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Dr. Khalid Mohammed
I have been on the Panjab University faculty for the last25 years. Area of my research is geopolitics of Indian Ocean. I am also a public speaker and speak on various themè of currentaffairs
Phone: +91 09463742856
Address: # E-40, Panjab University, Chandigarh
Phone: +91 09463742856
Address: # E-40, Panjab University, Chandigarh
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Economic reforms were introduced in China in December 1978 by Deng Xiaoping. Its thrust in the beginning was decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start-up businesses. In the late 1980s and early 1990s China privatised and contracted out the state-owned industry, lifted price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations which led to the remarkable growth of private sector. China's economy surpassed that of Japan in 2010 as Asia's largest economy and became the second largest after the United States and is projected to become the world's largest economy by 2025.
The rapid industrialization has forced China to ensure uninterrupted supplies of raw materials especially oil which come from the littoral of
*Professor of Political Science, Department of Evening Studies, Panjab University Chandigarh.
Indian Ocean. With 28 littoral states and six island republics Indian Ocean region offers coveted markets for Chinese products. To protect its interests, China is steadily spreading its presence in the Indian Ocean Region on two fronts –economic and strategic. It has sought and successfully established economic-diplomatic relations with the countries of the Indian Ocean region especially from Africa. China has set up its network of military and commercial facilities and relationships --referred as the String of Pearls-- along its sea lines of communication which extend from the Chinese mainland to Port Sudan. The sea lines run through several major maritime choke points such as the Bab al-Mandeb, the Strait of Malacca, the Strait of Hormuz and the Lombok Strait, as well as other strategic maritime centers in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, the Maldives and Somalia. This is indicative of China’s growing geopolitical influence to increase access to ports and airfields, expand and modernize military forces, and foster stronger diplomatic relationships with the countries of Indian Ocean. India has reasons to worry and has to counter pose as the presence of China is detrimental to its economic and strategic interests. The paper is an attempt to elaborate on the issue of increasing Chinese presence in the Indian Ocean region and Indian response to it.
China is geopolitically so located that on the east it has vast Pacific Ocean. Historically, its lands on the Pacific littoral were barren, sparsely populated, and without any commercial activity. China considered the China South Sea and countries of Southeast Asia as its natural sphere of influence and the area was devoid of any noticeable trade and commerce.1 On the other hand, Indian Ocean had been a centre of vibrant trade and commerce from the time immemorial. Some of the world’s great civilizations –the Babylonian, the Egyptian and the Indus-- had developed on its coasts. Apart from the commercial activity, the migrations of the people generating a cultural amalgam has been a significant trait of the lands and peoples of the Indian Ocean region.
This paper is an attempt to understand the multifarious linkages India has with the island states of western Indian Ocean viz., Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles. Paper explores the need to further consolidate this relationship for mutual benefit in the 21st century.
The present day Tanzania is the largest of the East African countries. Being strategically located, it provides the neighbouring land locked countries a direly needed access to the sea. Its location near the commercially significant sea lanes of communication and pirate infested African coast only adds to its geopolitical importance. Though endowed with rich natural wealth, Tanzania remains a poor, backward and underdeveloped. It has a long relationship with India which began with trade and commerce as testified by the presence of sizeable ethnic Indians on its soil. India has been engaged with Tanzania in order to promote cooperation in different fields of mutual interest. This cooperation has not reached its full potential and can be promoted further. The present essay is an account of growing relations and its future prospects between the two countries in the emerging geopolitics of the Indian Ocean.
Economic reforms were introduced in China in December 1978 by Deng Xiaoping. Its thrust in the beginning was decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start-up businesses. In the late 1980s and early 1990s China privatised and contracted out the state-owned industry, lifted price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations which led to the remarkable growth of private sector. China's economy surpassed that of Japan in 2010 as Asia's largest economy and became the second largest after the United States and is projected to become the world's largest economy by 2025.
The rapid industrialization has forced China to ensure uninterrupted supplies of raw materials especially oil which come from the littoral of
*Professor of Political Science, Department of Evening Studies, Panjab University Chandigarh.
Indian Ocean. With 28 littoral states and six island republics Indian Ocean region offers coveted markets for Chinese products. To protect its interests, China is steadily spreading its presence in the Indian Ocean Region on two fronts –economic and strategic. It has sought and successfully established economic-diplomatic relations with the countries of the Indian Ocean region especially from Africa. China has set up its network of military and commercial facilities and relationships --referred as the String of Pearls-- along its sea lines of communication which extend from the Chinese mainland to Port Sudan. The sea lines run through several major maritime choke points such as the Bab al-Mandeb, the Strait of Malacca, the Strait of Hormuz and the Lombok Strait, as well as other strategic maritime centers in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, the Maldives and Somalia. This is indicative of China’s growing geopolitical influence to increase access to ports and airfields, expand and modernize military forces, and foster stronger diplomatic relationships with the countries of Indian Ocean. India has reasons to worry and has to counter pose as the presence of China is detrimental to its economic and strategic interests. The paper is an attempt to elaborate on the issue of increasing Chinese presence in the Indian Ocean region and Indian response to it.
China is geopolitically so located that on the east it has vast Pacific Ocean. Historically, its lands on the Pacific littoral were barren, sparsely populated, and without any commercial activity. China considered the China South Sea and countries of Southeast Asia as its natural sphere of influence and the area was devoid of any noticeable trade and commerce.1 On the other hand, Indian Ocean had been a centre of vibrant trade and commerce from the time immemorial. Some of the world’s great civilizations –the Babylonian, the Egyptian and the Indus-- had developed on its coasts. Apart from the commercial activity, the migrations of the people generating a cultural amalgam has been a significant trait of the lands and peoples of the Indian Ocean region.
This paper is an attempt to understand the multifarious linkages India has with the island states of western Indian Ocean viz., Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles. Paper explores the need to further consolidate this relationship for mutual benefit in the 21st century.
The present day Tanzania is the largest of the East African countries. Being strategically located, it provides the neighbouring land locked countries a direly needed access to the sea. Its location near the commercially significant sea lanes of communication and pirate infested African coast only adds to its geopolitical importance. Though endowed with rich natural wealth, Tanzania remains a poor, backward and underdeveloped. It has a long relationship with India which began with trade and commerce as testified by the presence of sizeable ethnic Indians on its soil. India has been engaged with Tanzania in order to promote cooperation in different fields of mutual interest. This cooperation has not reached its full potential and can be promoted further. The present essay is an account of growing relations and its future prospects between the two countries in the emerging geopolitics of the Indian Ocean.