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David G Behm

Memorial University of Newfoundland, School of HUman Kinetics and Recreation, Faculty Member

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Dr. Behm has worked at Memorial University of Newfoundland since 1995 teaching more than 18 different courses and served as Associate Dean of the School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Graduate Studies for approximately 10 years. His research interests have been diverse with over 270 peer-reviewed articles, and over 16000 citations (h index of 63 with 60 classified as truly exceptional) exploring neuromuscular responses to stretching, resistance training, balance, fatigue, and other topics. David has authored a number of chapters and a book entitled “The Science and Physiology of Flexibility and Stretching: Implications and Applications in Sport Performance and Health” (Routledge Publishers 2018). He has received a number of university, national and international awards such as the National Strength and Conditioning Association Outstanding Sport Scientist award (2014) and Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology Honour Award (2015).

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Papers by David G Behm

Reduced isometric knee extensor force following anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the ipsilateral motor cortex

PLOS ONE

Background The goal of this study was to determine if 10-min of anodal transcranial direct curren... more Background The goal of this study was to determine if 10-min of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) to the motor cortex (M1) is capable of modulating quadriceps isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force or fatigue endurance contralateral or ipsilateral to the stimulation site. Methods In a randomized, cross-over design, 16 (8 females) individuals underwent two sessions of a-tDCS and two sham tDCS (s-tDCS) sessions targeting the left M1 (all participants were right limb dominant), with testing of either the left (ipsilateral) or right (contralateral) quadriceps. Knee extensor (KE) MVC force was recorded prior to and following the a-tDCS and s-tDCS protocols. Additionally, a repetitive MVC fatiguing protocol (12 MVCs with work-rest ratio of 5:10-s) was completed following each tDCS protocol. Results There was a significant interaction effect for stimulation condition x leg tested x time [F(1,60) = 7.156, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.11], which revealed a significan...

Higher Leg and Trunk Muscle Activation during Balance Control in Copers versus People with Chronic Ankle Instability and Healthy Female Athletes

Sports

More than 70% of people with ankle sprain experience chronic ankle instability. However, some peo... more More than 70% of people with ankle sprain experience chronic ankle instability. However, some people are well adapted to this damage (copers) and do not suffer from chronic ankle instability (CAI). This cross-sectional study involved 34 female athletes, who were classified into three groups (athletes with CAI, copers, and healthy athletes) and tested on a Biodex Balance System. Surface electromyography (EMG) and balance scores were monitored. The coper and healthy group exhibited higher medial gastrocnemius (MG) EMG activity during unstable balance conditions. The rectus abdominus (RA) in the coper group and rectus femoris (RF) in the healthy group showed greater EMG activity compared to CAI during unstable conditions. During stable conditions, the coper group showed greater RA EMG activity compared to CAI, as well as higher tibialis anterior (TA) EMG activity compared to the healthy group. Additionally, balance error scores were higher in the CAI group than those in the healthy gro...

Methodological Issues with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Enhancing Muscle Strength and Endurance: A Narrative Review

Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 2021

In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of studies investigating the... more In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of studies investigating the effects that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can have on exercise performance. Currently, there exists substantial conflict in the literature, with many studies reporting that 10–20 min of tDCS can result in augmented performance, while other studies also report no significant changes. Throughout the literature, there is considerable variance in the tDCS protocols being administered. These differences include electrode placement, stimulation intensity, stimulation duration, and participant’s sex. This variance may account for some of the discrepancies in the results of published studies. Therefore, the goal of this narrative review was to explore the differences in tDCS protocols among these studies to help determine which variations seem to be most effective at producing muscle strength and endurance performance increases. It is suggested that a standardized set of protocols would be beneficial in order to make the comparison of the literature more straightforward. Although, as it currently stands, more research in certain areas surrounding various tDCS variables is needed to determine the most optimal setup for increasing exercise performance.

Core Muscle Activation With Foam Rolling and Static Planks

Frontiers in Physiology, 2022

The objective of this study was to compare the activation of the core (trunk) musculature during ... more The objective of this study was to compare the activation of the core (trunk) musculature during quadriceps and hamstrings foam rolling (FR) vs. prone and supine/reverse static planks to determine if FR is a viable means of training the core musculature. Using a randomized allocation, nine recreationally trained, young adults (18–26 years) performed two sets each of quadriceps and hamstrings FR as well as supine/reverse and prone static planks for 30-s each with 1-min rest between sets and 5-min rest between exercises. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lower abdominals (LA), external obliques (EO), lumbosacral erector spinae (LSES), upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES) muscle groups were normalized to a maximum voluntary contraction and analyzed. Quadriceps FR exhibited a very large magnitude greater LA activity compared to reverse plank (p = 0.033, d = 4.42) and hamstrings FR (p = 0.020, d = 3.49), respectively. The prone plank demonstrated very large magnitude higher EO EMG ac...

Correction: Tayech, A., et al. Second Wave of COVID-19 Global Pandemic and Athletes’ Confinement: Recommendations to Better Manage and Optimize the Modified Lifestyle. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8385

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021

Non-local Acute Passive Stretching Effects on Range of Motion in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

Sports Medicine, 2021

Non-local acute stretching effects on strength performance in healthy young adults

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2021

Dominant and nondominant leg press training induce similar contralateral and ipsilateral limb training adaptations with children

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2019

Cross-education has been extensively investigated with adults. Adult studies report asymmetrical ... more Cross-education has been extensively investigated with adults. Adult studies report asymmetrical cross-education adaptations predominately after dominant limb training. The objective of the study was to examine unilateral leg press (LP) training of the dominant or nondominant leg on contralateral and ipsilateral strength and balance measures. Forty-two youth (10–13 years) were placed (random allocation) into a dominant (n = 15) or nondominant (n = 14) leg press training group or nontraining control (n = 13). Experimental groups trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks and were tested pre-/post-training for ipsilateral and contralateral 1-repetition maximum (RM) horizontal LP, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF), countermovement jump (CMJ), triple hop test (THT), MVIC strength of elbow flexors (EF) and handgrip, as well as the stork and Y balance tests. Both dominant and nondominant LP training significantly (p < 0.05) increased both ...

The Effects of Foam Rolling Training on Performance Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis including Controlled and Randomized Controlled Trials

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Foam rolling (FR) is a new and popular technique for increasing range of motion. While there are ... more Foam rolling (FR) is a new and popular technique for increasing range of motion. While there are a few studies that demonstrate increased performance measures after an acute bout of FR, the overall evidence indicates trivial performance benefits. As there have been no meta-analyses on the effects of chronic FR on performance, the objective of this systematic meta-analytical review was to quantify the effects of FR training on performance. We searched PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane library, and Web of Science for FR training studies with a duration greater than two weeks, and found eight relevant studies. We used a random effect meta-analysis that employed a mixed-effect model to identify subgroup analyses. GRADE analysis was used to gauge the quality of the evidence obtained from this meta-analysis. Egger’s regression intercept test (intercept 1.79; p = 0.62) and an average PEDro score of 6.25 (±0.89) indicated no or low risk of reporting bias, respectively. GRADE analysis indicated t...

Resistance Training Induces Improvements in Range of Motion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sports Medicine

Background Although it is known that resistance training can be as effective as stretch training ... more Background Although it is known that resistance training can be as effective as stretch training to increase joint range of motion, to date no comprehensive meta-analysis has investigated the effects of resistance training on range of motion with all its potential affecting variables. Objective The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of chronic resistance training on range of motion compared either to a control condition or stretch training or to a combination of resistance training and stretch training to stretch training, while assessing moderating variables. Design For the main analysis, a random-effect meta-analysis was used and for the subgroup analysis a mixed-effect model was implemented. Whilst subgroup analyses included sex and participants’ activity levels, meta-regression included age, frequency, and duration of resistance training. Data Sources Following the systematic search in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, an...

A comparison of a single bout of stretching or foam rolling on range of motion in healthy adults

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022

Purpose Stretching and foam rolling are common warm-up exercises and can acutely increase the ran... more Purpose Stretching and foam rolling are common warm-up exercises and can acutely increase the range of motion (ROM) of a joint. However, possible differences in the magnitude of change on ROM between these two interventions on the immediate and prolonged effects (e.g., 10 min after the intervention) are not yet well understood. Thus, the purpose of this review was to compare the immediate and prolonged effects of a single bout of foam rolling with a single bout of stretching on ROM in healthy participants. Methods In total, 20 studies with overall 38 effect sizes were found to be eligible for a meta-analysis. For the main analysis, subgroup analysis, we applied a random-effect meta-analysis, mixed-effect model, respectively. The subgroup analyses included age groups, sex, and activity levels of the participants, as well as the tested muscles, the duration of the application, and the study design. Results Meta-analyses revealed no significant differences between a single stretching a...

A comparison of a single bout of stretching or foam rolling on range of motion in healthy adults

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022

Purpose Stretching and foam rolling are common warm-up exercises and can acutely increase the ran... more Purpose Stretching and foam rolling are common warm-up exercises and can acutely increase the range of motion (ROM) of a joint. However, possible differences in the magnitude of change on ROM between these two interventions on the immediate and prolonged effects (e.g., 10 min after the intervention) are not yet well understood. Thus, the purpose of this review was to compare the immediate and prolonged effects of a single bout of foam rolling with a single bout of stretching on ROM in healthy participants. Methods In total, 20 studies with overall 38 effect sizes were found to be eligible for a meta-analysis. For the main analysis, subgroup analysis, we applied a random-effect meta-analysis, mixed-effect model, respectively. The subgroup analyses included age groups, sex, and activity levels of the participants, as well as the tested muscles, the duration of the application, and the study design. Results Meta-analyses revealed no significant differences between a single stretching a...

Stable, Unstable and Metastable States of Equilibrium: Definitions and Applications to Human Movement

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Nov 24, 2015

Acute Effects of Unilateral Self-Administered Static Stretching on Contralateral Limb Performance

JPHR: Journal of Performance Health Research, 2019

Sequencing effects of balance and plyometric training on physical performance in youth soccer athletes

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2016

Non-local muscle fatigue: effects and possible mechanisms

European journal of applied physiology, 2015

Non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) is characterized by muscle performance impairments in a contralat... more Non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) is characterized by muscle performance impairments in a contralateral or remote non-exercised muscle(s) following a fatiguing protocol of a different muscle group(s). This topic is of interest as it affords insights into physiological determinants of muscle fatigue and may provide practical applications concerning the order of exercises in training and rehabilitation programs. A literature review was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases to evaluate the NLMF effects and possible underlying mechanisms. Overall, 35 studies with 58 outcome measures that met the inclusion criteria were identified. The literature is conflicting with approximately half of the studies reporting NLMF effects (32 of 58 measurements). However, on closer examination 76% of outcome measures of the lower limbs reported NLMF effects (23 of 30 measurements) compared to only 32% in the upper body (9 of 28 measurements). Thus, it appears that NLMF effect...

Eccentric and Concentric Jumping Performance During Augmented Jumps with Elastic Resistance: A Meta-Analysis

International journal of sports physical therapy, 2015

The initial rapid eccentric contraction of a stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) activity is typically... more The initial rapid eccentric contraction of a stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) activity is typically reported to accentuate the subsequent concentric jump performance. Some researchers have rationalized that adding elastic resistance (ER) to explosive type activities (e.g. countermovement jumps and drop jumps) would increase excitatory stretch reflex activity and mechanical recoil characteristics of the musculotendinous tissues. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the available literature on jumping movements augmented with ER and to provide a quantitative summary on the effectiveness of this technique for enhancing acute eccentric and concentric jumping performance. In a random-effects model, the Hedges`s g effect size (ES) was used to calculate the biased corrected standardized mean difference between the augmented and similar non-augmented jumps. The results demonstrated that augmented jumps provided a greater eccentric loading compared to free jumps (Hedges`s g ES = 0....

Acute bouts of upper and lower body static and dynamic stretching increase non-local joint range of motion

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015

Haddad JSCR 2013 Static Stretching Can Impair Explosive Performance For At Least 24 Hours

Driving Performance on the Descending Limb of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in Undergraduate Students: A Pilot Study

PLOS ONE, 2015

Reduced isometric knee extensor force following anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the ipsilateral motor cortex

PLOS ONE

Background The goal of this study was to determine if 10-min of anodal transcranial direct curren... more Background The goal of this study was to determine if 10-min of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) to the motor cortex (M1) is capable of modulating quadriceps isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force or fatigue endurance contralateral or ipsilateral to the stimulation site. Methods In a randomized, cross-over design, 16 (8 females) individuals underwent two sessions of a-tDCS and two sham tDCS (s-tDCS) sessions targeting the left M1 (all participants were right limb dominant), with testing of either the left (ipsilateral) or right (contralateral) quadriceps. Knee extensor (KE) MVC force was recorded prior to and following the a-tDCS and s-tDCS protocols. Additionally, a repetitive MVC fatiguing protocol (12 MVCs with work-rest ratio of 5:10-s) was completed following each tDCS protocol. Results There was a significant interaction effect for stimulation condition x leg tested x time [F(1,60) = 7.156, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.11], which revealed a significan...

Higher Leg and Trunk Muscle Activation during Balance Control in Copers versus People with Chronic Ankle Instability and Healthy Female Athletes

Sports

More than 70% of people with ankle sprain experience chronic ankle instability. However, some peo... more More than 70% of people with ankle sprain experience chronic ankle instability. However, some people are well adapted to this damage (copers) and do not suffer from chronic ankle instability (CAI). This cross-sectional study involved 34 female athletes, who were classified into three groups (athletes with CAI, copers, and healthy athletes) and tested on a Biodex Balance System. Surface electromyography (EMG) and balance scores were monitored. The coper and healthy group exhibited higher medial gastrocnemius (MG) EMG activity during unstable balance conditions. The rectus abdominus (RA) in the coper group and rectus femoris (RF) in the healthy group showed greater EMG activity compared to CAI during unstable conditions. During stable conditions, the coper group showed greater RA EMG activity compared to CAI, as well as higher tibialis anterior (TA) EMG activity compared to the healthy group. Additionally, balance error scores were higher in the CAI group than those in the healthy gro...

Methodological Issues with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Enhancing Muscle Strength and Endurance: A Narrative Review

Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 2021

In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of studies investigating the... more In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of studies investigating the effects that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can have on exercise performance. Currently, there exists substantial conflict in the literature, with many studies reporting that 10–20 min of tDCS can result in augmented performance, while other studies also report no significant changes. Throughout the literature, there is considerable variance in the tDCS protocols being administered. These differences include electrode placement, stimulation intensity, stimulation duration, and participant’s sex. This variance may account for some of the discrepancies in the results of published studies. Therefore, the goal of this narrative review was to explore the differences in tDCS protocols among these studies to help determine which variations seem to be most effective at producing muscle strength and endurance performance increases. It is suggested that a standardized set of protocols would be beneficial in order to make the comparison of the literature more straightforward. Although, as it currently stands, more research in certain areas surrounding various tDCS variables is needed to determine the most optimal setup for increasing exercise performance.

Core Muscle Activation With Foam Rolling and Static Planks

Frontiers in Physiology, 2022

The objective of this study was to compare the activation of the core (trunk) musculature during ... more The objective of this study was to compare the activation of the core (trunk) musculature during quadriceps and hamstrings foam rolling (FR) vs. prone and supine/reverse static planks to determine if FR is a viable means of training the core musculature. Using a randomized allocation, nine recreationally trained, young adults (18–26 years) performed two sets each of quadriceps and hamstrings FR as well as supine/reverse and prone static planks for 30-s each with 1-min rest between sets and 5-min rest between exercises. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lower abdominals (LA), external obliques (EO), lumbosacral erector spinae (LSES), upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES) muscle groups were normalized to a maximum voluntary contraction and analyzed. Quadriceps FR exhibited a very large magnitude greater LA activity compared to reverse plank (p = 0.033, d = 4.42) and hamstrings FR (p = 0.020, d = 3.49), respectively. The prone plank demonstrated very large magnitude higher EO EMG ac...

Correction: Tayech, A., et al. Second Wave of COVID-19 Global Pandemic and Athletes’ Confinement: Recommendations to Better Manage and Optimize the Modified Lifestyle. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8385

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021

Non-local Acute Passive Stretching Effects on Range of Motion in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

Sports Medicine, 2021

Non-local acute stretching effects on strength performance in healthy young adults

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2021

Dominant and nondominant leg press training induce similar contralateral and ipsilateral limb training adaptations with children

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2019

Cross-education has been extensively investigated with adults. Adult studies report asymmetrical ... more Cross-education has been extensively investigated with adults. Adult studies report asymmetrical cross-education adaptations predominately after dominant limb training. The objective of the study was to examine unilateral leg press (LP) training of the dominant or nondominant leg on contralateral and ipsilateral strength and balance measures. Forty-two youth (10–13 years) were placed (random allocation) into a dominant (n = 15) or nondominant (n = 14) leg press training group or nontraining control (n = 13). Experimental groups trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks and were tested pre-/post-training for ipsilateral and contralateral 1-repetition maximum (RM) horizontal LP, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF), countermovement jump (CMJ), triple hop test (THT), MVIC strength of elbow flexors (EF) and handgrip, as well as the stork and Y balance tests. Both dominant and nondominant LP training significantly (p < 0.05) increased both ...

The Effects of Foam Rolling Training on Performance Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis including Controlled and Randomized Controlled Trials

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Foam rolling (FR) is a new and popular technique for increasing range of motion. While there are ... more Foam rolling (FR) is a new and popular technique for increasing range of motion. While there are a few studies that demonstrate increased performance measures after an acute bout of FR, the overall evidence indicates trivial performance benefits. As there have been no meta-analyses on the effects of chronic FR on performance, the objective of this systematic meta-analytical review was to quantify the effects of FR training on performance. We searched PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane library, and Web of Science for FR training studies with a duration greater than two weeks, and found eight relevant studies. We used a random effect meta-analysis that employed a mixed-effect model to identify subgroup analyses. GRADE analysis was used to gauge the quality of the evidence obtained from this meta-analysis. Egger’s regression intercept test (intercept 1.79; p = 0.62) and an average PEDro score of 6.25 (±0.89) indicated no or low risk of reporting bias, respectively. GRADE analysis indicated t...

Resistance Training Induces Improvements in Range of Motion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sports Medicine

Background Although it is known that resistance training can be as effective as stretch training ... more Background Although it is known that resistance training can be as effective as stretch training to increase joint range of motion, to date no comprehensive meta-analysis has investigated the effects of resistance training on range of motion with all its potential affecting variables. Objective The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of chronic resistance training on range of motion compared either to a control condition or stretch training or to a combination of resistance training and stretch training to stretch training, while assessing moderating variables. Design For the main analysis, a random-effect meta-analysis was used and for the subgroup analysis a mixed-effect model was implemented. Whilst subgroup analyses included sex and participants’ activity levels, meta-regression included age, frequency, and duration of resistance training. Data Sources Following the systematic search in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, an...

A comparison of a single bout of stretching or foam rolling on range of motion in healthy adults

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022

Purpose Stretching and foam rolling are common warm-up exercises and can acutely increase the ran... more Purpose Stretching and foam rolling are common warm-up exercises and can acutely increase the range of motion (ROM) of a joint. However, possible differences in the magnitude of change on ROM between these two interventions on the immediate and prolonged effects (e.g., 10 min after the intervention) are not yet well understood. Thus, the purpose of this review was to compare the immediate and prolonged effects of a single bout of foam rolling with a single bout of stretching on ROM in healthy participants. Methods In total, 20 studies with overall 38 effect sizes were found to be eligible for a meta-analysis. For the main analysis, subgroup analysis, we applied a random-effect meta-analysis, mixed-effect model, respectively. The subgroup analyses included age groups, sex, and activity levels of the participants, as well as the tested muscles, the duration of the application, and the study design. Results Meta-analyses revealed no significant differences between a single stretching a...

A comparison of a single bout of stretching or foam rolling on range of motion in healthy adults

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022

Purpose Stretching and foam rolling are common warm-up exercises and can acutely increase the ran... more Purpose Stretching and foam rolling are common warm-up exercises and can acutely increase the range of motion (ROM) of a joint. However, possible differences in the magnitude of change on ROM between these two interventions on the immediate and prolonged effects (e.g., 10 min after the intervention) are not yet well understood. Thus, the purpose of this review was to compare the immediate and prolonged effects of a single bout of foam rolling with a single bout of stretching on ROM in healthy participants. Methods In total, 20 studies with overall 38 effect sizes were found to be eligible for a meta-analysis. For the main analysis, subgroup analysis, we applied a random-effect meta-analysis, mixed-effect model, respectively. The subgroup analyses included age groups, sex, and activity levels of the participants, as well as the tested muscles, the duration of the application, and the study design. Results Meta-analyses revealed no significant differences between a single stretching a...

Stable, Unstable and Metastable States of Equilibrium: Definitions and Applications to Human Movement

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Nov 24, 2015

Acute Effects of Unilateral Self-Administered Static Stretching on Contralateral Limb Performance

JPHR: Journal of Performance Health Research, 2019

Sequencing effects of balance and plyometric training on physical performance in youth soccer athletes

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2016

Non-local muscle fatigue: effects and possible mechanisms

European journal of applied physiology, 2015

Non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) is characterized by muscle performance impairments in a contralat... more Non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) is characterized by muscle performance impairments in a contralateral or remote non-exercised muscle(s) following a fatiguing protocol of a different muscle group(s). This topic is of interest as it affords insights into physiological determinants of muscle fatigue and may provide practical applications concerning the order of exercises in training and rehabilitation programs. A literature review was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases to evaluate the NLMF effects and possible underlying mechanisms. Overall, 35 studies with 58 outcome measures that met the inclusion criteria were identified. The literature is conflicting with approximately half of the studies reporting NLMF effects (32 of 58 measurements). However, on closer examination 76% of outcome measures of the lower limbs reported NLMF effects (23 of 30 measurements) compared to only 32% in the upper body (9 of 28 measurements). Thus, it appears that NLMF effect...

Eccentric and Concentric Jumping Performance During Augmented Jumps with Elastic Resistance: A Meta-Analysis

International journal of sports physical therapy, 2015

The initial rapid eccentric contraction of a stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) activity is typically... more The initial rapid eccentric contraction of a stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) activity is typically reported to accentuate the subsequent concentric jump performance. Some researchers have rationalized that adding elastic resistance (ER) to explosive type activities (e.g. countermovement jumps and drop jumps) would increase excitatory stretch reflex activity and mechanical recoil characteristics of the musculotendinous tissues. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the available literature on jumping movements augmented with ER and to provide a quantitative summary on the effectiveness of this technique for enhancing acute eccentric and concentric jumping performance. In a random-effects model, the Hedges`s g effect size (ES) was used to calculate the biased corrected standardized mean difference between the augmented and similar non-augmented jumps. The results demonstrated that augmented jumps provided a greater eccentric loading compared to free jumps (Hedges`s g ES = 0....

Acute bouts of upper and lower body static and dynamic stretching increase non-local joint range of motion

European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015

Haddad JSCR 2013 Static Stretching Can Impair Explosive Performance For At Least 24 Hours

Driving Performance on the Descending Limb of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in Undergraduate Students: A Pilot Study

PLOS ONE, 2015