Hong Kong
Hong Kong (/ˈhɒŋkɒŋ/; Li Tionghoa: 香港) no sambua gölana administratif ni'onia'ö ba Tiongkok Selatan. Sowanua khönia 7,5 juta niha heŵa'ae fa'ebolonia ha 1.104 km2. Börö da'ö Hong Kong no tobali sambua ba gotalua nahia fondrege fasösö niha ba gulidanö. Tetou'ö ia barö wamatörö Inggris me 1898 irugi 1997. Götö wamatörö Inggris andrö abölö tedou wangalui niha ba Hong Kong. Baero wa'atedou lala wangalui owua-wua göi dödö zowanua khönia: bosi wa'oya nifotöi kriminalitas no adawa-dawa, oya tefasindro zekola, simanö göi te'a'asogö nomo niha si no bihasa, no oya nifotöi lembaga samalua halöŵö si sökhi si tobali fanolo zato ba oya tefasindro gosali. I'otarai 1997 mangawuli Hong Kong khö Tiongkok, heŵa'ae no göi la'osara'ö ira samötörö Inggris ba Tiongkok, wa ba zi 50 fakhe i'otarai 1997 mufatörö Hong Kong molo'ö prinsip "sambua negara dombua lala wamatörö".
Barö wamatörö Inggris
[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]Aefa wasuwöta ba gotalua Tiongkok ba Britania Raya lahalö wangosara dödö me 1860 wanou'ö bolo danö Kowloon ba danga wamatörö Britania Raya, bahiza bolo danö si so bakha Hong Kong nifotöi New Territories mube'e khö Britania Raya ha 99 fakhe i'otarai 1 Yuli 1898 irugi 30 Yuni 1997. I'otarai 1 Yuli 1997 Hong Kong lafangawuli khö Tiongkok. Götö we'aso Hong Kong barö wamatörö Britania Raya ba no to'ölö ira ba sambua lala wamatörö si no fabö'ö moroi ba lala wamatörö Tiongkok. Börö da'ö fangötö (li Indonesia transisi) moroi ba zi sambua sistem lumalö ba danö bö'ö no afökhö sibai khö Hong Kong.[1]
Ba ginötö wamatörö Britania Raya andre göi abölö tedou wangalui niha ba Hong Kong. Baero wa'atedou lala wangalui owua-wua göi dödö zowanua khönia: bosi wa'oya nifotöi kriminalitas no adawa-dawa, oya tefasindro zekola, simanö göi te'a'asogö nomo niha si no bihasa, so oya nifotöi lembaga samalua halöŵö si sökhi si tobali fanolo zato ba oya tefasindro gereja.[2]
Molo'ö Christopher Patten, si no irai tobali gubernur Hong Kong, andrö wa tola tedou Hong Kong börö me so khönia lala wamatörö ba ngawalö huku si sökhi, ba lala waniaga sanema'ö gofu haniha manö.[3]
Fangawuli khö Tiongkok
[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]Ba ginötö rafe ba wama'anö wamuli Hong Kong khö Tiongkok me döfi 1982, ifa'ema mbua wangera-ngerania Deng Xiaoping sanandrösa ba nifotöi "sambua negara dombua lala wamatörö". Da'a no sambua lala si bohou si lö irai tefalua ba gulidanö. Oya lahalö gorahua ba wangosara'ö hewisa wamotokhi ya'ia, irugi döfi 1984 me la'osara'ö ia bakha ba sambua zura nifotöi Joint Declaration. Molo'ö dokumen wahasara dödö andre aefa tefangawuli Hong Kong ba Tiongkok ba ndröfi 1997, i'otohugö nasa Hong Kong lala wamatörö si no to'ölö ia barö wamatörö Britania Raya 50 fakhe wa'ara. Aefa da'ö i'o'ö lala wamatörö nifataro Tiongkok khönia.[4]
Demografi
[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hong_Kong_Budha.jpg/220px-Hong_Kong_Budha.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hkcatholiccathedral.jpg/220px-Hkcatholiccathedral.jpg)
Na lafaigi moroi ba geluaha wehede demografi andre, tola lamane; fa'afasösö niha ba zi sambua nahia. Ba zinura da'a, ya'ia da'ö, hewisa wa'afasösö niha ba Hong Kong.
Fa'afasösö Hong Kong andre ba ndröfi si 2011 ya'ia da'ö so ba zi 7,07 juta niha wa'ato, na lafaigi wa'amanöi wa'afasösö so ba zi rata-rata 0,6% ero döfi ba zi 5 fakhe andre. Niha moroi ba Tiongkok daratan tebai manörö-nörö sibai ba da'a, yamendrua sa'ae na omasi ira manaro'o.[5] Hewa'ae simanö, ba hiza niha imigran moroi ba Tiongkok, so ba zi 45.000 niha wa'ato ero döfi, da'a zimöi fangoya wa'afasösö niha ba Hong Kong andre. Fa'alaŵa wanötöna niha wa'atua ma fa'auri ba gulidanö ba Hong Kong ya'ia da'ö 79.16 fakhe na iramatua ba 84.79 fakhe na ira'alawe, da'a lafaigi me döfi si 2009 si lalö, si no möi sambua mbanua fondrege zalaŵa döfi niha ba zi sagörö ulidanö.
So ba zi 93.6% niha ba Hong Kong ya'ia da'ö nga'ötö Tionghoa, sabölö ato ba gotaluara ya'ia da'ö niha Taishan, niha Teochew ma asese laŵa'ö niha Chiu Chow, niha Kanton, faoma niha Hakka. Suku Han ba Hong Kong ya'ia da'ö moroi ba provinsi Guangzhou faoma Taishan ba provinsi Guangdong. Tanöbö'önia 6,4% ya'ia da'ö si tenga Tionghoa ma moroi ba soi bö'ö. Simane so niha India, Pakistan, Nepal, mazui niha sifatewu (pengungsi) moroi ba Vietnam si no ara toröi ba Hong Kong. So göi ma'ifu niha Inggris, Amerika, Kanada, Korea, faoma niha Jepang sohalöŵö ba sektor komersial faoma keuangan.
Li ni'oguna'ö ba Hong Kong na molo'ö huku ma lamane molo'ö; de facto ya'ia da'ö li Kanton, li Mandarin moroi ba provinsi Guangdong.[6] Li Inggris no tobali tuho li göi ba Hong Kong, molo'ö sensus nifalua me döfi si 1996 sangoguna'ö li Inggris andre so ba zi 3,1% niha mbanua ero ma'ökhö ba 34,9% sombali'ö li Inggris andre, li numero dua.[7] Ngawalö dandra nisura ba li Mandarin faoma Inggris oya tesöndra ba Hong Kong. I'otarai me döfi si 1997, niha imigran moroi ba Tiongkok no la tundreheni ba wangoguna'ö li Mandarin ero inötö ba Hong Kong.[8]
Niha Hong Kong, ato zi lö hadöi agama, lö mu'ila sibai hadia fao ba agnostik ma ba gangolifa ateis.[9] Molo'ö US Department of State, ha 43% moroi ba niha Hong Kong zi so agama.[10] Mana'i so zame'e fangombakha wa abölö alaŵa moroi ba nifareso survei Gallup, ya'ia da'ö 64% moroi ba niha Hong Kong lö farisayo ba agama,[11][12] ba hiza, so ba zi 80% moroi ba niha Hongkong lö agama.[13]
Umbu
[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]- ↑ Christopher Patten (1998), East and West: The Last Governor of Hong Kong on Power Freedom and the Future, New York, Times Books, ISBN 0-8129-3000-2, nga'örö 3-5. ((Li Inggris))
- ↑ Christopher Patten (1998), nga'örö 14-15.
- ↑ Christopher Patten (1998), nga'örö 13-14.
- ↑ Christopher Patten (1998), nga'örö 20.
- ↑ "Right of Abode in HKSAR—Verification of Eligibility for Permanent Identity Card". Immigration Department, Hong Kong Government. 5 June 2007. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 19 January 2008. Mufaigi me 2 Oktober 2022.
- ↑ Westra, Nick (5 June 2007). "Hong Kong as a Cantonese speaking city". Journalism and Media Studies Centre, University of Hong Kong. Mufaigi me 2 Oktober 2022.
- ↑ "ICE Hong Kong". University College London. Mufaigi me 1 February 2008.
- ↑ Yum, Cherry (2007). "Which Chinese? Dialect Choice in Philadelphia's Chinatown" (PDF). Haverford College. Mufaigi me 2 Oktober 2022.
- ↑ "Hong Kong". Bmm.org. 1 July 1997. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2011-09-27. Mufaigi me 2 Oktober 2022.
- ↑ "China (Includes Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau)". State.gov. Mufaigi me 2 November 2011.
- ↑ Carballo, Marita. "RELIGION IN THE WORLD AT THE END OF THE MILLENNIUM". Gallup International Association. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 20 July 2011. Mufaigi me 2 Oktober 2022.
- ↑ "Apostasy". Countdown.org. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2011-07-25. Mufaigi me 2 Oktober 2022.
- ↑ "Do Hong Kong youth know how to practice safe sex?". Slidefinder.net. 14 January 2010. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2011-10-07. Mufaigi me 2 Oktober 2022.