Engineering and Technology Journal

Blockchain-based E-Government system using WebSocket protocol https://lnkd.in/dxgw6enB Abstract This paper explores the Integration of Blockchain technology and WebSocket protocol to implement E-government system. Blockchain is used to record the correspondence between users and the government while WebSocket is used for the communication among the distributed nodes of the blockchain network. This system leverages the inherent security and transparency of blockchain in addition to the real-time communication capabilities of WebSocket, which elevate the performance of the delivered services by the government. In this paper, the users can submit transactions and track it in a way that allows them to follow up on all actions taken on their transactions. Information and transaction of the framework are stored in MongoDB system to be retrieved when it is needed. Also, previous transactions can be verified using Merkle tree. The whole Through a comprehensive analysis and implementation, this paper highlights the potential benefits of the framework. The system has been tested considering various factors related to end-user perception, such as transaction request, latency, and throughput. Additionally, practical use cases are discussed to successful adoption of the proposed framework, The proposed system ensures the active participation of all the nodes in the system without making an individual decision in favor of a particular node or the interest of the citizen. Highlights: - Integratating Blockchain technology and WebSocket protocol for public service Delivery. - Blockchain's security and WebSocket's connectivity enable real-time, efficient communication with under 3s latency. - Providing Real-time connectivety and connectivety enhancement. Keywords: - E-government - Blockchain - WebSocket Protocol - MongoDB - Performance Journal: https://lnkd.in/dgnvtdte Issue: https://lnkd.in/gsuCnzCF Article: https://lnkd.in/dSztqysS ETJ LinkedIn: https://lnkd.in/d_8SPqAt #Engineering_and_Technology_Journal #UOT #engineering #technology #etj

Effect of the stochastic weibull parameters on the reliability of the dialysis machine https://lnkd.in/dNBdCitd Abstract Dialysis machines operate in an uncertain environment with several sources of disturbances; therefore, it is necessary to take account of the uncertainties during all their life phases. This paper presents a study of the random reliability of the dialysis machine in a stochastic environment through the two-parameter for Weibull distribution. The shape and scale parameters were estimated through analytical and graphical methods based on the failure history of the devices. The formulation of the analytical methods and their exploitation using numerical simulations was one of the objectives of this work. The uncertainties in the stochastic environment of the machines are related to variability in physical and geometric parameters, fluctuations in load conditions, stress boundary conditions, and also to physical laws and simplifying assumptions used in the modeling process. The Weibull parameters introduced these uncertainties, and their effect on the device's reliability was studied. The main contribution is the study of the effect of the uncertainties in Weibull parameters on the reliability of the dialysis machine. The question of the uncertainties in the Weibull parameters was treated. The involved parameters were considered a Gaussian variable, and their means and standard deviations were calculated in several configurations of the dialysis devices. The random failure rate and reliability were treated and discussed. The random systematic inspection period is studied to install an efficient preventive maintenance program. Highlights: - The Weibull parameters were calculated using several methods - The uncertainties of the shape and scale parameters were estimated - The random failure rate and reliability of the dialysis devices were studied - The systematic inspection period of the dialysis devices was estimated in a stochastic environment Keywords: - Dialysis - Gaussian - Reliability - Uncertainty - Weibull Journal: https://lnkd.in/dgnvtdte Issue: https://lnkd.in/gsuCnzCF Article: https://lnkd.in/dm2FdWMU ETJ LinkedIn: https://lnkd.in/d_8SPqAt #Engineering_and_Technology_Journal #UOT #engineering #technology #etj

Influence of oil palm mesocarp fiber on physical properties of fabricated plaster of paris ceilings https://lnkd.in/gg23qH-J Abstract This study was designed to investigate how some important physical properties of Plaster of Paris (POP) ceilings are affected by the utilization of untreated oil palm mesocarp fiber (UOPMF) and treated oil palm mesocarp fiber (TOPMF) as a modifier. Both fibers were utilized separately at various weight proportions (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) to fabricate the ceiling samples. The samples were dried completely and then tested for water absorption, porosity, bulk density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, heat flow time, and flakiness. All the samples could improve thermal insulation performance better than conventional ceilings like asbestos and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). However, the UOPMF enhanced a greater potential than the TOPMF over the control sample. Loading up to 30% of the fiber was optimum for a good blend, considering the resistance to wear offered by the samples. Highlights: - The effect of chemical modification of oil palm mesocarp fiber is considered. - The effect of the sample’s thickness on heat flow time is investigated. - The properties of the POP composites depend on the proportion of the fiber. Keywords: - Alkalization - Composite - Recycling - Thermal insulation - Waste Journal: https://lnkd.in/dgnvtdte Issue: https://lnkd.in/gsuCnzCF Article: https://lnkd.in/gBvwRNA2 ETJ LinkedIn: https://lnkd.in/d_8SPqAt #Engineering_and_Technology_Journal #UOT #engineering #technology #etj

Assessment of Properties of Composite Boards from Groundnut Shells and Sawdust for their suitability for Structural Applications https://lnkd.in/gxnSut-q Abstract Groundnut shells and sawdust are generated in vast quantities yearly but under-utilized. In developing countries, this situation leads to their disposal by unplanned landfilling, indiscriminate dumping, or open burning as ineffective solid waste management systems persist. Such practices constitute severe environmental problems that need to be urgently tackled. In this work, composite boards were fabricated from groundnut shell particles (GSP) and sawdust particles (SDP) at varying volumetric proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100 % using Topbond as a binding agent. The boards were dried completely and then assessed for water absorption, bulk density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal inertia, availability, and flexural strength. The results revealed improvement in the samples' thermal insulation performance as the SDP proportion increased from 0% to 100%. Though samples fabricated with 50 % each of the SDP and GSP exhibited a balance in the thermophysical and mechanical properties, all the samples could ensure better thermal insulation than conventional ceilings such as Isorel and plywood. Generally, the samples can be used as ceiling panels or partition elements in building design. This idea of utilizing groundnut shells and sawdust to develop composite panels for building purposes, as described herein, has been reported for the first time. It could help to ensure the construction of affordable and thermally safe buildings while solving the problems associated with their disposal. Highlights: - Sawdust and groundnut shells created sustainable composite boards. - Reusing waste reduces environmental impact. - Composite boards have superior thermal properties. - Boards are created inexpensively using waste to protect the environment. Keywords: - Bulk density - Composite ceilings - Flexural strength - Thermal insulation - Waste Journal: https://lnkd.in/dgnvtdte Issue: https://lnkd.in/gsuCnzCF Article: https://lnkd.in/gNs4gqWV ETJ LinkedIn: https://lnkd.in/d_8SPqAt #Engineering_and_Technology_Journal #UOT #engineering #technology #etj

Applications of artificial intelligence in nanotechnology https://lnkd.in/dQfngqkF Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a prominent technological advancement. It is the act of replicating human intelligence for many purposes. In contrast to conventional methodologies, artificial intelligence (AI) is undergoing tremendous advancements. The present state of artificial intelligence (AI) technology enables them to effectively address numerous intricate difficulties with proficiency comparable to a human's. The significance of advancements in AI is particularly evident in machine learning, where the techniques and algorithms are effectively applied to address many problems, including those in nanotechnology. In contemporary nanotechnology, it is crucial to expedite the search for the most favorable synthesis parameters while developing novel nanomaterials. The convergence of machine learning and nanotechnology necessitates a comprehensive examination of existing data on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing challenges in the nanomaterials science field. This review should encompass various stages, including computer design, chemical synthesis, and diagnostics of the resultant nanomaterials. Significant emphasis is placed on employing machine-learning technologies to investigate the thermal and dynamic characteristics of nanofluids, the sorption processes of nanocomposites, the catalytic activity of nanoparticles, and the toxicity of nanoparticles. Additionally, these technologies are utilized to address nanosensor issues and process experimental data acquired during the diagnostics of different nanomaterial properties. Highlights: - Simulating nanoscale systems is challenging due to the lack of real optical images. - AI can enhance simulation quality and simplify analysis. Machine-aided design is essential for synthetic molecular design at the nanoscale. - Renewable energy is vital for global sustainability and energy security. - AI shows promise in developing efficient materials for power conversion and supply. Keywords: - Nanomaterials - Machine Learning - Nanocomposites - Artificial Neural Networks - Molecular Design - Artificial intelligence Nanotechnology - AI Journal: https://lnkd.in/dgnvtdte Issue: https://lnkd.in/d5NNu8ix Article: https://lnkd.in/dCYVvxu6 ETJ LinkedIn: https://lnkd.in/d_8SPqAt #Engineering_and_Technology_Journal #UOT #engineering #technology #etj

Optimal operational conditions of PLA/PBAT mixed matrix membrane for the treatment of oily wastewater https://lnkd.in/djDm8hRC Abstract This study aims to optimize the operational variables influencing the incorporation of Hesperidin nanoparticles (HSP NPs) into poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) for manufacturing mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for oily wastewater treatment. An optimization method was employed to determine the optimal values for key process factors to achieve specific flux and rejection rates exceeding required levels. Statistical techniques such as response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to enhance performance on a larger scale. This research investigated the impact of operating parameters on the flux and oil rejection of PLA/PBAT/HSP membranes across all samples. The variables studied included HSP NPs content (0-0.05 wt.%), oil concentration (100-300 ppm), and transmembrane pressure (1.5-3.5 bar). A mathematical model for calculating flux and rejection (%) was developed. The findings indicated that the PLA/PBAT/HSP-based MMMs demonstrated optimal efficiency, achieving a flux of 121 LMH and oil rejection of 98.53%. The optimal conditions for the HSP MMMs were 0.03 wt.% HSP, an oil concentration of 158.28 ppm, and a pressure of 3.5 bar yielded the best response. The results show that the PLA/PBAT/HSP membranes exhibited enhanced flux and separation properties, making them suitable for treating oily wastewater in various applications. Highlights: - A novel method uses Hesperidin (HSP) with PLA/PBAT MMMs to remove oil by simulating oily wastewater. - RSM and ANOVA were applied to enhance the technique's large-scale effectiveness. - The impact of HSP NPs content, oil concentration, and pressure on MMMs performance was optimized. - PLA/PBAT/HSP-based MMMs had optimal efficiency with 121 LMH flux and 98.53% oil rejection. - Optimal conditions for HSP MMMs were 0.03 wt.% HSP, 158.28 ppm oil concentration, and 3.5 bar pressure. Keywords: - PLA/PBAT membrane - Response surface methodology - Oil/water separation - Hesperidin - Design-Expert® software Journal: https://lnkd.in/dgnvtdte Issue: https://lnkd.in/d5NNu8ix Article: https://lnkd.in/dAsrAp8Z ETJ LinkedIn: https://lnkd.in/d_8SPqAt #Engineering_and_Technology_Journal #UOT #engineering #technology #etj

Impact of surface-modified silica and magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the flow behaviour of East Baghdad crude oil and emulsion https://lnkd.in/dwiHdbGC Abstract The transportation of crude oil naturally, including emulsion from the wellhead to the processing facility, presents a challenge in the oil industry, particularly as wells age and the production of associated water increases. To improve the flowability of the emulsified oil, traditional methods for reducing the viscosity, such as dilution and heating, are costly and energy-intensive. However, nanotechnology offers a potential solution to improve flowability and crude oil behavior. This paper examines how adding 3% wt of surface-modified silicon dioxide (SiO2) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles impacts the flow properties of an emulsion containing East Baghdad crude oil. The investigation is conducted across different water cut levels (5%, 35%, 50%, and 75% v/v) within a horizontal pipe 0.0145 m inner diameter and 13m in length. The effect of these nanoparticles on emulsion stability, rheology, viscosity, pressure drop, and energy consumption was studied. The rheology study found that the best results were achieved by adding surface-modified nano silica at 3%, which significantly reduced viscosity with shear thinning behavior. Adding 3% nano-silica obtained a highly stable emulsion and a higher reduction of 69% in power consumption for pumping the fluid. In comparison, a 25% increase in power consumption was achieved by adding the same concentration of MgO. Highlights: - As oil wells age, water content rises, creating stable emulsions at 50% water cut. - 3% modified Nanosilica enhances flow and reduces viscosity. - 3% MgO addition significantly alters fluid behavior at high water cuts. - Power consumption decreases with SiO2-added emulsions. Keywords: - Emulsion - Rheology - Pressure drop - Low API crude oil - Nanoparticles Journal: https://lnkd.in/dgnvtdte Issue: https://lnkd.in/d5NNu8ix Article: https://lnkd.in/dzepPc2z ETJ LinkedIn: https://lnkd.in/d_8SPqAt #Engineering_and_Technology_Journal #UOT #engineering #technology #etj

An empirical investigation and computational modeling of volatile organic compound (VOCs) elimination from aqueous solutions by means of Pervaporation https://lnkd.in/dTdqGCK8 Abstract The present study harnessed a commercially available polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSTM4060) membrane designed for the selective separation of soluble benzene (C6H6) and toluene (C7H8) compounds from an aqueous solution employing pervaporation (PV). Two distinct mathematical models, namely the universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) model and the conventional driving force model, were formulated to replicate the intricate transport mechanisms of both organic solvent and water across these membranes. These models were instrumental in projecting the membrane's performance across diverse operational scenarios. The anticipated results were rigorously compared with experimental data to validate the projected outcomes for non-ideal volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-water systems within the membrane. Correlations pertaining to diffusivity were derived from the model and experimental pervaporation data. Utilizing the UNIQUAC theory and derived diffusivity correlations enabled the estimation of VOCs and water permeation through the commercial membrane. Notably, for the PDMSTM4060 membrane, the established diffusivity correlations for VOCs and water were contingent upon temperature variations and the activity of VOCs. The anticipated permeation flux of VOCs and water through the membranes was prognosticated using the mass transport model in conjunction with the established diffusivity correlations. The resultant findings showcased a robust concurrence between the predictive model and the empirical data, affirming the reliability of the proposed approach. Highlights: - This study separated benzene and toluene using a PDMSTM4060 membrane. - The UNIQUAC and conventional driving force models adequately predicted VOC and water permeation. - VOC temperature and activity were important elements in the diffusivity correlations. Keywords: - Pervaporation - PDMS - Benzene - Toluene - UNIQUAC model Journal: https://lnkd.in/dgnvtdte Issue: https://lnkd.in/djzgFkwk Article: https://lnkd.in/d8rbKUe6 ETJ LinkedIn: https://lnkd.in/d_8SPqAt #Engineering_and_Technology_Journal #UOT #engineering #technology #etj

Carbon Fiber Cloth Performance Improvement via Hybrid Materials (Fe2O3, FeCo2O4, and Conducting Polymer) Addition for Energy Storage Applications https://lnkd.in/dXBXj_Ke Abstract Carbon fiber cloths (CFCs) are essential materials extensively studied and utilized in numerous applications, including supercapacitors (SCs), batteries, solar cells, and catalysis. CFC is gaining significant research attention as an inexpensive choice for (SC) electrode materials, mainly owing to its peculiar adaptability, which makes it suitable for conveyable or flexible devices. In fact, this characteristic is not easily attainable with other carbon-based matrices. However, bare CFC electrodes face difficulties concerning their capacitive performance because of numerous factors, including markedly little surface space, poor electrochemical efficacy, and limited porousness. In this way, these factors reduce their efficiency as supercapacitor electrodes. To address this, the incorporation of transition metal oxides (TMOs) and conducting polymers (CPs) within the CFC is expected to be crucial in developing the electrochemical performance. This work thoroughly reviews the design and the modification of (CFC) that provide high-performance electrode supercapacitors. It emphasizes implementing effective approaches, such as active material loading, specifically focusing on iron oxides. The SCs have high working potentials and can effectively increase their energy density by iron oxides. According to the researchers’ findings, combining CFC and FeCo2O4 has a high electrochemical performance and potential range in aqueous electrolytes. Additionally, this paper outlines and highlights the recent advancements in developing iron oxides-CFC and iron oxides/CP-CFC for supercapacitor applications. It explores their design approaches and electrochemical properties, offering insights into future opportunities for energy storage technologies. Highlights: - Carbon fiber cloth, iron oxides & conducting polymers are effective, abundant materials for supercapacitor electrodes. - This review focused on how iron oxides and conductive polymers affect carbon fiber cloth supercapacitor electrodes. - Previous research found FeCo2O4 and conductive polymers improved carbon fiber cloth supercapacitor electrodes. - The outlook offers insights into improving supercapacitor energy storage using modified carbon fiber cloth electrodes. Keywords: - Carbon fiber cloth - Iron oxides - Electrochemical performance - Energy storage - Conducting polymer Journal: https://lnkd.in/dgnvtdte Issue: https://lnkd.in/djzgFkwk Article: https://lnkd.in/dmh9pPNV ETJ LinkedIn: https://lnkd.in/d_8SPqAt #Engineering_and_Technology_Journal #UOT #engineering #technology #etj

Investigating The Effect of Various Parameters on The Yield of Graphene Obtained Through Graphite Exfoliation Using CO2 Supercritical Fluid https://lnkd.in/dpNMWFVr Abstract Due to its high penetration force and low viscosity, the Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) can spread between the graphite layers, overcome van der Waals forces, and transform graphite into multilayer graphene. The results of the test plan with the Design Expert software and also the use of these results in the laboratory showed that the parameters of temperature, pressure, initial amount of graphite, addition of surfactant and solvent auxiliary, the duration of sample placement in the device, the duration of carbon dioxide gas release from the device, and the time and power of ultrasonic and centrifuge operations can accelerate the exfoliation process. The resulting graphene was characterized by TEM, RAMAN, XRD, and AFM techniques. Based on the obtained results, it was found that mono/bilayer graphene was obtained by applying optimum conditions. The results confirmed the formation of mono/bilayer graphene based on the G-Band of 1583 cm-1 in the Raman test, a wavelength of 26.44° in the XRD test, and a thickness of 1.5 nm in the AFM test. With a simple, low-cost approach, this method, without using toxic and expensive chemicals with high profitability, can replace other complex graphene production methods, such as chemical vapor leakage and plasma etching, and be chemically reduced. Highlights: - Conventional methods of graphene production are time-consuming and expensive. - The parameters affecting the extraction of graphene from graphite were investigated using Supercritical CO2. - Additives used in the synthesis process have the role of deactivating the surface. - The test design was done with "Design Expert" software and then tested in the laboratory. - The software results were in high agreement with the laboratory results, and mono/bilayer graphene was obtained. Keywords: -Graphite - scCO2 - Exfoliation - Characterization - Design Expert Journal: https://lnkd.in/dgnvtdte Issue: https://lnkd.in/djzgFkwk Article: https://lnkd.in/dp8gYVPP ETJ LinkedIn: https://lnkd.in/d_8SPqAt #Engineering_and_Technology_Journal #UOT #engineering #technology #etj