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तिमुर

विकिपिडिया नं
Tarmashirin Khan Barlas
अमिर
A Timurid era illustration of Emir Timur
शासन1370–1405
गद्दीरोहण1370, Balkh
पदवीTimur Lung (Timur the Lame),Beg, Khan, Mirza, Gurkani
बुगु तिथि(1336-04-09)9 अप्रिल सन् 1336
बुगु थाय्Kesh, Chagatai Khanate (Now in Uzbekistan)
मदूगु तिथि18 फेब्रुवरी 1405(1405-02-18) (आयु 68)
मदूगु थाय्Otrar, Syr Darya (Now in Kazakhstan)
समाधिGur-e Amir, Samarkand
पूर्वाधिकारीअमिर हुसैन
उत्तराधिकारीखलिल सुल्तान
घरानातिमुरिद
अबुमुहम्मद ताराघाइ
मातेकिना मोहबेगिम
धर्ममुस्मां

तिमुर, तर्मशिरिन खान, अमिर तिमुर (पारसी: تیمورTimūr, Chagatai: Temür "iron"; अप्रिल ९, सन् १३३६फेब्रुवरी १८, सन् १४०५), ऐतिहासिर रुपं तमेरलेनया नामं नांजाम्ह[] (पारसी: تيمور لنگ‎, Timūr-i Lang भासय्, Aksak Timur "तिमुर लंगदा " तर्किश भासय्), छम्ह तर्किक शासक ख।[][][] वय्‌कलं पश्चिम एसिया, दक्षिण एसिया व मध्य एसिया थःगु अधीनय् लाका तिमुरिद वंश पलिस्था यानादिल। वय्‌कः उलुघ बेगया अजा ख। उलुघ बेगं मध्य एसिया सन् १४११ निसें सन् १४४९ तक्क राज यानादिल। [][][] नापं, वय्‌कः भारतया मुघल वंश पलिस्था यानादिम्ह बाबुरया तापाबाज्या ख। [][][१०][११][१२]

तिमुर छम्ह मंगोल ख। वय्‌कःया लक्ष्य गेंगिश खाननं पलिस्था यानादिगु मंगोल साम्राज्ययात पुनर्स्थापना यायेगु ख। [१३] न्हापायापिं मंगोल जुजु स्वया तिमुर थःगु धर्मं याना पाः, तिमुर मुस्मां धर्म हनिम्ह मनु ख व थःगु खलः व वय्‌कलं थःगु जीवनकालय् थःगु मंगोल भारदारतयेत मुस्मां धर्मय् हिलाछ्वल।[१४] वय्‌कःया सेना बहुजातीय सेना ख। थःगु जीवनय् वय्‌कः मुस्मां हलिमया दकलय् शक्तिशालि शासक जुयादिल, वय्‌कलं मिस्रसिरियाया मम्लुकतेत, उदयीमान उस्मान साम्राज्य व पतन जुयाच्वंगु दिल्लीया सल्तनतयात थःगु जीवनकालय् बुकादिल। तिमुरं ख्रिस्ति नाइत्स हस्पितलरतेत स्मिर्नाय् बुकादिल व थःयात गाजीया रुपय् क्यनादिल।[१५] थःगु शासनया अन्तय् तिमुरं मंगोलतयेगु ल्यंगु चागाताइ खानेत, इल्खानेत, गोल्देन होर्दतेत थःगु अधीनय् लाकल धाःसा युवान साम्राज्ययात नं पुनर्स्थापना यायेगु कुतः यानादिल।

लिधंसा

[सम्पादन]
  1. English pronunciation: /ˈtæmərleɪn/
  2. "Timur (Turkic conqueror)." Encyclopædia Britannica. Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011, Online Edition.
  3. Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization, Routledge, 2005, p.812 Online Edition
  4. Massoume Price, Iran's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook, ABC-CLIO, 2005, p. 56, quoted Belonging to a minor military family, and of Turkish origin, Timur was born in Transoxiana (present-day Uzbekistan) in the fourteenth century. He rose to prominence in the service of the local Mongol ruler, claimed to be descended from Chingiz-Khan, and defeated all competitors. Online Edition
  5. History of mathematics. By David Eugene Smith
  6. Science in Islamic civilisation: proceedings of the international symposia: "Science institutions in Islamic civilisation", & "Science and technology in the Turkish and Islamic world"[१]
  7. The global built environment as a representation of realities: By author:A.J.J. Mekking [२]
  8. "Timur", Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Academic Edition, 2007.
  9. "Central Asia, history of Timur", in Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition, 2007., Quotation: "... Timur first united under his leadership the Turko-Mongol tribes located in the basins of the two rivers...."
  10. History of Central Asia, Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 13 December 2008.
  11. B.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in Encyclopaedia of Islam.
  12. "Timur" The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001–05. Quotation: Tamerlane, c.1336–1405, b. Kesh, near Samarkand. He is also called Timur Leng (Timur the lame). He was the son of a tribal leader, and a maternal descendant of Genghis Khan. He was from a Mongol tribe, Barlos. There were mongol tribes used to live in the area where his father was a leader. Timur spent his early military career in subduing his rivals in what is now Turkistan; by 1369 he firmly controlled the entire area from his capital at Samarkand.
  13. Beatrice Forbes Manz, Temür and the Problem of a Conqueror's Legacy, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 8, No. 1 (Apr., 1998), 25; "In his formal correspondance Temur continued throughout his life as the restorer of Chinggisid rights. He even justified his Iranian, Mamluk and Ottoman campaigns as a reimposition of legitimate Mongol control over lands taken by usurpers...".
  14. Michal Biran, The Chaghadaids and Islam: The Conversion of Tarmashirin Khan (1331–34) , Journal of American Oriental Society, Vol. 122, No. 4 (Oct. – Dec., 2002), 751; "Temur, a non-Chinggisid, tried to build a double legitimacy based on his role as both guardian and restorer of the Mongol Empire.".
  15. Marozzi, Justin (2004). Tamerlane: sword of Islam, conqueror of the world. Great Britain: HarperCollinsPublisher, 91.

स्वयादिसँ

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