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Union Europea

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Union Europea
Bulgar: Европейски съюз
Cech: Evropská unie
Croat: Europska unija
Danesc: Den Europæiske Union
Eston: Euroopa Liit
Finlandesc: Euroopan unioni
Franzëus: Union européenne
Gaelich: An tAontas Eorpach
Grech: Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση
Letton: Eiropas Savienība
Lituan: Europos Sąjunga
Maltesc: Unjoni Ewropea
Nglëisc: European Union
Olandesc: Europese Unie
Polach: Unia Europejska
Portughesc: União Europeia
Romen: Uniunea Europeană
Slovach: Európska únia
Sloven: Evropska unija
Spanuel: Unión Europea
Svedesc: Europeiska unionen
Talian: Unione europea
Tudësch: Europäische Union
Ungaresc: Európai Unió
Inn
Inn de l'Europa
Raion de l'Union Europea sul globus
L'Union Europea cun si raions speziei
Sëntes istituzioneles
  • Parlamënt
Majer raion metropolitan Paris
Rujenedes ufizieles 24 rujenedes
3 rujenedes prinzipeles
Franzëus • Nglëisc • Tudësch
Alfabec ufiziei Latin • Grech • Zirilich
Religion (2015)[1]
Sort Union supranaziunela
Cumëmbri 27 cumëmbri
Furmazion
• Tratat de Paris
• Tratat de Roma
• At Sëul Europeich
• Tratat de Maastricht
• Tratat de Lisboa
18 auril 1951
1 jené 1958
1 lugio 1987
1 novëmber 1993
1 dezëmber 2009
Spersa
  • De ndut
  • Ega
4 236 351 km²[2]
3,08%
Populazion
  • 2020
  • Densità
447 706 209 ab.[3]
105,7 ab./km²
PIB (VPC)
  • De ndut
  • A persona
 Stima 2021
Increase $20 823 miliarc
Increase $46 582
PIB (numinel)
  • De ndut
  • A persona
 Stima 2021
Increase $17 046 miliarc
Increase $38 134
Munëida Euro (€) (EUR)
Autres
Zona d'orar
 UTC nfin a UTC+2
UTC+1 nfin a UTC+3
Plata internet europa.eu

L'Union Europea ie n'union sëuranaziunela y anterguviernativa de 27 stac mëmbri independënc democratics européesc.

Storia

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L'Union européa ie la majera cunfederazion de stac independënc a livel mundiel, crieda sota chëst inuem dl 1992 tres l tratà sun l'Union européa (Tratà de Maastricht). Per n grum d'aspec ejistova l'Union bele dan chësta data tres na sfilza de relazions predezessëures, pian via dal 1951.

Da l ann 2002 ie uni metu it l Euro.

Al mumënt à l'Union européa n marcià chemun unich, fat da n'union duanela, na munëida unica dirijeda da la banca zentrela européa (adurveda per l mumënt da 14 di 27 cumëmbri), na politiga agricula chemuna, na politiga de cumerz chemuna y na politiga chemuna de pëscia. Na politiga furesta y de segurëza chemuna dëssa vester l segond pilier di trëi piliers dl'Union européa. La cunvenzion de Schengen à abolì l cuntrol dl passaport y l cuntrol duanel per n valgun stac dl'Union, crian na lerch de mobilità chemuna per la vita, l lëur, i viages y l'investizions di sentadins dl'UE.

L'istituzions dl'UE plu impuratantes ie l Cunsëi dl'Union européa, la Cumission européa, la Chëurt européa dla Justizia, l Parlamënt europée, l Cunsëi europée y la Banca zentrela européa.

Stac cumëmbri

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Lista di stac cumëmbri de l'Union Europea
Inuem Unit leprò Populazion[4] Spersa (km²) PIB
(milions de US$) 		PIB (VPC)
a persona[5] 		Munëida Gini ISU
 MEPs Rujendes
Austria Austria 1995 8 926 000 83 855 447 718 55,406[6] euro 29,1[7] 0,922[8] 19 Tudësch
Belje Belje 1957Fundadëur 11 566 041 30 528 517 609 50,114[6] euro 33,0[7] 0,931[8] 21 Olandesc
Franzëus
Tudësch
Bulgaria Bulgaria 2007 6 916 548 110 994 66 250 23,741[6] lev 29,2[7] 0,816[8] 17 Bulgarian
Croazia Croazia 2013 4 036 355 56 594 60 702 27,681[6] kuna 29[7] 0,851[8] 12 Croatian
Cipre Cipre[lower-alpha 1] 2004 896 000 9 251 24 280 39,079[6] euro 31,2[7] 0,887[8] 6 Greek
Turkish[lower-alpha 2]
Republica Ceca Republica Ceca 2004 10 574 153 78 866 246 953 40,293[6] koruna 25,8[7] 0,900[8] 21 Cech[lower-alpha 3]
Danimarca Denemarch[lower-alpha 4] 1973 5 833 883 43 075 347 176 57,781[6] krone 24,7[7] 0,940[8] 14 Danish
Estonia Estonia 2004 1 330 068 45 227 31 038 37,033[6] euro 36,0[7] 0,892[8] 7 Estonian
Finlandia Finlandia[lower-alpha 5] 1995 5 527 493 338 424 269 654 49,334[6] euro 26,9[7] 0,938[8] 14 Finnish
Svedesc
Franzia Franzia[lower-alpha 6] 1957Fundadëur 67 439 614 632 833[9] 2 707 074 45,454[6] euro 32,7[7] 0,901[8] 79 Franzëus
Germania Germania 1957Fundadëur[lower-alpha 7] 83 120 520 357 386 3 863 344 53,571[6] euro 31,9[7] 0,947[8] 96 Tudësch
Grecia Grecia 1981 10 682 547 131 990 214 012 29,045[6] euro 34,3[7] 0,888[8] 21 Greek
Ungaria Ungaria 2004 9 730 772 93 030 170 407 32,434[6] forint 30,0[7] 0,854[8] 21 Ungaresc
Republica de Irlanda Irlanda 1973 5 006 324 70 273 384 940 89,383[6] euro 34,3[7] 0,955[8] 13 Nglëisc
Irish
Talia Talia 1957Fundadëur 59 862 348 301 338 1 988 636 40,065[6] euro 36,0[7] 0,892[8] 76 Talian
Letonia Letonia 2004 1 893 223 64 589 35 045 30,579[6] euro 35,7[7] 0,866[8] 8 Latvian
Lituania Lituania 2004 2 795 680 65 200 53 641 38,605[6] euro 35,8[7] 0,882[8] 11 Lithuanian
Luxemburg Luxemburg 1957Fundadëur 633 347 2 586,4 69 453 112,875[6] euro 30,8[7] 0,916[8] 6 Franzëus
Tudësch
Luxembourgish[lower-alpha 8]
Malta Malta 2004 516 100 316 14 859 43,086[6] euro 25,8[7] 0,895[8] 6 Maltesc
English
Paejes Basc Paejes Basc[lower-alpha 9] 1957Fundadëur 17 614 840 41 543 902 355 57,101[6] euro 30,9[7] 0,944[8] 29 Olandesc
Frisian[lower-alpha 10]
Polonia Polonia 2004 37 840 001 312 685 565 854 33,739[6] złoty 34,9[7] 0,880[8] 52 Polach
Portugal Portugal[lower-alpha 11] 1986 10 298 252[10] 92[11] 236 408 33,131[6] euro 32,1[12] 0,864[8] 21 Portughesc[lower-alpha 12]
Romania Romania 2007 19 186 201 238 391 243 698 30,141[6] leu 31,5[7] 0,828[8] 33 Romanian
Slovachia Slovachia 2004 5 459 781 49 035 106 552 32,184[6] euro 25,8[7] 0,860[8] 14 Slovak
Slovenia Slovenia 2004 2 108 977 20 273 54 154 38,506[6] euro 31,2[7] 0,917[8] 8 Slovene
Spania Spania[lower-alpha 13] 1986 47 394 223 504 030 1 397 870 38,143[6] euro 32,0[7] 0,904[8] 59 Spanuel
Galician
Catalan
Occitan
Basque[lower-alpha 14]
Svezia Svezia 1995 10 370 000 449 964 528 929 52,477[6] krona 25,0[7] 0,945[8] 21 Svedesc
Totals/Averages – 447 562 291 4 224 488,4 15 687 843 35,083 – (mesaria) 30,8 (mesaria) 0,897 705 –
Notes
  1. ↑ De facto (though not de jure) excludes the disputed territory of Turkish Cyprus and the U.N. buffer zone. See: Cyprus dispute.
  2. ↑ The Turkish language is not an official language of the European Union.
  3. ↑ Officially recognised minority languages:
  4. ↑ Excludes the autonomous regions of Greenland, which left the then-EEC in 1985, and the Faroe Islands.
  5. ↑ Includes Åland, an autonomous region of Finland.
  6. ↑ Includes the overseas regions of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Réunion, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and the overseas collectivity of Saint Martin. Excludes the overseas collectivities of French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna; the special collectivity of New Caledonia; Clipperton Island; and the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
  7. ↑ On 3 utober 1990, the constituent states of the former German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany, automatically becoming part of the EU.
  8. ↑ The Luxembourgish language is not an official language of the European Union.
  9. ↑ Excludes the three special municipalities of the Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba). Also excludes the three other constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten).
  10. ↑ The Frisian language is not an official language of the European Union.
  11. ↑ Includes the autonomous regions of the Azores and Madeira.
  12. ↑ Mirandese is an officially recognized minority language. The law provides for its promotion and allows its usage for local matters in Miranda do Douro municipality. It is not an official language of the European Union.
  13. ↑ Includes the autonomous community of the Canary Islands; the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla; and the territories comprising the plazas de soberanía.
  14. ↑ Basque, Catalan/Valencian, Occitan and Galician are co-official languages with Castilian Spanish in their respective territories, allowing their use in EU institutions under limited circumstances.[13]

Outermost regions

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Plu nfurmazions: Special member state territories and the European Union

There are a number of overseas member state territories which are legally part of the EU, but have certain exemptions based on their remoteness; see Overseas Countries and Territories Association. These "outermost regions" have partial application of EU law and in some cases are outside of Schengen or the EU VAT area—however they are legally within the EU.[14] They all use the euro as their currency.

Territory Member State Post Spersa
km2 		Populazion PIB a persona
(EU=100) 		Zona CVN de l'UE Zona Schengen
 Azores  Portugal Ozean Atlantich 2,333 237,900 66.7 Sci Sci
 Ijules Canaries  Spania Ozean Atlantich 7,447 1,715,700 93.7 No Sci
 French Guiana  Franzia South America 84,000 161,100 50.5 No No
 Guadeloupe  Franzia Caribich 1,710 425,700 50.5 No No
 Madeira  Portugal Ozean Atlantich 795 244,800 94.9 Sci Sci
 Saint-Martin  Franzia Caribich 52 25,000 61.9 No No
 Martinique  Franzia Caribich 1,080 383,300 75.6 No No
 Mayotte[15]  Franzia Ozean Indian 374 212,645 No No
 Réunion  Franzia Ozean Indian 2,512 837,868 61.6 No No

Abbreviations

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Abbreviations have been used as a shorthand way of grouping countries by their date of accession.

  • EU15 includes the fifteen countries in the European Union from 1 January 1995 to 1 May 2004. The EU15 comprised Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom.[16] Eurostat still uses this expression.
  • EU19 includes the countries in the EU15 as well as the central European member countries of the OECD: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovak Republic.[17]
  • EU11 is used to refer to the Central, Eastern and Baltic European member states that joined in 2004, 2007 and 2013: in 2004 the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia; in 2007 Bulgaria, Romania; and in 2013 Croatia.[18][19]
  • EU27 means all the member states. It was originally used in this sense from 2007 until Croatia's accession in 2013, and during the Brexit negotiations from 2017 until the United Kingdom's withdrawal on 31 January 2020 it came to mean all members except the UK.
  • EU28 meant all the member states from the accession of Croatia in 2013 to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom in 2020.

Additionally, other abbreviations have been used to refer to countries which have limited access to the EU labour market.[20]

  • A8 is eight of the ten countries that joined the EU in 2004, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia.
  • A2 is the countries that joined the EU in 2007, Bulgaria and Romania.

Fontanas

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  • Eric Cò, Unione Europea. Mito o realtà?, Italian University Press, Genova 2010
  • Nicoletta Di Sotto, Dalla periferia all'Europa. I partiti etnoregionalisti e l'Unione europea, 2009, Rubbettino Editore, Soveria Mannelli (CZ)
  • Timothy Garton Ash, Storia del presente. Dalla caduta del muro alle guerre dei Balcani, Mondadori, Milano 2001
  • Bino Olivi, L'Europa difficile. Storia politica dell'integrazione europea, Il Mulino, Bologna 2001
  • Sabino Cassese, Democrazia e Unione europea, in “Giornale di Storia costituzionale”, 2002, n. 3, pp. 9–16.
  • Sabino Cassese, L’Unione europea come organizzazione pubblica composita, in “Rivista Italiana di Diritto Pubblico Comunitario”, 2000, n. 5, pp. 987–992.

Liams

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Referënzes

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  1. ↑ "DISCRIMINATION IN THE EU IN 2015". Special Eurobarometer. 437. European Union: European Commission. 2015. Archivià da l uriginel ai 14 March 2020. Trat ite ai 15 October 2017 – via GESIS.
  2. ↑ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ee.html.
  3. ↑ https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=tps00001.
  4. ↑ "Council Decision (EU, Euratom) 2021/2320 of 22 December 2021 amending the Council's Rules of Procedure". Decision[[:Template:Space]]No. 2021/2320[[:Template:Space]]of[[:Template:Space]]Error: the date or year parameters are either empty or in an invalid format, please use a valid year for year, and use DMY, MDY, MY, or Y date formats for date. Council of the European Union. {{cite book}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  5. ↑ at purchasing power parity, per capita, in international dollars (rounded)
  6. ↑ 6,00 6,01 6,02 6,03 6,04 6,05 6,06 6,07 6,08 6,09 6,10 6,11 6,12 6,13 6,14 6,15 6,16 6,17 6,18 6,19 6,20 6,21 6,22 6,23 6,24 6,25 6,26 "IMF". www.imf.org (per inglese americano). Trat ite ai 5 December 2020.
  7. ↑ 7,00 7,01 7,02 7,03 7,04 7,05 7,06 7,07 7,08 7,09 7,10 7,11 7,12 7,13 7,14 7,15 7,16 7,17 7,18 7,19 7,20 7,21 7,22 7,23 7,24 7,25 "worldbank.org".
  8. ↑ 8,00 8,01 8,02 8,03 8,04 8,05 8,06 8,07 8,08 8,09 8,10 8,11 8,12 8,13 8,14 8,15 8,16 8,17 8,18 8,19 8,20 8,21 8,22 8,23 8,24 8,25 8,26 "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). United Nations. Trat ite ai 12 August 2021.
  9. ↑ Anonymous (5 July 2016). "Living in the EU - European Union - European Commission". European Union. Archivià dal uriginel ai 27 April 2017. Trat ite ai 26 April 2017.
  10. ↑ "Statistics Portugal - Web Portal". www.ine.pt. Archivià dal uriginel ai 18 November 2018. Trat ite ai 10 June 2019.
  11. ↑ "Portugal tem 92.212 quilómetros quadrados, por enquanto... - Sociedade - PUBLICO.PT". 5 October 2012. Archivià da l uriginel ai 5 October 2012.
  12. ↑ "Índice de Gini (percentagem)". www.pordata.pt. Archivià dal uriginel ai 16 February 2020. Trat ite ai 1 February 2020.
  13. ↑ "Regional and minority languages in the European Union" (PDF) (PDF). European Parliament Members' Research Service. September 2016. Archivià (PDF) dal uriginel ai 17 May 2018. Trat ite ai 16 January 2019.
  14. ↑ Regional policy & outermost regions Archived 16 setëmber 2011 te la Wayback Machine, European Commission
  15. ↑ "Council Directive 2013/61/EU of December 2013" (PDF). 17 December 2013. Archivià dal uriginel ai 2 January 2014. Trat ite ai 1 January 2014.
  16. ↑ "OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - EU15 Definition". stats.oecd.org. Archivià dal uriginel ai 26 October 2019. Trat ite ai 13 August 2019.
  17. ↑ "OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - EU21 Definition". stats.oecd.org. Archivià dal uriginel ai 31 October 2013. Trat ite ai 13 August 2019.
  18. ↑ Vértesy, László (2018). "Macroeconomic Legal Trends in the EU11 Countries" (PDF). Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review. 3. No. 1. 2018. Archivià da l uriginel (PDF) ai 12 August 2019. Trat ite ai 13 August 2019.
  19. ↑ Loichinger, Elke; Madzarevic-Sujster, Sanja; Vincelette, Gallina A.; Laco, Matija; Korczyc, Ewa (1 June 2013). "EU11 regular economic report" (per inglese): 1–92. Archivià dal uriginel ai 12 August 2019. Trat ite ai 13 August 2019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  20. ↑ "Who are the "A8 countries"?" (per inglese britannico). 24 April 2005. Archivià dal uriginel ai 10 May 2020. Trat ite ai 1 March 2020.
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