For 40 years from age 16 I worked in the sea transport industry became a ships captain then a port manager .in 1988 I took up an academic career and passed BA BA hons and PhD
The first mariners to circumnavigate the globe were Magellan / ElCano and Drake many followed but... more The first mariners to circumnavigate the globe were Magellan / ElCano and Drake many followed but by then the route was known and navigation methods had improved .
The end of a seatransport service around the Australian Coast caused by road and rail competition... more The end of a seatransport service around the Australian Coast caused by road and rail competition even though sea tyransport had embraced containerisation
SYNOPSIS
The Search for the Northwest Passage
.
The search for shorter sea pass... more SYNOPSIS The Search for the Northwest Passage . The search for shorter sea passage than around the Capes Good Hope and Horn and much later the Canals Suez and Panama . However this was attempted at each end of the time frame was the " Little Ice Age". This was a climate period first identified by Francois Metthes in 1939. In his estimation it lasted from the 16th Century to the 19th Century. Drake looked in 1579 and Franklin in 1845. Amundsen was successful in 1903-6 most of the time frame the Arctic Ice rim was much further south than previously and later experienced . Drake's ship was ". Pelican " renamed "Golden Hinde " . Franklin' s ships "Erebus " and " Terror " . "Golden Hind" was of 300 tons displacement . "Erebus" and "Terror" each 715 tons displacement . After the latter two ship's Antarctic expedition completed in 1842 the ships returned to England . There they were further strengthened with steel plating on the hulls. Also with steam propulsion engines to assist passage though the ice independent of their main propulsion sails. Much has been written about the Franklin expedition and its failure . Forensic Scientists have exhumed some of Franklin's crew . They have concluded that they died from lead poisoning caused by eating badly prepared canned food . Amundsen was successful but took three years to complete the passage.
Drake and Frobisher were secretly commissioned by Queen Elizabeth I to find the western and eastern entrance to the Strait of Anian later named the Northwest passage . Frobisher in 1576 claimed he had found the eastern entrance at latitude 50 north and about longitude 50 west. He was actually 600 miles south and east of the entrance . Drake based his exploration on a similar latitude but well to the westward . After looking as far north as Drake could get ,48 north , he decided that there was no possibility of finding the western entrance . He now had to get back to England . He chose to go west about . Drake's original journals have never been found . It is thought they were destroyed in a house fire where they had been lodged for safe keeping . All commentary is based on second hand records . The journals of Drake's Chaplain the Rev. Francis Fletcher , a Gentleman at Arms to Drake Francis Pretty , interrogations by the Spaniards of Drake's younger brother Thomas Drake and others . The essay discusses the explorations of Frobisher Drake Franklin and Amundsen.
Tony Fletcher Master Mariner UK 1957 BA Murdoch University 1990 BA hons Curtin University 1992 Phd Curtin University 1999
The first mariners to circumnavigate the globe were Magellan / ElCano and Drake many followed but... more The first mariners to circumnavigate the globe were Magellan / ElCano and Drake many followed but by then the route was known and navigation methods had improved .
The end of a seatransport service around the Australian Coast caused by road and rail competition... more The end of a seatransport service around the Australian Coast caused by road and rail competition even though sea tyransport had embraced containerisation
SYNOPSIS
The Search for the Northwest Passage
.
The search for shorter sea pass... more SYNOPSIS The Search for the Northwest Passage . The search for shorter sea passage than around the Capes Good Hope and Horn and much later the Canals Suez and Panama . However this was attempted at each end of the time frame was the " Little Ice Age". This was a climate period first identified by Francois Metthes in 1939. In his estimation it lasted from the 16th Century to the 19th Century. Drake looked in 1579 and Franklin in 1845. Amundsen was successful in 1903-6 most of the time frame the Arctic Ice rim was much further south than previously and later experienced . Drake's ship was ". Pelican " renamed "Golden Hinde " . Franklin' s ships "Erebus " and " Terror " . "Golden Hind" was of 300 tons displacement . "Erebus" and "Terror" each 715 tons displacement . After the latter two ship's Antarctic expedition completed in 1842 the ships returned to England . There they were further strengthened with steel plating on the hulls. Also with steam propulsion engines to assist passage though the ice independent of their main propulsion sails. Much has been written about the Franklin expedition and its failure . Forensic Scientists have exhumed some of Franklin's crew . They have concluded that they died from lead poisoning caused by eating badly prepared canned food . Amundsen was successful but took three years to complete the passage.
Drake and Frobisher were secretly commissioned by Queen Elizabeth I to find the western and eastern entrance to the Strait of Anian later named the Northwest passage . Frobisher in 1576 claimed he had found the eastern entrance at latitude 50 north and about longitude 50 west. He was actually 600 miles south and east of the entrance . Drake based his exploration on a similar latitude but well to the westward . After looking as far north as Drake could get ,48 north , he decided that there was no possibility of finding the western entrance . He now had to get back to England . He chose to go west about . Drake's original journals have never been found . It is thought they were destroyed in a house fire where they had been lodged for safe keeping . All commentary is based on second hand records . The journals of Drake's Chaplain the Rev. Francis Fletcher , a Gentleman at Arms to Drake Francis Pretty , interrogations by the Spaniards of Drake's younger brother Thomas Drake and others . The essay discusses the explorations of Frobisher Drake Franklin and Amundsen.
Tony Fletcher Master Mariner UK 1957 BA Murdoch University 1990 BA hons Curtin University 1992 Phd Curtin University 1999
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The Search for the Northwest Passage
.
The search for shorter sea passage than around the Capes Good Hope and Horn and much later the Canals Suez and Panama . However this was attempted at each end of the time frame was the " Little Ice Age". This was a climate period first identified by Francois Metthes in 1939. In his estimation it lasted from the 16th Century to the 19th Century. Drake looked in 1579 and Franklin in 1845. Amundsen was successful in 1903-6 most of the time frame the Arctic Ice rim was much further south than previously and later experienced .
Drake's ship was ". Pelican " renamed "Golden Hinde " . Franklin' s ships "Erebus " and " Terror " . "Golden Hind" was of 300 tons displacement . "Erebus" and "Terror" each 715 tons displacement .
After the latter two ship's Antarctic expedition completed in 1842 the ships returned to England . There they were further strengthened with steel plating on the hulls. Also with steam propulsion engines to assist passage though the ice independent of their main propulsion sails. Much has been written about the Franklin expedition and its failure . Forensic Scientists have exhumed some of Franklin's crew . They have concluded that they died from lead poisoning caused by eating badly prepared canned food . Amundsen was successful but took three years to complete the passage.
Drake and Frobisher were secretly commissioned by Queen Elizabeth I to find the western and eastern entrance to the Strait of Anian later named the Northwest passage . Frobisher in 1576 claimed he had found the eastern entrance at latitude 50 north and about longitude 50 west. He was actually 600 miles south and east of the entrance . Drake based his exploration on a similar latitude but well to the westward .
After looking as far north as Drake could get ,48 north , he decided that there was no possibility of finding the western entrance . He now had to get back to England . He chose to go west about .
Drake's original journals have never been found . It is thought they were destroyed in a house fire where they had been lodged for safe keeping . All commentary is based on second hand records . The journals of Drake's Chaplain the Rev. Francis Fletcher , a Gentleman at Arms to Drake Francis Pretty , interrogations by the Spaniards of Drake's younger brother Thomas Drake and others .
The essay discusses the explorations of Frobisher Drake Franklin and Amundsen.
Tony Fletcher Master Mariner UK 1957 BA Murdoch University 1990 BA hons Curtin University 1992 Phd Curtin University 1999
The Search for the Northwest Passage
.
The search for shorter sea passage than around the Capes Good Hope and Horn and much later the Canals Suez and Panama . However this was attempted at each end of the time frame was the " Little Ice Age". This was a climate period first identified by Francois Metthes in 1939. In his estimation it lasted from the 16th Century to the 19th Century. Drake looked in 1579 and Franklin in 1845. Amundsen was successful in 1903-6 most of the time frame the Arctic Ice rim was much further south than previously and later experienced .
Drake's ship was ". Pelican " renamed "Golden Hinde " . Franklin' s ships "Erebus " and " Terror " . "Golden Hind" was of 300 tons displacement . "Erebus" and "Terror" each 715 tons displacement .
After the latter two ship's Antarctic expedition completed in 1842 the ships returned to England . There they were further strengthened with steel plating on the hulls. Also with steam propulsion engines to assist passage though the ice independent of their main propulsion sails. Much has been written about the Franklin expedition and its failure . Forensic Scientists have exhumed some of Franklin's crew . They have concluded that they died from lead poisoning caused by eating badly prepared canned food . Amundsen was successful but took three years to complete the passage.
Drake and Frobisher were secretly commissioned by Queen Elizabeth I to find the western and eastern entrance to the Strait of Anian later named the Northwest passage . Frobisher in 1576 claimed he had found the eastern entrance at latitude 50 north and about longitude 50 west. He was actually 600 miles south and east of the entrance . Drake based his exploration on a similar latitude but well to the westward .
After looking as far north as Drake could get ,48 north , he decided that there was no possibility of finding the western entrance . He now had to get back to England . He chose to go west about .
Drake's original journals have never been found . It is thought they were destroyed in a house fire where they had been lodged for safe keeping . All commentary is based on second hand records . The journals of Drake's Chaplain the Rev. Francis Fletcher , a Gentleman at Arms to Drake Francis Pretty , interrogations by the Spaniards of Drake's younger brother Thomas Drake and others .
The essay discusses the explorations of Frobisher Drake Franklin and Amundsen.
Tony Fletcher Master Mariner UK 1957 BA Murdoch University 1990 BA hons Curtin University 1992 Phd Curtin University 1999