Gender and Women's Studies

For Issue 5th of Ethnomusicology Journal published by the Association of Ethnomusicology, we called for articles and fieldwork examples to address the models introduced by the discipline of ethnomusicology from past to present, definition of concept of field and critics on how the perspectives spe- cific to ethnomusicology are shaped. This issue includes the articles that pro- vide an overview of the historical development process and reassess the new approaches and also presents the free-theme works in the scope of the sub- ject. Since we aimed to include translations of the articles that are published in the field of ethnomusicology in different languages and selected by us among the reference studies, we took the first step by publishing a translated article in this issue towards making contributions to the researchers who read and speak in the Turkish language.
I would like to point out that some discussions on the discipline of eth- nomusicology played a role in determining the theme of this issue. This is because it has been needed to reassess, based on the current perceptions, the approaches of the discipline of ethnomusicology from past to present while the name and scope of this discipline has been discussed by some circles. To summarize the process, it would be a contradictory approach to regard a discipline, as ethnocentric, that examines the othering social structures and the music production styles of the social structures based on some already-effective studies from a cultural-relativist view and makes them visible, and it was needed, even as a preliminary step, to address them via the articles leading to debates of ideas. Likewise, it is possible to see that ethnomusicology adopts a distant attitude to the point of post-colonial approach, which has had an influence throughout the social sciences from time to time, considering the elements it places in the order of importance. As I mentioned, in the early studies, ethnomusicology exhibited an approach including the fields with more flexible borders in the definition of "fieldwork" by questioning the concept of field in parallel to the changing social structures while exemplify- ing the "othering" structures from the settings such as village and rural areas etc., and by offering new search models. Thus, it would not be wrong to say that a music setting has reached a diversity covering the ritual settings which music accompanies or where music is produced, and digital platforms and those where popular cultural products are positioned. Accompanied by this expansion, new methods of ethnography have begun to have a place within the “fieldwork” methods and techniques of ethnomusicology.
The dynamics of the cultural context mentioned in the definition of eth- nomusicology “researching music with its cultural context” that is a fixed and simple definition coming to our mind firstly, vary along with the changes and have begun to introduce the studies in which the concept of culture is even discussed. Finally, we gave a place, in Issue 5th, for the works that exemplify the fast and reflexive response of the discipline of ethnomusicology to the changing social dynamics, in terms of abstract and conceptual aspects by giving concrete data including detailed definitions within theoretical framework. To summarize Issue 5th with respect to this content that will continue in the next issue, it is needed to start with Mehmet Ali Sanlıkol's article “Re-Evaluating Bimusicality in and for the 21st Century: An Immigrant’s Perspective" that addresses the concept of ”bi-musicality" which was suggested by Mantle Hood in 1960s for the first time. In Okan Murat Öztürk's article “Modernizing with Mandolin: Music Education in Village Institutes in the Light of the Program of Turkism in the Field of Music”, the criticism on westernization and modernisation in Turkey is presented in terms of music education program of village institutes, and when we look at the process from the perspective of ethnomusicology, it is also possible to read it as othering of the local. In her article “Bartok's Influence on Saygun: Collaboration and Transmutations”, Özgecan Karadağlı discusses the impact of Bela Bartok, who is regarded as an ethnomusicologist in terms of her works apart from her composer identity, on Ahmed Adnan Saygun having the same attributes with Bartok, in terms of collaboration and musical transmutation. Then, in his article titled as "Variations of Hey Onbeşli Song from Outside of Anatolia", Nejdet Kurt touches upon the findings on presence of the folk song "Hey Onbeşli Onbeşli" in different geographies. The Ecenur Güvendik’s article “Music in Political Culture: the Eurovision Song Con- test”, which is the last example of the articles we have introduced in the context of the theme, is one of the studies that we can assess the new approaches of ethnomusicology in terms of concept and field. Our journal hosts three articles in the section of "Free Theme". The first article is Emre Elivar's “Chopin's Piano Sonatas”, the second is Gökçe Güneygül's “Research of The Female Instrument Players and Instrument Description in Ottoman Harems”, and the third and last one is Beril Özyazici's “Structural Differences in Piano Works of Classical and Early Romantic Period Composers”. In the section of “translated article”, which we included in this issue for the first time as the section free theme the part " Knowing Fieldwork" in the book “Shadow in the Field: New Perspectives for Fieldwork in Ethnomusicology” written by Jeff Todd Titon and edited by Gregory Barz ve Timothy J. Cooley is presented as translated by Göksal Öztürk into Turkish with the title of "Alanı Tanımak".
The journal reviewers of Issue 5th include Aylin Çakıcı Uzar, Bilen Işıktaş, Cansevil Tebiş, Gökhan Aybulus, Gökmen Özmenteş, Hikmet Toker and Şirin Karadeniz.
I would like to thank all our authors who contributed articles and trans- lations to our Journal, and reviewers for their contributions and convey my heartfelt wish to contribute to the field with valuable works - one more valuable than the other- in our next issues.