Papers by stanisław śnieżewski
I move on to the subject matter of the first volume. In the first chapter, I presented issues rel... more I move on to the subject matter of the first volume. In the first chapter, I presented issues related to the definitione and contexts of philosophy. Seneca, a philosopher and rhetorician, considers philosophy to be the most important science in human life. When defining philosophy there are sublime epithets. The name of philosophy is venerable and sacred (XIV
Die stilometrische Analyse der Metamorphosen von Ovid, die in zwei Bänden dieser Monographie durc... more Die stilometrische Analyse der Metamorphosen von Ovid, die in zwei Bänden dieser Monographie durchgeführt worden ist, weist auf die hervorragende Vielfältigkeit angewandter Stilmittel hin. Eine eigenartige Alchemie des Wortes-um sich der Worte von Jan Parandowski zu bedienen-verleiht der Dichtung eine einmalige Pracht. Die Wiederholungen der Phrasen-und demnach der Gedanken-spielen im Epos die
Jakimi środkami dysponuje poeta antyczny, aby w pełni opisać swój świat wyobrażony? Jak konstruuj... more Jakimi środkami dysponuje poeta antyczny, aby w pełni opisać swój świat wyobrażony? Jak konstruuje język poetyckiego opisu i jakich środków do tego używa? Czy używając wyłącznie środków fonicznych można oddać lęk, przerażenie, upokorzenie albo radość, euforię czy podniecenie? Czy możemy emocje te odczytać wyłącznie z warstwy językowej dzieła i czy jest możliwy systematyczny ich opis? Monografia niniejsza zawiera próby odpowiedzi na te i inne pytania. Jej adresatami są nie tylko filolodzy klasyczni, lecz także szerokie grono literaturoznawców i językoznawców, którzy sięgną po nią przede wszystkim po to, by zapoznać się z kunsztem poetyckim Owidiusza.
Classica Cracoviensia, 2020
The Poetic Structure of Silius Italicus' Punica (Books I-V) As concerns their poetic structur... more The Poetic Structure of Silius Italicus' Punica (Books I-V) As concerns their poetic structure, the first five books of Silius’ Punica are very differentiated and complicated. However, all the events of the represented world concentrate around Hannibal and his improba virtus. Historical and mythological ekphrases are connected with Hannibal’s deeds. Aetiological stories seem to be invented by Silius himself. The panegyrical elements refer mainly to Domitian. Prolepses especially deserve to be noticed. Silius is influenced by learned Hellenistic poets, as well as Roman authors, mainly Ennius, Vergil, Lucan, Valerius Flaccus. In fact the author of the Punica can be described as poeta doctus.
Meander Miesiecznik Poświecony Kulturze Świata Starozytnego, 1988
Syliusz Italikus, Epopeja o wojnie punickiej, tom II: ks. X - XVII, przełożyli i przypisami opatrzyli Stanisław Śnieżewski, Marcel Nowakowski, Wojciech Kowalski, Towarzystwo Wydawnicze "Historia Iagellonica", Kraków 2022, ss. 184, ISBN 978-83-67497-00-8 (Silius Italicus, Punica, v. II: b. X -XVII)
Historien du cote de ceux qui chantent le louanges de Rome. Romulus fondateur d'une Rome invi... more Historien du cote de ceux qui chantent le louanges de Rome. Romulus fondateur d'une Rome invicible, grande et puissante. Louange de la virtus. On combat ceux qui comme les Carthaginois ne veulent pas la paix. La conquete a tout prix n'est pas le vœu de Rome
Classica Cracoviensia, 2019
Negative emotions are used to construct and develop the plot in the first five books of Silius It... more Negative emotions are used to construct and develop the plot in the first five books of Silius Italicus’ Punica. Dark, irrational forces, i.e. madness, cruelty and suffering, are hostile to the cosmic order and bring chaos to the epic world. The narrator employs pathos, hyperbole, irony, sarcasm and paradox. The scenes of bad emotions penetrate the longer ekphrases and the descriptions of the fall of Saguntum. The epic language abounds in passionate emotions and gives a foretaste of the later uncommonly atrocious events. Famous imperatores, such as Paulus, Fabius and Maximus suffer, but they will renew Rome and ensure its eventual victory.
Classica Cracoviensia, 2018
In book I M, N alliteration amounts to 24,8%; T, D – 16,5%; S – 10,5%, R – 6,7%. In book II the f... more In book I M, N alliteration amounts to 24,8%; T, D – 16,5%; S – 10,5%, R – 6,7%. In book II the first place belongs to M, N alliteration – 22,8%; then: T, D – 16,1%; S – 11,8%; M, N, T, D – 5,9%. In book III the predominant alliteration is M, N – 19,8%; then: T, D – 15,09%; S – 12,5%; M, N, T, D (TH) – 5,6%. Book IV is atypical, as the number of M, N and T, D alliterations is identical, i. e. 19,1%. S constitutes 11,7%, while M, N, T, D – 6,9%. In Book V the most frequent alliteration is M, N – 20,0%, next we have T, D – 19,3%; S – 9,2%; M, N, T, D – 8,2%. Alliteration in books I–V of Lucan`s Pharsalia is mainly used to describe the character and actions of Julius Caesar. The narrator insists on his great energy, his ability to cope with critical situations, his extreme luck and Fortune’s favour during the struggle with the elements. Civil war brings about enormous chaos in the universe. The personified Roma is responsible herself for all the calamities that befall her. Yet allit...
Classica Cracoviensia, 2014
Elocutio in Quintilian's Institutio Oratoria, Book Eight The rhetorical art is the skill of s... more Elocutio in Quintilian's Institutio Oratoria, Book Eight The rhetorical art is the skill of speaking well, it is useful, it is an art, and it has virtus. The Greek concept of fra;sivj is rendered by Roman authors as elocutio, i.e. style. Quintilian believes clarity of speech is the basic element of good style. Words should be apt, order – direct, conclusion – not too distant, and everything should have adequate proportions. Words should be selected depending on the context. The words used in a metaphorical sense gain appreciation only in a specific context. Ability to present facts clearly and vividly is a great asset. Even the natural and unsophisticated simplicity, which the Greeks call afeleia, contains some decorativeness, while punctilious scrupulosity in adhering to grammatical correctness gives the impression of sophistication and subtlety. The real power of the speaker lies in his ability to strengthen or weaken the power of words. The last, sixth chapter of book eight c...
Classica Cracoviensia, 2013
Rhetorical theory in the third book of Quintilian’s Institutio oratoria Quintilian focuses on pre... more Rhetorical theory in the third book of Quintilian’s Institutio oratoria Quintilian focuses on presenting the beginnings of rhetorical art, its components, how it is expressed and formed. Rhetoric is an art, though it serves a practical, useful function. Nature gave birth to speech, while observation created the art of speech. Every speech is built out of that which is signified (quae significantur) and that which signifies (quae significant), that is, out of res and verba. The ability to speak is perfected by nature, art and practice, though some authors add imitation as well, whereas Quintilian believes imitation to be a part of ars. The most important question discussed by Quintilian is status, i.e. the basis or foundation, the point of contention in a judiciary dispute. Some call it constitutio, others quaestio, still others quod ex quaestione appareat, while Theodorus of Gadara names it caput, that is kefalaion genikotaton. The Greeks use the term stasis and claim this name was ...
Classica Cracoviensia, 2015
Criteria of Evaluating Cicero in Quintilian's Institutio oratoria Quintilian tries to evaluat... more Criteria of Evaluating Cicero in Quintilian's Institutio oratoria Quintilian tries to evaluate Cicero on various levels. Examples from the Arpinate’s opera are interspersed almost in the whole textbook of the orator from Calagurris. He highly estimates Cicero’s achievements both in rhetorical practice and theory and appreciates his usage of metaphor, allegory, hyperbole, irony, riddle. The Arpinate is the greatest embodiment of various virtues that are praised in other speakers. As concerns incisum, membrum, circumitus, Quintilian constantly quotes Cicero. The most beautiful kind of speech is the one where analogy, allegory and metaphor are gracefully entwined. Quintilian remains under Cicero’s spell. It is obvious that Quintilian would not have written Institutio oratoria if he did not use the examples contained in Cicero’s works. Poetry raised to its height due to Homer and Vergil, while rhetoric – due to Demosthenes and Cicero.
Classica Cracoviensia, 2015
Rhetorice According to the Second Book of Quintillian's Intitutio oratoria In the second book... more Rhetorice According to the Second Book of Quintillian's Intitutio oratoria In the second book of Institutio oratoria Quintilian contemplates the definition and nature of rhetoric. The lecture on rhetoric can be divided into three parts: on art (ars), master (artifex), work (opus). The most common definition of rhetoric can be summed up as the power of persuasion (vis persuadendi). Every element of rhetoric changes with the content of the cases, the times, the circumstances, the needs. No law proposals, no resolutions passed by the people constituted the noble rules of rhetoric; they were formed by practice. If utility will advise us to do something different, we should follow such advice and not be constrained by the authority of the former masters. The important virtue (virtus) of the teacher is to take into consideration the different talents of every student and to discover their natural predispositions. In Quintilian’s definition the speaker and his art are not dependent on ...
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Papers by stanisław śnieżewski