... JC SAUNDERS, JOY TEAGUE, DEBORAH SLONIM, and PA PRIDMOREe Monash University ... Extinction of... more ... JC SAUNDERS, JOY TEAGUE, DEBORAH SLONIM, and PA PRIDMOREe Monash University ... Extinction of the habit showed a return to chance behaviors and lengthenin8 of running time. The T-maze task appears to be a satisfactory method for studying learning in this species. ...
... Anim. Behav., 1971, 19, 552-555 SUCCESSIVE HABIT-REVERSAL LEARNING IN MONOTREME TACHYGLOSSUS ... more ... Anim. Behav., 1971, 19, 552-555 SUCCESSIVE HABIT-REVERSAL LEARNING IN MONOTREME TACHYGLOSSUS ACULEA TUS (ECHIDNA) BY JAMES C. SAUNDERS, CHIA-SHONG CHEN & PETER A. PRIDMORE* Department of Psychology, Monash University, Victoria ...
Juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii exhibited a type II functional response while preying o... more Juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii exhibited a type II functional response while preying on blackworms Lumbriculus variegatus, and the parameters of the type II model did not differ significantly between clear (0 NTU) and turbid (150 NTU) treatments. Further experiments showed that vision may not be necessary for prey detection and capture by juvenile M. peelii; consumption of inanimate prey was not significantly different between light and dark (<1 × 10(-4) µE m(-2) s(-1)) trials. These results imply that the sensory physiology of M. peelii is well adapted to a turbid visual environment. In addition, habitat complexity increased the food consumption rate of juvenile M. peelii, perhaps by relaxing innate predator avoidance behaviours that depress foraging in more open environments.
The locomotor characteristics of morphologically conservative New World marsupials (Didelphidae a... more The locomotor characteristics of morphologically conservative New World marsupials (Didelphidae and Microbiotheriidae) were investigated using cinematography and cineradiography. These investigations are reported as four separate research papers. The first paper reports studies on terrestrial progression in five species of didelphid opossum. Film records were analyze to determine the extent to which the duration of the locomotor cycle and the contact phase of that cycle vary with locomotor speed. The influence of speed on the phase-lag of the ipsilateral limbs was also investigated. In all animals the duration of the locomotor cycle and the contact phase of that cycle decreased exponentially with locomotor velocity. In general large animals showed greater durations than small animals. In all species there was evidence of a dual system of phase adjustment within the speed range in which symmetrical gaits are used. The second paper examines the influence of substrate diameter on the locomotor performance of five didelphid species. Horizontal dowels of five different diameters were used as substrates and the speed ranges and phase-lags used by the different species were determined. On the larger diameter dowels all five species employed a range of speeds and displayed locomotor competence. Narrower dowels were used with similar facility by the three relatively arboreal study species, but appeared to present a problem for the two more terrestrial species, whose movements became slow and unsteady on these substrates. All five species used diagonal sequence gaits during moderate to fast locomotion. During slower progression the patterns of phase adjustment varied between species. The locomotor movements of the sole living member of the family Microbiotheriidae, Dromiciops australis, are described in the third paper. Cinematographic records reveal both diagonal sequence symmetrical gaits and the asymmetrical half-bound in this species. The former suggest that Dromiciops may use narrow branch in its natural habitat. The fourth paper reports on the trunk movements during locomotion of Monodelphis domestica. Cinematographic records suggest significant lateral bending of the trunk vertebrae of this small didelphid during slow walking and cineradiography confirms it. With increasing speed lateral bending decreases and when the animal starts half-bounding, trunk movements become sagittal.Ph.D.Biological SciencesZoologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/128028/2/8712193.pd
Cineradiographic analysis of the limb movements of Ornithorhynchus reveals that the proximal limb... more Cineradiographic analysis of the limb movements of Ornithorhynchus reveals that the proximal limb bones undergo horizontal retraction, long‐axis rotation and distal elevation (humerus) or depression (femur) during the propulsive phase of walking. Cinematographic records show that the locomotor movements of Ornithorhynchus differ in several respects from those of Tachyglossus and Zaglossus which are essentially similar. Comparison of the propulsive phase limb movements of Ornithorhynchus with those previously established radiographically for Tachyglossus reveals that the humerus is on average less laterally but more dorsally directed, and that the femur is on average more dorsally and slightly more laterally directed in Ornithorhynchus. Comparison of the limb orientations of monotremes with those empirically determined in therian mammals and lepidosaurian reptiles indicates that monotremes are most similar to therians. Consideration of several evidently derived features of the appendicular skeleton of monotremes leads to the conclusion that the limb orientations used by early mammals were probably similar to those used by locomotively generalized living therians, and that monotremes show modifications of this.
... Author Information. 1 [[email protected]], Department of Geology, Australian National U... more ... Author Information. 1 [[email protected]], Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 2 [richard.barwick@anu. edu.au], Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 3 ...
The major components of the faecal micron ora of Feathertail Gliders (Acrobates pygmaeus) were de... more The major components of the faecal micron ora of Feathertail Gliders (Acrobates pygmaeus) were determined for free-living animals inhabiting eucalypt forest in the Dandenong Ranges region of Victoria and for animals obtained from the same area but kept on an artificial diet in laboratory facilities. Acrobates pygmaeus in the laboratory were fed an homogenate consisting of baby food supplemented with vitamins and honey. The wild A. pygmaeus had access to the normal dietary items available in late winter in this part of their natural range. Faecal samples obtained from both groups of animals were analysed using standard procedures to assess the numbers of total aerobes and anaerobes, yeasts, and aerobic and anaerobic streptococci. The A. pygmaeus fed artificially had a denser faecal microflora than the free-living A. pygmaeus. Each gram of faeces from the artificially fed animals contained about 108-109 colony forming units (cfu) of total anaerobes,108-109 cfu of aerobes and 105-106 c...
The locomotor characteristics of morphologically conservative New World marsupials (Didelphidae a... more The locomotor characteristics of morphologically conservative New World marsupials (Didelphidae and Microbiotheriidae) were investigated using cinematography and cineradiography. These investigations are reported as four separate research papers. The first paper reports studies on terrestrial progression in five species of didelphid opossum. Film records were analyze to determine the extent to which the duration of the locomotor cycle and the contact phase of that cycle vary with locomotor speed. The influence of speed on the phase-lag of the ipsilateral limbs was also investigated. In all animals the duration of the locomotor cycle and the contact phase of that cycle decreased exponentially with locomotor velocity. In general large animals showed greater durations than small animals. In all species there was evidence of a dual system of phase adjustment within the speed range in which symmetrical gaits are used. The second paper examines the influence of substrate diameter on the locomotor performance of five didelphid species. Horizontal dowels of five different diameters were used as substrates and the speed ranges and phase-lags used by the different species were determined. On the larger diameter dowels all five species employed a range of speeds and displayed locomotor competence. Narrower dowels were used with similar facility by the three relatively arboreal study species, but appeared to present a problem for the two more terrestrial species, whose movements became slow and unsteady on these substrates. All five species used diagonal sequence gaits during moderate to fast locomotion. During slower progression the patterns of phase adjustment varied between species. The locomotor movements of the sole living member of the family Microbiotheriidae, Dromiciops australis, are described in the third paper. Cinematographic records reveal both diagonal sequence symmetrical gaits and the asymmetrical half-bound in this species. The former suggest that Dromiciops may use narrow branch in its natural habitat. The fourth paper reports on the trunk movements during locomotion of Monodelphis domestica. Cinematographic records suggest significant lateral bending of the trunk vertebrae of this small didelphid during slow walking and cineradiography confirms it. With increasing speed lateral bending decreases and when the animal starts half-bounding, trunk movements become sagittal.Ph.D.Biological SciencesZoologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/128028/2/8712193.pd
... Author Information. 1 [[email protected]], Department of Geology, Australian National U... more ... Author Information. 1 [[email protected]], Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 2 [richard.barwick@anu. edu.au], Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 3 ...
... Orientations for Tachyglossus from Jenkins (1970a, fig. ... accounts which detail the limb mo... more ... Orientations for Tachyglossus from Jenkins (1970a, fig. ... accounts which detail the limb movements during locomotion of lepidosaurians (eg Sukhanov, 1973) and locomotively generalized therians (eg Jenkins & Camazine, 1977) indicate that the patterns of activity of the ...
Juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii exhibited a type II functional response while preying o... more Juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii exhibited a type II functional response while preying on blackworms Lumbriculus variegatus, and the parameters of the type II model did not differ significantly between clear (0 NTU) and turbid (150 NTU) treatments. Further experiments showed that vision may not be necessary for prey detection and capture by juvenile M. peelii; consumption of inanimate prey was not significantly different between light and dark (<1 × 10(-4) µE m(-2) s(-1)) trials. These results imply that the sensory physiology of M. peelii is well adapted to a turbid visual environment. In addition, habitat complexity increased the food consumption rate of juvenile M. peelii, perhaps by relaxing innate predator avoidance behaviours that depress foraging in more open environments.
... JC SAUNDERS, JOY TEAGUE, DEBORAH SLONIM, and PA PRIDMOREe Monash University ... Extinction of... more ... JC SAUNDERS, JOY TEAGUE, DEBORAH SLONIM, and PA PRIDMOREe Monash University ... Extinction of the habit showed a return to chance behaviors and lengthenin8 of running time. The T-maze task appears to be a satisfactory method for studying learning in this species. ...
... Anim. Behav., 1971, 19, 552-555 SUCCESSIVE HABIT-REVERSAL LEARNING IN MONOTREME TACHYGLOSSUS ... more ... Anim. Behav., 1971, 19, 552-555 SUCCESSIVE HABIT-REVERSAL LEARNING IN MONOTREME TACHYGLOSSUS ACULEA TUS (ECHIDNA) BY JAMES C. SAUNDERS, CHIA-SHONG CHEN & PETER A. PRIDMORE* Department of Psychology, Monash University, Victoria ...
Juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii exhibited a type II functional response while preying o... more Juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii exhibited a type II functional response while preying on blackworms Lumbriculus variegatus, and the parameters of the type II model did not differ significantly between clear (0 NTU) and turbid (150 NTU) treatments. Further experiments showed that vision may not be necessary for prey detection and capture by juvenile M. peelii; consumption of inanimate prey was not significantly different between light and dark (<1 × 10(-4) µE m(-2) s(-1)) trials. These results imply that the sensory physiology of M. peelii is well adapted to a turbid visual environment. In addition, habitat complexity increased the food consumption rate of juvenile M. peelii, perhaps by relaxing innate predator avoidance behaviours that depress foraging in more open environments.
The locomotor characteristics of morphologically conservative New World marsupials (Didelphidae a... more The locomotor characteristics of morphologically conservative New World marsupials (Didelphidae and Microbiotheriidae) were investigated using cinematography and cineradiography. These investigations are reported as four separate research papers. The first paper reports studies on terrestrial progression in five species of didelphid opossum. Film records were analyze to determine the extent to which the duration of the locomotor cycle and the contact phase of that cycle vary with locomotor speed. The influence of speed on the phase-lag of the ipsilateral limbs was also investigated. In all animals the duration of the locomotor cycle and the contact phase of that cycle decreased exponentially with locomotor velocity. In general large animals showed greater durations than small animals. In all species there was evidence of a dual system of phase adjustment within the speed range in which symmetrical gaits are used. The second paper examines the influence of substrate diameter on the locomotor performance of five didelphid species. Horizontal dowels of five different diameters were used as substrates and the speed ranges and phase-lags used by the different species were determined. On the larger diameter dowels all five species employed a range of speeds and displayed locomotor competence. Narrower dowels were used with similar facility by the three relatively arboreal study species, but appeared to present a problem for the two more terrestrial species, whose movements became slow and unsteady on these substrates. All five species used diagonal sequence gaits during moderate to fast locomotion. During slower progression the patterns of phase adjustment varied between species. The locomotor movements of the sole living member of the family Microbiotheriidae, Dromiciops australis, are described in the third paper. Cinematographic records reveal both diagonal sequence symmetrical gaits and the asymmetrical half-bound in this species. The former suggest that Dromiciops may use narrow branch in its natural habitat. The fourth paper reports on the trunk movements during locomotion of Monodelphis domestica. Cinematographic records suggest significant lateral bending of the trunk vertebrae of this small didelphid during slow walking and cineradiography confirms it. With increasing speed lateral bending decreases and when the animal starts half-bounding, trunk movements become sagittal.Ph.D.Biological SciencesZoologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/128028/2/8712193.pd
Cineradiographic analysis of the limb movements of Ornithorhynchus reveals that the proximal limb... more Cineradiographic analysis of the limb movements of Ornithorhynchus reveals that the proximal limb bones undergo horizontal retraction, long‐axis rotation and distal elevation (humerus) or depression (femur) during the propulsive phase of walking. Cinematographic records show that the locomotor movements of Ornithorhynchus differ in several respects from those of Tachyglossus and Zaglossus which are essentially similar. Comparison of the propulsive phase limb movements of Ornithorhynchus with those previously established radiographically for Tachyglossus reveals that the humerus is on average less laterally but more dorsally directed, and that the femur is on average more dorsally and slightly more laterally directed in Ornithorhynchus. Comparison of the limb orientations of monotremes with those empirically determined in therian mammals and lepidosaurian reptiles indicates that monotremes are most similar to therians. Consideration of several evidently derived features of the appendicular skeleton of monotremes leads to the conclusion that the limb orientations used by early mammals were probably similar to those used by locomotively generalized living therians, and that monotremes show modifications of this.
... Author Information. 1 [[email protected]], Department of Geology, Australian National U... more ... Author Information. 1 [[email protected]], Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 2 [richard.barwick@anu. edu.au], Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 3 ...
The major components of the faecal micron ora of Feathertail Gliders (Acrobates pygmaeus) were de... more The major components of the faecal micron ora of Feathertail Gliders (Acrobates pygmaeus) were determined for free-living animals inhabiting eucalypt forest in the Dandenong Ranges region of Victoria and for animals obtained from the same area but kept on an artificial diet in laboratory facilities. Acrobates pygmaeus in the laboratory were fed an homogenate consisting of baby food supplemented with vitamins and honey. The wild A. pygmaeus had access to the normal dietary items available in late winter in this part of their natural range. Faecal samples obtained from both groups of animals were analysed using standard procedures to assess the numbers of total aerobes and anaerobes, yeasts, and aerobic and anaerobic streptococci. The A. pygmaeus fed artificially had a denser faecal microflora than the free-living A. pygmaeus. Each gram of faeces from the artificially fed animals contained about 108-109 colony forming units (cfu) of total anaerobes,108-109 cfu of aerobes and 105-106 c...
The locomotor characteristics of morphologically conservative New World marsupials (Didelphidae a... more The locomotor characteristics of morphologically conservative New World marsupials (Didelphidae and Microbiotheriidae) were investigated using cinematography and cineradiography. These investigations are reported as four separate research papers. The first paper reports studies on terrestrial progression in five species of didelphid opossum. Film records were analyze to determine the extent to which the duration of the locomotor cycle and the contact phase of that cycle vary with locomotor speed. The influence of speed on the phase-lag of the ipsilateral limbs was also investigated. In all animals the duration of the locomotor cycle and the contact phase of that cycle decreased exponentially with locomotor velocity. In general large animals showed greater durations than small animals. In all species there was evidence of a dual system of phase adjustment within the speed range in which symmetrical gaits are used. The second paper examines the influence of substrate diameter on the locomotor performance of five didelphid species. Horizontal dowels of five different diameters were used as substrates and the speed ranges and phase-lags used by the different species were determined. On the larger diameter dowels all five species employed a range of speeds and displayed locomotor competence. Narrower dowels were used with similar facility by the three relatively arboreal study species, but appeared to present a problem for the two more terrestrial species, whose movements became slow and unsteady on these substrates. All five species used diagonal sequence gaits during moderate to fast locomotion. During slower progression the patterns of phase adjustment varied between species. The locomotor movements of the sole living member of the family Microbiotheriidae, Dromiciops australis, are described in the third paper. Cinematographic records reveal both diagonal sequence symmetrical gaits and the asymmetrical half-bound in this species. The former suggest that Dromiciops may use narrow branch in its natural habitat. The fourth paper reports on the trunk movements during locomotion of Monodelphis domestica. Cinematographic records suggest significant lateral bending of the trunk vertebrae of this small didelphid during slow walking and cineradiography confirms it. With increasing speed lateral bending decreases and when the animal starts half-bounding, trunk movements become sagittal.Ph.D.Biological SciencesZoologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/128028/2/8712193.pd
... Author Information. 1 [[email protected]], Department of Geology, Australian National U... more ... Author Information. 1 [[email protected]], Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 2 [richard.barwick@anu. edu.au], Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 3 ...
... Orientations for Tachyglossus from Jenkins (1970a, fig. ... accounts which detail the limb mo... more ... Orientations for Tachyglossus from Jenkins (1970a, fig. ... accounts which detail the limb movements during locomotion of lepidosaurians (eg Sukhanov, 1973) and locomotively generalized therians (eg Jenkins & Camazine, 1977) indicate that the patterns of activity of the ...
Juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii exhibited a type II functional response while preying o... more Juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii exhibited a type II functional response while preying on blackworms Lumbriculus variegatus, and the parameters of the type II model did not differ significantly between clear (0 NTU) and turbid (150 NTU) treatments. Further experiments showed that vision may not be necessary for prey detection and capture by juvenile M. peelii; consumption of inanimate prey was not significantly different between light and dark (<1 × 10(-4) µE m(-2) s(-1)) trials. These results imply that the sensory physiology of M. peelii is well adapted to a turbid visual environment. In addition, habitat complexity increased the food consumption rate of juvenile M. peelii, perhaps by relaxing innate predator avoidance behaviours that depress foraging in more open environments.
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