from different districts of Bangladesh. On the basis of user practical experience and reliance on motor vehicle use, a subjective measure of private motor vehicle dependency is established. Results support to accept the model hypothesis which is MVU [Motor Vehicle Use] affects DEPEND [Dependency on Motor Vehicle] positively and both negatively affect INTENT [Intention to Reduce Motor Vehicle]. Hence, children and monthly income of respondents have large influence on motor vehicle use as the beta weights are 1.22 and 1.01, respectively. In case of dependency, regression weight shows that fuel expenses, average travelling distance, speed have significant influences. Besides, the greater social grade shows less intention to reduce motor vehicle use. The study shows clear overview of possible affecting factors behind dependency which can be reflected in decision-making strategies.
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development, 2018
Open space is a vital part of city life which enhances the attractiveness of a community and pro... more Open space is a vital part of city life which enhances the attractiveness of a community and provides an opportunity for recreation, playing, political activities, cultural activities, and so on. Along with enhancing the quality of life, open space can provide significant economic benefits and compatible future growth. With the increase in urbanization, the open spaces have been demolished for the purpose of residential or commercial activities. At present, these places also failed to maintain their planning standard for a community which is mentioned in private residential land development act of Bangladesh. The aim of the research
is to find out the causes and the impact of open space reduction in Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) area with the help of participatory rural appraisal techniques. The research also tries to give some suitable recommendation which helps the community, local and national authorities to preserve this open space. The preservation of these open spaces will provide more recreation places for the children, younger age, and older people which enhance their mental and physical strength. The study finds that in a gap of fewer than 10 years, RCC area lost 27 (35.64 acres) of its open space. The main reasons for the loss of these open spaces are the land acquisition by the authority for undertaken various development activities. The current alarming situation will be improved if the planning standard is followed to accommodate the present and future provision and the involvement of local communities in
any decision-making for the betterment of the community.
Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS, 2018
Recording of hydrological parameters of a flood with conventional means often fails due to an ex... more Recording of hydrological parameters of a flood with conventional means often fails due to an extreme event
especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Flood water causes a lot of property damage almost every year
and it demands to be controlled for economic growth by water management. The objective of the study is to analyze
the damages according to different land uses like urban area (Built-up) or agricultural lands, flood height and thus
the percentages of loss in different land use in various corresponding year. Naogaon District has been chosen as the
study area for this analysis. Remote Sensing data has been used in this context as remote sensing technology
along with Geographic Information System (GIS) has become a key tool for flood monitoring in recent years.
Satellite images which have been collected from Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper for the year 2004, 2007 and 2012
and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) images for the year 2017. In
each year images of different times (March and September) of Naogaon district have been analyzed with
Geographical Information System (GIS) and ERDAS Imagine software. The analysis demonstrate the variation of
land use changes in before and after flood occurrence month from 2004 to 2017 depends on this change. The
analysis also describe the relation of the flood in that four observation years as well as the percentages of loss
association with the flood spread, flood height, and land uses. The study helps to find out the losses and related
relations of flood and thus the importance of water management. The study demonstrates an encouragement to
further flood water management studies.
Water body extraction is an important task in evaluation of water resources disciplines of develo... more Water body extraction is an important task in evaluation of water resources disciplines of developing country especially in Bangladesh. In Rajshahi metropolis, there were 729 ponds and canals in 2002, but the figure had been fallen to 393 in 2013 because of indiscriminate land filling and unplanned urbanization. Therefore, the aim of the study is to explore the association of decadal changing pattern of decreasing surface water body in 30 years (1996, 2006 and 2016) of Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) area and to identify the persistence where water bodies are filled up because of rapid urbanization activities. Decadal Land Cover and Water Body Maps of the study area have been prepared for 1996, 2006 and 2016 using Landsat satellite images. A change detection technique which gives automatic water body extraction and mapping of the location, scarcity and morphometric of water body has been applied to extract the water body changes by integrating Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) applications. The association has been established by the locations of rapid urbanization areas. The study finds that most of the water bodies are filled up due to rapid urbanization where people used to fill up the surface water bodies for residential and commercial settlements which affects climate change, biological diversity and human wellbeing. The study describe a national problem named urbanization which increases rapidly and damages our biodiversity and climate. The findings will help the concerned authority who can use this information for further planning and strategy making policy about better management of water bodies in future.
IJSER, 2017
— Child labor is regarded as one of the most common problems in Bangladesh where 93% of child lab... more — Child labor is regarded as one of the most common problems in Bangladesh where 93% of child laborer are employed in the informal sector such as small factories and workshops, on the street, in home-based business and domestic employment which cannot be ignored. Many families rely on the income generated by their children for survival, so the problem child labor becomes worthy. Rajshahi is the main city of its division and so the opportunity of work is more available here. The study finds out the push factors behind child labor with their families' lifestyle and tries to eradicate this problem. In this study, 90 families have been interviewed from different slum areas of Rajshahi (e.g. Padma Residential Slum, Vodra Railway Slum and Talaimari Slum). To collect primary data, a well-organized questionnaire has been prepared and face to face interview has been taken with that questionnaires. Simple random sampling technique has been used for the study. After completing the survey and collecting data, an analysis has been done and a conclusion of an overview of child laborer's demographic condition has come out. Various socioeconomic and demographic variables have been considered at the time of data collection. In addition, secondary data has been used from various child labor's relevant books, articles, documents and officials through internet browsing. This survey finds out that the major factor behind child labor is poverty and also the family background of these laborers is also another worthy factor of child labor. And finally some suggestion, like providing school amenities and economic help has been designed to eradicate this problem as possible. As this study captured all possible causes behind this curse so, considering the causes the study will be an eyewitness account for policy makers as well as corresponding authority to demolish the name of 'child labor'.
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research , Nov 2017
Gentle-breezes, quench weather is always admired by Bangladeshi people because it refreshes human... more Gentle-breezes, quench weather is always admired by Bangladeshi people because it refreshes human body so there is nothing but riverbank is one of the finest places for recreation. For designing riverbank as a recreational area, the investigation results indicate the Padma riverbank area because Padma is the largest river in Bangladesh, situated in Rajshahi City, is very resourceful, but yet not utilized properly, remains unplanned. Examination of recent landscape architecture, the river bank can be made attractive, a place for recreation, ensure public safety of the river bank with an aesthetic look, which will reduce the hazarded pressure of human. The main objective of the study is to make the riverbank safe, aesthetic and functional through a viable landscape design. Designing the site, at first a reconnaissance survey was held by the survey team. The topographic condition, soil characteristics, weathering condition, existing condition, public access etc. are considered during this survey. In addition, secondary data has been used from various articles through internet browsing. Analyzing the various determinant factors of the site, feedback from the inhabitants of the area, a proper guideline was determined on the basis of their demand. For multipurpose uses of this place, different types of equipment are arranged in the landscape design. The planning sketch demonstrating that the study area size is around 3.1 kilometers. This project offers a place where people of every age will find their needs in the term of recreation also increase the economic growth and will also articulate the river in urban space. As Bangladesh is land of rivers so this project initiative will expand and encourage developing other riverbanks.
Disasters are an uncertain and unavoidable event in nature, which affect adversely social, eco... more Disasters are an uncertain and unavoidable event in nature, which affect adversely social, economic,
environmental and humanitarian sectors. The main objective of the study is to identify a significant pattern
of a certain disaster over time using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS)
applications to understand its nature which will help to solve complex planning and management problem
and decision making. It will provide a starting point for researchers on a direction of strategy making to
reduce the damage. Obtaining Multi-temporal spatial data from Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
wavelengths and sensors, give a framework to pretend the nature of the disaster in GIS. Satellite covers a
larger area than any other platform to analyze micro climate and damage detection in large scale natural
disaster. This review paper will work as a tool for applying GIS & RS in disaster management. This
technology can be utilized in some phase of a disaster management such as prevention, preparedness, relief,
reconstruction, warming and monitoring and will create scope for further analysis for disaster management .
Conference Presentations by Abdullah-Al- Faisal
A good water supply is a precondition to providing a well-facilitated living place. But the surfa... more A good water supply is a precondition to providing a well-facilitated living place. But the surface water (both ponds and river water) of Rajshahi City is not suitable for drinking and cooking purposes and Rajshahi WASA can serve maximum 67% of dwellers and the rest use ground water. The main objective of the study is to know the availability of ground water sources and water demands of the respondents as well as the health risk of using this water. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 200 random samples from different wards of Rajshahi city to collect the present information of their water use, difficulties and requirements. The collected and categorized data, based on the household and housing material, were analysed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; version 21). Statistical analysis shows that more than 40% of the poor household don't have any tube well or pipeline connection and almost 60% of them collect water from more than 50m distance. More than 90% family use different water for drinking and cooking than the other daily uses. The major possible remedies from their suffering condition, according to the respondents, are to supply water from Rajshahi WASA, to install deep tube well by the government, to supply water by grouping the houses, rainwater use, etc. This study helps to find out the sufferings of people for water (especially the poor people) and ways to mitigate their sufferings. Furthermore, the study argues a national problem statistically which will make a framework from where concerned authority should be careful and also the analysed data will be a resource for further planning. INTRODUCTION Rajshahi is the fourth largest city of Bangladesh and a major urban, commercial, and educational centre of North Bengal. It is the administrative seat of Rajshahi Division and Rajshahi District (Wikipedia, 2017). So, the city is of great importance and attracts people from nearby northern areas of Bangladesh. These people need a well facilitated living place and good water supply is a precondition to that. In Rajshahi City, Rajshahi WASA is able to serve only 67% of the city dwellers with water supply and the rest 33% of the population doesn't have access to safe drinking water as yet (The Independent, 2018). Moreover, surface water (both ponds and river water) of Rajshahi City is not suitable for drinking and cooking purposes, and the dwellers of this city have to depend on arsenic free tube-well water as source of safe and potable water (Rahman, 2005). The Bangladesh Arsenic Mitigation Water Supply Project analysed 25 deep tube wells water under the management of Rajshahi City Corporation and found that 15 out of those deep tube wells were contaminated with arsenic level above the WHO guide line value (0.01 ppm), of which 4 exceeded the Bangladesh standard (0.05 ppm) and the concentration of iron, manganese and total hardness in tube well water of the study area were very high. So, water from any source, either groundwater or surface water, must be treated before use (Rasul; Jahan, 2010). The major causes of the non-usage of water with excessive iron are bad taste and odour; stickiness of hair and roughness of skin and also it makes the teeth and nail black and weak (Hossin; Huda, 1997). Comparing the quality of ground water with the Padma water it was found that the river water is more suitable for use as potable water after proper treatment (Rasul; Jahan, 2010). The present water availability and quality can be analysed to know the water supply condition in Rajshahi city.
In a sharp sight, the present business world is continually depending on the e-business (electric... more In a sharp sight, the present business world is continually depending on the e-business (electric
business) in creating a nation like Bangladesh in light of the fact that the underline moto of creating
nation is to digitalized everyday exercises of human life. For making e-business sector more
relevant, effective and hazards consuming web GIS (geographical information system) will work
as a crucial part. In the context of e-business, this present research work penetrates the usage of
Web GIS to disseminate maximum level of information to the customers, at the same time allowing
the companies to visualize where their potential customers are located by analyzing geographic,
demographic, economic, psychographic, market characteristics for the right customer just on a
click. For making the research work more focused and informative our analyzing area will be B2C
(business to customer) based websites and consumer preferences. It discusses how this modern
GIT system is used for collecting and analyzing the business information and effectively
contributing to the business decision-making process. Thus, this technology provides technical
support for strategic planning, supply chain management, online marketing techniques, improving
efficiency and attaining competitive advantage for the business organizations. This paper will be
helpful to understand the collaborative relationship with web GIS and e-business and will draw an
informative line for further research work.
Keywords: E-business, Web GIS, B2C, GIT system, Collaborative relation
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Papers by Abdullah-Al- Faisal
50% of the population living in cities. Rapid population growth and change in land use /
land cover (LULC) are closely linked. The transformation of LULC due to rapid urban
expansion significantly affects the functions of biodiversity and ecosystems, as well as
local and regional climates. Improper planning and uncontrolled management of LULC
changes profoundly contribute to the rise of urban land surface temperature (LST). This
study evaluates the impact of LULC changes on LST for 1997, 2007 and 2017 in the
Rajshahi district (Bangladesh) using multi-temporal and multi-spectral Landsat 8 OLI
and Landsat 5 TM satellite data sets. The analysis of LULC changes exposed a
remarkable increase in the built-up areas and a significant decrease in the vegetation
and agricultural land. The built-up area was increased almost double in last 20 years in
the study area. The distribution of changes in LST shows that built-up areas recorded
the highest temperature followed by bare land, vegetation and agricultural land and
water bodies. The LULC-LST profiles also revealed the highest temperature in built-up
areas and the lowest temperature in water bodies. In the last 20 years, LST was
increased about 13ºC. The study demonstrates decrease in vegetation cover and increase
in non-evaporating surfaces with significantly increases the surface temperature in the
study area. Remote-sensing techniques were found one of the suitable techniques for
rapid analysis of urban expansions and to identify the impact of urbanization on LST.
is to find out the causes and the impact of open space reduction in Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) area with the help of participatory rural appraisal techniques. The research also tries to give some suitable recommendation which helps the community, local and national authorities to preserve this open space. The preservation of these open spaces will provide more recreation places for the children, younger age, and older people which enhance their mental and physical strength. The study finds that in a gap of fewer than 10 years, RCC area lost 27 (35.64 acres) of its open space. The main reasons for the loss of these open spaces are the land acquisition by the authority for undertaken various development activities. The current alarming situation will be improved if the planning standard is followed to accommodate the present and future provision and the involvement of local communities in
any decision-making for the betterment of the community.
especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Flood water causes a lot of property damage almost every year
and it demands to be controlled for economic growth by water management. The objective of the study is to analyze
the damages according to different land uses like urban area (Built-up) or agricultural lands, flood height and thus
the percentages of loss in different land use in various corresponding year. Naogaon District has been chosen as the
study area for this analysis. Remote Sensing data has been used in this context as remote sensing technology
along with Geographic Information System (GIS) has become a key tool for flood monitoring in recent years.
Satellite images which have been collected from Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper for the year 2004, 2007 and 2012
and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) images for the year 2017. In
each year images of different times (March and September) of Naogaon district have been analyzed with
Geographical Information System (GIS) and ERDAS Imagine software. The analysis demonstrate the variation of
land use changes in before and after flood occurrence month from 2004 to 2017 depends on this change. The
analysis also describe the relation of the flood in that four observation years as well as the percentages of loss
association with the flood spread, flood height, and land uses. The study helps to find out the losses and related
relations of flood and thus the importance of water management. The study demonstrates an encouragement to
further flood water management studies.
environmental and humanitarian sectors. The main objective of the study is to identify a significant pattern
of a certain disaster over time using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS)
applications to understand its nature which will help to solve complex planning and management problem
and decision making. It will provide a starting point for researchers on a direction of strategy making to
reduce the damage. Obtaining Multi-temporal spatial data from Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
wavelengths and sensors, give a framework to pretend the nature of the disaster in GIS. Satellite covers a
larger area than any other platform to analyze micro climate and damage detection in large scale natural
disaster. This review paper will work as a tool for applying GIS & RS in disaster management. This
technology can be utilized in some phase of a disaster management such as prevention, preparedness, relief,
reconstruction, warming and monitoring and will create scope for further analysis for disaster management .
Conference Presentations by Abdullah-Al- Faisal
business) in creating a nation like Bangladesh in light of the fact that the underline moto of creating
nation is to digitalized everyday exercises of human life. For making e-business sector more
relevant, effective and hazards consuming web GIS (geographical information system) will work
as a crucial part. In the context of e-business, this present research work penetrates the usage of
Web GIS to disseminate maximum level of information to the customers, at the same time allowing
the companies to visualize where their potential customers are located by analyzing geographic,
demographic, economic, psychographic, market characteristics for the right customer just on a
click. For making the research work more focused and informative our analyzing area will be B2C
(business to customer) based websites and consumer preferences. It discusses how this modern
GIT system is used for collecting and analyzing the business information and effectively
contributing to the business decision-making process. Thus, this technology provides technical
support for strategic planning, supply chain management, online marketing techniques, improving
efficiency and attaining competitive advantage for the business organizations. This paper will be
helpful to understand the collaborative relationship with web GIS and e-business and will draw an
informative line for further research work.
Keywords: E-business, Web GIS, B2C, GIT system, Collaborative relation
50% of the population living in cities. Rapid population growth and change in land use /
land cover (LULC) are closely linked. The transformation of LULC due to rapid urban
expansion significantly affects the functions of biodiversity and ecosystems, as well as
local and regional climates. Improper planning and uncontrolled management of LULC
changes profoundly contribute to the rise of urban land surface temperature (LST). This
study evaluates the impact of LULC changes on LST for 1997, 2007 and 2017 in the
Rajshahi district (Bangladesh) using multi-temporal and multi-spectral Landsat 8 OLI
and Landsat 5 TM satellite data sets. The analysis of LULC changes exposed a
remarkable increase in the built-up areas and a significant decrease in the vegetation
and agricultural land. The built-up area was increased almost double in last 20 years in
the study area. The distribution of changes in LST shows that built-up areas recorded
the highest temperature followed by bare land, vegetation and agricultural land and
water bodies. The LULC-LST profiles also revealed the highest temperature in built-up
areas and the lowest temperature in water bodies. In the last 20 years, LST was
increased about 13ºC. The study demonstrates decrease in vegetation cover and increase
in non-evaporating surfaces with significantly increases the surface temperature in the
study area. Remote-sensing techniques were found one of the suitable techniques for
rapid analysis of urban expansions and to identify the impact of urbanization on LST.
is to find out the causes and the impact of open space reduction in Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) area with the help of participatory rural appraisal techniques. The research also tries to give some suitable recommendation which helps the community, local and national authorities to preserve this open space. The preservation of these open spaces will provide more recreation places for the children, younger age, and older people which enhance their mental and physical strength. The study finds that in a gap of fewer than 10 years, RCC area lost 27 (35.64 acres) of its open space. The main reasons for the loss of these open spaces are the land acquisition by the authority for undertaken various development activities. The current alarming situation will be improved if the planning standard is followed to accommodate the present and future provision and the involvement of local communities in
any decision-making for the betterment of the community.
especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Flood water causes a lot of property damage almost every year
and it demands to be controlled for economic growth by water management. The objective of the study is to analyze
the damages according to different land uses like urban area (Built-up) or agricultural lands, flood height and thus
the percentages of loss in different land use in various corresponding year. Naogaon District has been chosen as the
study area for this analysis. Remote Sensing data has been used in this context as remote sensing technology
along with Geographic Information System (GIS) has become a key tool for flood monitoring in recent years.
Satellite images which have been collected from Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper for the year 2004, 2007 and 2012
and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) images for the year 2017. In
each year images of different times (March and September) of Naogaon district have been analyzed with
Geographical Information System (GIS) and ERDAS Imagine software. The analysis demonstrate the variation of
land use changes in before and after flood occurrence month from 2004 to 2017 depends on this change. The
analysis also describe the relation of the flood in that four observation years as well as the percentages of loss
association with the flood spread, flood height, and land uses. The study helps to find out the losses and related
relations of flood and thus the importance of water management. The study demonstrates an encouragement to
further flood water management studies.
environmental and humanitarian sectors. The main objective of the study is to identify a significant pattern
of a certain disaster over time using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS)
applications to understand its nature which will help to solve complex planning and management problem
and decision making. It will provide a starting point for researchers on a direction of strategy making to
reduce the damage. Obtaining Multi-temporal spatial data from Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
wavelengths and sensors, give a framework to pretend the nature of the disaster in GIS. Satellite covers a
larger area than any other platform to analyze micro climate and damage detection in large scale natural
disaster. This review paper will work as a tool for applying GIS & RS in disaster management. This
technology can be utilized in some phase of a disaster management such as prevention, preparedness, relief,
reconstruction, warming and monitoring and will create scope for further analysis for disaster management .
business) in creating a nation like Bangladesh in light of the fact that the underline moto of creating
nation is to digitalized everyday exercises of human life. For making e-business sector more
relevant, effective and hazards consuming web GIS (geographical information system) will work
as a crucial part. In the context of e-business, this present research work penetrates the usage of
Web GIS to disseminate maximum level of information to the customers, at the same time allowing
the companies to visualize where their potential customers are located by analyzing geographic,
demographic, economic, psychographic, market characteristics for the right customer just on a
click. For making the research work more focused and informative our analyzing area will be B2C
(business to customer) based websites and consumer preferences. It discusses how this modern
GIT system is used for collecting and analyzing the business information and effectively
contributing to the business decision-making process. Thus, this technology provides technical
support for strategic planning, supply chain management, online marketing techniques, improving
efficiency and attaining competitive advantage for the business organizations. This paper will be
helpful to understand the collaborative relationship with web GIS and e-business and will draw an
informative line for further research work.
Keywords: E-business, Web GIS, B2C, GIT system, Collaborative relation