Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or orn... more Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or ornamental purposes. Nevertheless, little has been published on the relationship between brick bonding, shape, and extrusion, and the impact on energy performance. This paper investigates the impact of different brick bond types and projections on building energy using a custom algorithm. This investigation was conducted in two phases on 24 cases for a south façade. The first phase investigated three different brick bonds for their thermal performance: Running, English and Flemish bonds. The second phase involves parametric simulations to evaluate energy consumptions for three extrusion values [baseline no extrusion 1⁄4 brick extrusion, and 1⁄2 brick extrusion] and four different extrusion percentages (ranging from 15% to 60%). The first phase results show no significant differences in energy performance for the base case. The second phase results show that the performance achieved was 26% ...
This paper tests the performance of a kinetic solar shading system in a double skin façade in a h... more This paper tests the performance of a kinetic solar shading system in a double skin façade in a hot arid climate. The shading system is thermally actuated. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for modelling air flow and heat transfer in DSF is used. It combines RNG k-epsilon turbulence model with P1 radiation model. Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) work with actuation temperature from 35-40C. Simulation runs are carried to compare thermal performance of three cavity widths; 0.6, 0.8, 1.0m; and three solar-shading opening ratios; 30%, 50% ,70%; to detect the optimal settings to reduce direct solar radiation indoors. The 1m wide cavity with the screen located 0.10m from the outer glass and apertures between 30% to 50% in peak summer midday are recommended.
Dynamic solar screens can perform more efficiently according to the environmental changes. This p... more Dynamic solar screens can perform more efficiently according to the environmental changes. This paper presents a current development of an in-progress research that explores an origami-based facade design to control daylight uniformity. The simulation was carried out for a south oriented facade of an office room in Aswan, Egypt, through two phases. The previous optimized results represent the static base case, which were be compared to the proposed dynamic model. The first phase simulated kaleidocycle screen at 21-March, 21-June, 21- September and 21-December taken of working day hours [8AM - 6PM]. The Second phase used comparative analysis of parametric simulation results for the same dates. Results demonstrate that dynamic solar screens achieved a better daylighting performance in comparison to optimized static base case in the winter season.
Bricks are utilized for their structural and aesthetic roles. Studies demonstrate the impact of t... more Bricks are utilized for their structural and aesthetic roles. Studies demonstrate the impact of thermal mass and shading on energy performance, with limited evidence of other factors such as bonds, patterns and extrusions. This paper investigates the relationship between the location of extruded bricks and their gradient extrusion value. Patterns divide walls into zones with different extrusion values. The study integrates parametric analysis with energy performance simulations conducted on a south façade for a typical residential room in a hot arid climate. Results show 27.75% energy consumption reduction to the base case, indicating potential impact of the non-uniform distribution patterns.
Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or orn... more Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or ornamental purposes. Nevertheless, little has been published on the relationship between brick bonding, shape, and extrusion, and the impact on energy performance. This paper investigates the impact of different brick bond types and projections on building energy using a custom algorithm. This investigation was conducted in two phases on 24 cases for a south façade. The first phase investigated three different brick bonds for their thermal performance: Running, English and Flemish bonds. The second phase involves parametric simulations to evaluate energy consumptions for three extrusion values [baseline " no extrusion " , ¼ brick extrusion, and ½ brick extrusion] and four different extrusion percentages (ranging from 15% to 60%). The first phase results show no significant differences in energy performance for the base case. The second phase results show that the performance achieved was 26% less than the base case. This was accomplished using the Flemish bond with either 30% wall area extruded with half brick length, or 60% bricks extruded with quarter brick length. The preliminary findings indicate a relationship between extrusion and energy performance. Further studies should include in-situ testing and investigation of patterns under different climatic zones.
Sun‐shading plant‐inspired skins can use plant actuation principles to develop reversible motions... more Sun‐shading plant‐inspired skins can use plant actuation principles to develop reversible motions. This paper describe the intersection between plant actuation principles, their morphology and low energy strategies, to propose potential mechanisms in responsive dynamic shading skins. This paper will investigate non‐ autonomous reversible plant movements to develop elastic kinetic solar screens. New approaches to soft mechanics have found inspiration in plant movements applied to pliable structures in architecture. Interestingly, global flexibility is often achieved through the adaptive behaviour of plants that change their morphological features by acting as living hinges and allowing for elastic deformations. These motion patterns are found in nastic structures which are very promising as natural actuators. By studying how plant species take advantage of mechanical, compositional and structural gradients to perform mobility with minimal energy use, it is possible to learn how to integrate these properties into the design of kinetic shading solar screens. The focus of this review is to understand soft mechanics approaches and their applications for responsive shading skins. A critical review of the current progress in mechanical properties and actuation principles of nastic plant movements is illustrated.
Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or orn... more Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or ornamental purposes. Nevertheless, little has been published on the relationship between brick bonding, shape, and extrusion, and the impact on energy performance. This paper investigates the impact of different brick bond types and projections on building energy using a custom algorithm. This investigation was conducted in two phases on 24 cases for a south façade. The first phase investigated three different brick bonds for their thermal performance: Running, English and Flemish bonds. The second phase involves parametric simulations to evaluate energy consumptions for three extrusion values [baseline " no extrusion " , ¼ brick extrusion, and ½ brick extrusion] and four different extrusion percentages (ranging from 15% to 60%). The first phase results show no significant differences in energy performance for the base case. The second phase results show that the performance achieved was 26% less than the base case. This was accomplished using the Flemish bond with either 30% wall area extruded with half brick length, or 60% bricks extruded with quarter brick length. The preliminary findings indicate a relationship between extrusion and energy performance. Further studies should include in-situ testing and investigation of patterns under different climatic zones.
Brick was employed in buildings’ facades as mediating terms to buildings aesthetics and low-cost.... more Brick was employed in buildings’ facades as mediating terms to buildings aesthetics and low-cost. Recalling the inherent qualities of brick; aesthetic, economic, and environmental can enhance natural daylight qualities. Elegantly articulated perforated brickwork screen can provide an exhilarating play of light throughout the day, block direct sunlight and soften strong daylight while retaining some ventilation. Variation of brick arrangements creates unlimited patterns of light and shade, which could be parametrically optimized to achieve low-cost and efficient environmental performance. This paper is going to recall brick as a local and available construction material in Egypt for façade design by using generative design and simulation tools. Brick patterns are achieved by placing a single brick type into one of several possible positions within its framework. Research method will integrate different brick bonds’ configurations (shifting, rotating and stepping), with pre-programmed analysis data of environmental changes for identifying the most efficient daylight performance. In conclusion, this paper has developed configurations that facilitate the new ecological approach to traditional brick screen.
At present the kinetics is basic, but there is no doubt that research into the field of responsiv... more At present the kinetics is basic, but there is no doubt that research into the field of responsive building facades will continue, to find more sophisticated design and technical solutions. This research explores the possibilities of kinetic composition afforded by Origami different techniques using squared module. Origami and paper pleating techniques are one of the conceptual design approaches from which Kinetics can be developed. The paper examines the possibilities of different arrangements of folded modules to create environmental efficient kinetic morphed skins. The paper aims to achieve different Kinetic origami-based shading screens categorized by series of parameters to provide appropriate daylighting. The main tested parameters are the form of Origami folds, the module size and motion scenarios. Ten origami cases where explored first using conceptual folded paper maquette modules, then parametrically modelled and simulated at four times of the year, 21st of March, June, September and December, taken every hour of the working day.
Recent literature shows that experimentation in kinetics and architectural skins is more widely i... more Recent literature shows that experimentation in kinetics and architectural skins is more widely introduced as a solution for environmental-related design issues. Facades and elements are transformed in kinetic living creatures changing in synchrony with the surrounding environment. Through the lens of morphology, this research explores the possibilities of kinetic composition afforded by facades in motion. It presents a method for the evaluation of kinetic facades system performance using experimental approach. The experiments investigate improving daylight performance through the design and motion of kinetic facades using various integrated software. The impact of kinetic motion of hexagonal pattern on south-facing skin to control the daylight distribution in an office space is studied using parametric simulation technique. Results demonstrate the analysis of rotational and translation kinetic motions at the early design stage compared to a traditional window (base case). Finally, possible configurations to enhance daylight performance are suggested.
Dynamic solar screens can perform more efficiently according to the environmental changes. This p... more Dynamic solar screens can perform more efficiently according to the environmental changes. This paper presents a current development of an in-progress research that explores an origami-based facade design to control daylight uniformity. The simulation was carried out for a south oriented façade of an office room in Aswan, Egypt, through two phases. The previous optimized results represent the static base case which will be compared to the proposed dynamic model. The first phase simulated kaleidocycle screen at 21-March, 21-June, 21-September and 21-December taken of working day hours. The Second phase used comparative analysis of parametric simulation results for the same dates. Results demonstrate that dynamic solar screens achieved a remarkable daylighting performance in comparison to optimized static base case.
A building's facade has significant impact on energy consumption. This paper investigates a speci... more A building's facade has significant impact on energy consumption. This paper investigates a specific facade configuration based on origami: kaleidocycle rings that can be morphed to enhance daylight uniformity and reduce total energy consumed for heating and cooling. This paper utilizes simulation techniques for identifying the most efficient daylight and thermal performance by incorporating parametric optimization using Grasshopper and Diva-for-Rhino. Analysis was conducted using the Daylight Dynamic Performance Metrics (DDPMs) specifically Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) based on the new IES approved daylight metrics. The simulation was carried out for a south-oriented façade of an office room in Aswan, Egypt, through two phases both used genetic algorithm to drive kaleidocycle parameters. The first phase simulated daylighting for façade optimization which influenced the second phase that run to reach the balance point between daylight and thermal performance. Results demonstrate that kaleidocycle rings of 26 cm size and 64 rotation angle exceed the LEED V4 daylighting requirements and achieve a remarkable energy saving of 23% in comparison to non-optimized configuration.
As a principle element of architecture, technology has allowed for the wall to become an increasi... more As a principle element of architecture, technology has allowed for the wall to become an increasingly dynamic component of the built environment. The traditional connotations and objectives related to the wall are being redefined: static becomes fluid, opaque becomes transparent, barrier becomes filter and boundary becomes borderless. Combining smart materials, intelligent systems, engineering, and art can create a component that does not just support and define but significantly enhances the architectural space. The emergence of the new ‘Information Age’ has suggested ‘Building Skins’ which are more intelligent and interactive where the "Intelligent Facade" is seen as a central element in the evolution of building form to provide environmental control and comfort. The thesis describes the background of bioclimatic architecture and goes on to give an outline of the subject of intelligent skins for buildings redefining the intelligent architecture in the light of available technology. The thesis gives an overview on interactive façades to demonstrate how architects and interaction designers have used similar technology to turn building surfaces into socially engaging architectural elements and discusses the concepts of skin adaptability both physically and socially.
Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or orn... more Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or ornamental purposes. Nevertheless, little has been published on the relationship between brick bonding, shape, and extrusion, and the impact on energy performance. This paper investigates the impact of different brick bond types and projections on building energy using a custom algorithm. This investigation was conducted in two phases on 24 cases for a south façade. The first phase investigated three different brick bonds for their thermal performance: Running, English and Flemish bonds. The second phase involves parametric simulations to evaluate energy consumptions for three extrusion values [baseline no extrusion 1⁄4 brick extrusion, and 1⁄2 brick extrusion] and four different extrusion percentages (ranging from 15% to 60%). The first phase results show no significant differences in energy performance for the base case. The second phase results show that the performance achieved was 26% ...
This paper tests the performance of a kinetic solar shading system in a double skin façade in a h... more This paper tests the performance of a kinetic solar shading system in a double skin façade in a hot arid climate. The shading system is thermally actuated. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for modelling air flow and heat transfer in DSF is used. It combines RNG k-epsilon turbulence model with P1 radiation model. Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) work with actuation temperature from 35-40C. Simulation runs are carried to compare thermal performance of three cavity widths; 0.6, 0.8, 1.0m; and three solar-shading opening ratios; 30%, 50% ,70%; to detect the optimal settings to reduce direct solar radiation indoors. The 1m wide cavity with the screen located 0.10m from the outer glass and apertures between 30% to 50% in peak summer midday are recommended.
Dynamic solar screens can perform more efficiently according to the environmental changes. This p... more Dynamic solar screens can perform more efficiently according to the environmental changes. This paper presents a current development of an in-progress research that explores an origami-based facade design to control daylight uniformity. The simulation was carried out for a south oriented facade of an office room in Aswan, Egypt, through two phases. The previous optimized results represent the static base case, which were be compared to the proposed dynamic model. The first phase simulated kaleidocycle screen at 21-March, 21-June, 21- September and 21-December taken of working day hours [8AM - 6PM]. The Second phase used comparative analysis of parametric simulation results for the same dates. Results demonstrate that dynamic solar screens achieved a better daylighting performance in comparison to optimized static base case in the winter season.
Bricks are utilized for their structural and aesthetic roles. Studies demonstrate the impact of t... more Bricks are utilized for their structural and aesthetic roles. Studies demonstrate the impact of thermal mass and shading on energy performance, with limited evidence of other factors such as bonds, patterns and extrusions. This paper investigates the relationship between the location of extruded bricks and their gradient extrusion value. Patterns divide walls into zones with different extrusion values. The study integrates parametric analysis with energy performance simulations conducted on a south façade for a typical residential room in a hot arid climate. Results show 27.75% energy consumption reduction to the base case, indicating potential impact of the non-uniform distribution patterns.
Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or orn... more Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or ornamental purposes. Nevertheless, little has been published on the relationship between brick bonding, shape, and extrusion, and the impact on energy performance. This paper investigates the impact of different brick bond types and projections on building energy using a custom algorithm. This investigation was conducted in two phases on 24 cases for a south façade. The first phase investigated three different brick bonds for their thermal performance: Running, English and Flemish bonds. The second phase involves parametric simulations to evaluate energy consumptions for three extrusion values [baseline " no extrusion " , ¼ brick extrusion, and ½ brick extrusion] and four different extrusion percentages (ranging from 15% to 60%). The first phase results show no significant differences in energy performance for the base case. The second phase results show that the performance achieved was 26% less than the base case. This was accomplished using the Flemish bond with either 30% wall area extruded with half brick length, or 60% bricks extruded with quarter brick length. The preliminary findings indicate a relationship between extrusion and energy performance. Further studies should include in-situ testing and investigation of patterns under different climatic zones.
Sun‐shading plant‐inspired skins can use plant actuation principles to develop reversible motions... more Sun‐shading plant‐inspired skins can use plant actuation principles to develop reversible motions. This paper describe the intersection between plant actuation principles, their morphology and low energy strategies, to propose potential mechanisms in responsive dynamic shading skins. This paper will investigate non‐ autonomous reversible plant movements to develop elastic kinetic solar screens. New approaches to soft mechanics have found inspiration in plant movements applied to pliable structures in architecture. Interestingly, global flexibility is often achieved through the adaptive behaviour of plants that change their morphological features by acting as living hinges and allowing for elastic deformations. These motion patterns are found in nastic structures which are very promising as natural actuators. By studying how plant species take advantage of mechanical, compositional and structural gradients to perform mobility with minimal energy use, it is possible to learn how to integrate these properties into the design of kinetic shading solar screens. The focus of this review is to understand soft mechanics approaches and their applications for responsive shading skins. A critical review of the current progress in mechanical properties and actuation principles of nastic plant movements is illustrated.
Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or orn... more Bricks are significant building elements that are heavily utilized, whether for structural or ornamental purposes. Nevertheless, little has been published on the relationship between brick bonding, shape, and extrusion, and the impact on energy performance. This paper investigates the impact of different brick bond types and projections on building energy using a custom algorithm. This investigation was conducted in two phases on 24 cases for a south façade. The first phase investigated three different brick bonds for their thermal performance: Running, English and Flemish bonds. The second phase involves parametric simulations to evaluate energy consumptions for three extrusion values [baseline " no extrusion " , ¼ brick extrusion, and ½ brick extrusion] and four different extrusion percentages (ranging from 15% to 60%). The first phase results show no significant differences in energy performance for the base case. The second phase results show that the performance achieved was 26% less than the base case. This was accomplished using the Flemish bond with either 30% wall area extruded with half brick length, or 60% bricks extruded with quarter brick length. The preliminary findings indicate a relationship between extrusion and energy performance. Further studies should include in-situ testing and investigation of patterns under different climatic zones.
Brick was employed in buildings’ facades as mediating terms to buildings aesthetics and low-cost.... more Brick was employed in buildings’ facades as mediating terms to buildings aesthetics and low-cost. Recalling the inherent qualities of brick; aesthetic, economic, and environmental can enhance natural daylight qualities. Elegantly articulated perforated brickwork screen can provide an exhilarating play of light throughout the day, block direct sunlight and soften strong daylight while retaining some ventilation. Variation of brick arrangements creates unlimited patterns of light and shade, which could be parametrically optimized to achieve low-cost and efficient environmental performance. This paper is going to recall brick as a local and available construction material in Egypt for façade design by using generative design and simulation tools. Brick patterns are achieved by placing a single brick type into one of several possible positions within its framework. Research method will integrate different brick bonds’ configurations (shifting, rotating and stepping), with pre-programmed analysis data of environmental changes for identifying the most efficient daylight performance. In conclusion, this paper has developed configurations that facilitate the new ecological approach to traditional brick screen.
At present the kinetics is basic, but there is no doubt that research into the field of responsiv... more At present the kinetics is basic, but there is no doubt that research into the field of responsive building facades will continue, to find more sophisticated design and technical solutions. This research explores the possibilities of kinetic composition afforded by Origami different techniques using squared module. Origami and paper pleating techniques are one of the conceptual design approaches from which Kinetics can be developed. The paper examines the possibilities of different arrangements of folded modules to create environmental efficient kinetic morphed skins. The paper aims to achieve different Kinetic origami-based shading screens categorized by series of parameters to provide appropriate daylighting. The main tested parameters are the form of Origami folds, the module size and motion scenarios. Ten origami cases where explored first using conceptual folded paper maquette modules, then parametrically modelled and simulated at four times of the year, 21st of March, June, September and December, taken every hour of the working day.
Recent literature shows that experimentation in kinetics and architectural skins is more widely i... more Recent literature shows that experimentation in kinetics and architectural skins is more widely introduced as a solution for environmental-related design issues. Facades and elements are transformed in kinetic living creatures changing in synchrony with the surrounding environment. Through the lens of morphology, this research explores the possibilities of kinetic composition afforded by facades in motion. It presents a method for the evaluation of kinetic facades system performance using experimental approach. The experiments investigate improving daylight performance through the design and motion of kinetic facades using various integrated software. The impact of kinetic motion of hexagonal pattern on south-facing skin to control the daylight distribution in an office space is studied using parametric simulation technique. Results demonstrate the analysis of rotational and translation kinetic motions at the early design stage compared to a traditional window (base case). Finally, possible configurations to enhance daylight performance are suggested.
Dynamic solar screens can perform more efficiently according to the environmental changes. This p... more Dynamic solar screens can perform more efficiently according to the environmental changes. This paper presents a current development of an in-progress research that explores an origami-based facade design to control daylight uniformity. The simulation was carried out for a south oriented façade of an office room in Aswan, Egypt, through two phases. The previous optimized results represent the static base case which will be compared to the proposed dynamic model. The first phase simulated kaleidocycle screen at 21-March, 21-June, 21-September and 21-December taken of working day hours. The Second phase used comparative analysis of parametric simulation results for the same dates. Results demonstrate that dynamic solar screens achieved a remarkable daylighting performance in comparison to optimized static base case.
A building's facade has significant impact on energy consumption. This paper investigates a speci... more A building's facade has significant impact on energy consumption. This paper investigates a specific facade configuration based on origami: kaleidocycle rings that can be morphed to enhance daylight uniformity and reduce total energy consumed for heating and cooling. This paper utilizes simulation techniques for identifying the most efficient daylight and thermal performance by incorporating parametric optimization using Grasshopper and Diva-for-Rhino. Analysis was conducted using the Daylight Dynamic Performance Metrics (DDPMs) specifically Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) based on the new IES approved daylight metrics. The simulation was carried out for a south-oriented façade of an office room in Aswan, Egypt, through two phases both used genetic algorithm to drive kaleidocycle parameters. The first phase simulated daylighting for façade optimization which influenced the second phase that run to reach the balance point between daylight and thermal performance. Results demonstrate that kaleidocycle rings of 26 cm size and 64 rotation angle exceed the LEED V4 daylighting requirements and achieve a remarkable energy saving of 23% in comparison to non-optimized configuration.
As a principle element of architecture, technology has allowed for the wall to become an increasi... more As a principle element of architecture, technology has allowed for the wall to become an increasingly dynamic component of the built environment. The traditional connotations and objectives related to the wall are being redefined: static becomes fluid, opaque becomes transparent, barrier becomes filter and boundary becomes borderless. Combining smart materials, intelligent systems, engineering, and art can create a component that does not just support and define but significantly enhances the architectural space. The emergence of the new ‘Information Age’ has suggested ‘Building Skins’ which are more intelligent and interactive where the "Intelligent Facade" is seen as a central element in the evolution of building form to provide environmental control and comfort. The thesis describes the background of bioclimatic architecture and goes on to give an outline of the subject of intelligent skins for buildings redefining the intelligent architecture in the light of available technology. The thesis gives an overview on interactive façades to demonstrate how architects and interaction designers have used similar technology to turn building surfaces into socially engaging architectural elements and discusses the concepts of skin adaptability both physically and socially.
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Papers by yomna Elghazi
The emergence of the new ‘Information Age’ has suggested ‘Building Skins’ which are more intelligent and interactive where the "Intelligent Facade" is seen as a central element in the evolution of building form to provide environmental control and comfort. The thesis describes the background of bioclimatic architecture and goes on to give an outline of the subject of intelligent skins for buildings redefining the intelligent architecture in the light of available technology. The thesis gives an overview on interactive façades to demonstrate how architects and interaction designers have used similar technology to turn building surfaces into socially engaging architectural elements and discusses the concepts of skin adaptability both physically and socially.
The emergence of the new ‘Information Age’ has suggested ‘Building Skins’ which are more intelligent and interactive where the "Intelligent Facade" is seen as a central element in the evolution of building form to provide environmental control and comfort. The thesis describes the background of bioclimatic architecture and goes on to give an outline of the subject of intelligent skins for buildings redefining the intelligent architecture in the light of available technology. The thesis gives an overview on interactive façades to demonstrate how architects and interaction designers have used similar technology to turn building surfaces into socially engaging architectural elements and discusses the concepts of skin adaptability both physically and socially.