Canute si Agung
Canute | |
---|---|
![]() Gambaran Rupa Cnut Dari Abad Ke 13 | |
Raja England | |
Pemerintahan | 1016–1035 |
Kemahkotaan | 6 Januari 1017 (London) |
Didahului oleh | Edmund |
Diikuti oleh | Harold |
Raja Denmark | |
Pemerintahan | 1018–1035 |
Didahului oleh | Harald II dari Denmark |
Diikuti oleh | Harthacnut |
Raja Norway | |
Pemerintahan | 1028–1035 |
Didahului oleh | Olaf Haraldsson |
Diikuti oleh | Magnus Olafsson |
Pemakaman | Katedral Winchester |
Pasangan | Ælfgifu dari Northampton Emma dari Normandy |
Anakanda | Svein Knutsson Harold Harefoot Harthacnut Gunhilda |
Kerabat | Kerabat Denmark |
Ayahanda | Sweyn Forkbeard |
Bonda | tidak diketahui (Świętosława / Sigrid/ Gunhild)[1] |
Agama | Gereja Katolik Roma |
Canute Agung (c. 985 atau 995 – 12 November 1035), ataupun lebih dikenali sebagai Cnut, merupakan raja Denmark, England dan sebahagian Sweden. Jika ketiga-tiga negara itu bergabung, Canute Agung akan dikenali sebagai raja Empayar Laut Utara. Selepas kemangkatan beliau, puak Norman menakluk England pada tahun 1066. Kehilangan beliau antara terbesar dalam sejarah. Salah seorang sejarawan mendapati beliau ialah "raja paling berkesan dalam sejarah Anglo-Saxon."
Semasa menjadi Putera Denmark, Canute menaiki takhta England pada tahun 1016 pada zaman kemuncak Viking di barat laut Eropah. Beliau menaiki takhta Denmark pada tahun 1018 dan menggabungkan kemahkotaan England dan Denmark. Selepas sedekad berkonflik di Scandinavia, Cnut merampas takhta Norway di Trondheim pada tahun 1028. Kota Sweden, Sigtuna dipegang oleh Cnut.[2] Selepas kejayaan beliau menentang Norway dan Sweden pada tahun 1026, beliau mengatakan beliau adalah "Raja seluruh England dan Denmark dan Norway dan sebahagian Sweden".[3]
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Ibu Canute Agung merupakan subjek perdebatan utama kerana ahli-ahli sejarah berpendapat nama-nama tertunjuk ialah mungkin antara nama ibu Canute Agung.
- ^ Graslund, B.,'Knut den store och sveariket: Slaget vid Helgea i ny belysning', Scandia, vol. 52 (1986), pp. 211–238.
- ^ Lawson, Cnut, p. 97. The Anglo-Saxon kings used the title "king of the English". Canute was ealles Engla landes cyning—"king of all England."
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Adam of Bremen (1917), Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontifificum, or History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen. English translation by F. J. Tschan., Hamburg: Hahnuni
- Campbell, Alistair, penyunting (1998), Encomium Emmae Reginae, London: Cambridge University
- Ellis, P. B. (1993), Celt & Saxon, Suffolk: St. Edmundsbury Press
- Forte, A.; dll. (2005), Viking Empires (ed. 1st), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-82992-5 Explicit use of et al. in:
|first=
(bantuan) - Frank, R. (1999), King Cnut in the verse of his skalds. In The Reign of Cnut, London: Leicester University Press, ISBN 0-7185-0205-1
- Henry of Huntingdon (1853), The Chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon, comprising The History of England, From the Invasion of Julius Caesar to the accession of Henry II. English translation by T.A.M. Forester, London: Henry, G. Bohn
- Hudson, B. T. (1994), Knutr & Viking Dublin, Scandinavian Studies
- Jones, Gwyn (1984), A History of the Vikings (ed. 2nd), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-285139-X
- Lawson, M. K. (2004), Cnut – England's Viking King (ed. 2nd), Stroud: Tempus, ISBN 0-7524-2964-7
- Olsen, O. (1992), Christianity & Churches. In From Viking to Crusader – The Scandinavians & Europe 800–1200, Copenhagen: Nordic Council Of Ministers
- Ranelagh, John O'Bernie (2001), A Short History of Ireland, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-46944-9
- Sawyer, P. (1997), The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings (ed. 1st), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-820526-0
- Snorri Sturluson (1990), Heimskringla, or The Lives of the Norse Kings. English translation by Erling Monsen & A. H. Smith., Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., ISBN 0-486-26366-5
- Swanton, Michael, penyunting (1996), The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, New York: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-92129-5
- Thietmar (1962) Chronik: Chronicon; Neu übertragen und erläutert von Werner Trillmich. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft
- Trow, M. J. (2005), Cnut – Emperor of the North, Stroud: Sutton, ISBN 0-7509-3387-9
- William of Malmesbury (1998), Gesta Regnum Anglorum. English translation by R.A.B. Mynors, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Bacaan lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Barlow, Frank (1979) [1963]. The English Church, 1000–1066 (ed. 2nd). London: Longman.
- Bolton, Timothy (2009), The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century, The Northern World. North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 A.D.: Peoples, Economies and Cultures, volume 40, Leiden: Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-16670-7, ISSN 1569-1462
- Hudson, B. T. (1992). "Cnut and the Scottish Kings". The English Historical Review. 107: 350–60. doi:10.1093/ehr/cvii.423.350.
- Lawson, M. K. (2005) [2004]. "Cnut (d. 1035)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ed. online). Oxford University Press.
- Mack, Katharine (1984). "Changing Thegns: Cnut's Conquest and the English Aristocracy". Albion. 16.4: 375–87. doi:10.2307/4049386.
- Rumble, Alexander R., penyunting (1994). The Reign of Cnut: King of England, Denmark and Norway. Studies in the early history of Britain. London: Leicester UP. Missing or empty
|title=
(bantuan) - Templat:Cite Stenton ASE
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Canute the Great
- Canute (Knud) The Great – From Viking warrior to English king
- Vikingworld (Danish) – Canute the Great (Knud den Store)
- Time Team – Who was King Cnut?
- Northvegr (Scandinavian) – A History of the Vikings (Search) Diarkibkan 2006-09-27 di archive.today
- Images from the British Library's collections
Gelaran pemerintah | ||
---|---|---|
Didahului oleh Edmund Ironside |
Raja seluruh England 1016–1035 |
Diikuti oleh: Harold Harefoot |
Didahului oleh Harald II |
Raja Denmark 1018–1035 |
Diikuti oleh: Harthacnut |
Didahului oleh Olaf the Saint |
Raja Norway 1028–1035 bersama Hákon Eiríksson (1028–1029) Sveinn Alfífuson (1030–1035) |
Diikuti oleh: Magnus I |
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