Abnormal fertilization is defined by more or less than 2 pronuclei (2PN) in human zygote, especia... more Abnormal fertilization is defined by more or less than 2 pronuclei (2PN) in human zygote, especially presence of 3 pronuclei. In this study, the incidence of abnormal fertilization was about 5% and related with maternal age and insemination method. The pronuclear number usually assumed corresponding to the ploidy number of zygotes. This study intended to examine the validity of the assumption. All preimplantation diagnosis cases with Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) during 1/1/2004 to 7/31/2009 were included. A total of 497 ICSI cases with 3735 2PN embryos and 189 embryos with either more or less than 2PN were included. The ploidy of embryos was reflected from biopsied blastomeres with probes for chromosomes 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, X, and Y. For embryos from 2PN zygotes, 67.3% were diploidy. For non-2PN group, 40% were diploidy. Except for the 2PN group, the chance of the number of pronucleus matching with the number of ploidies was less than 50%. The results show that the n...
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Sep 26, 2016
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive aged women... more Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive aged women, is associated with systemic low-grade inflammation. We propose that increased or altered intra-follicular inflammatory reactions also occur in peri-ovulatory follicles of PCOS patients. Gene profiling and qPCR analyses in granulosa-lutein cells (GCs) collected from PCOS and non-PCOS women undergoing IVF were compared with serum and follicular fluid (FF) levels of cytokines and chemokines. University-based. 21 PCOS and 45 control patients were recruited: demographic, hormone, BMI and pregnancy outcomes were abstracted from patient data files. GC cytokine/chemokine mRNAs were identified and analyzed by gene-chip microarrays/qPCR prior to and following culture with hCG, DHT, IL-6, or IL-8; serum/FF cytokine levels were also analyzed. Relative serum/FF cytokine levels and GC cytokine expression before and after culture were compared and related to BMI. PCOS GCs express elevated transcripts...
Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, Jan 26, 2016
We previously observed that nonylphenol (NP) exposure during development resulted in increases in... more We previously observed that nonylphenol (NP) exposure during development resulted in increases in body weight and hyperadrenalism in adult male offspring. The mechanism of hyperadrenalism includes the primary activation of the adrenal gland and the conversion of inactive glucocorticoids to active glucocorticoids by 11β-HSD1. The inhibition of 11β-HSD1 is investigated as a new therapeutic approach. This study examined the effect of PF915275 (a selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor) on hyperadrenalism and adipogenesis in male rats exposed to NP during development. The results showed that treatment with the 11β-HSD1 inhibitor PF915275 reversed/alleviated NP-induced hyperadrenalism via the following mechanisms: (1) decreasing serum corticosterone, 11β-hydroxylase, and aldosterone synthase levels; (2) significantly increasing PPARα protein and mRNA expression. In adipose tissue, NP significantly increased PPARγ mRNA expression, whereas PF915275 significantly decreased the level of mRNA expression...
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2010
Alkylphenol ethoxylate, consisting of ∼80% nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO), is a major group of non... more Alkylphenol ethoxylate, consisting of ∼80% nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO), is a major group of nonionic surfactant. The primary degradation product of NPEO, nonylphenol (NP), interferes with reproduction, induces cell death in gonads, and leads to changes in other reproductive parameters. With such apparent stress, NP is believed to induce stress response mechanism, i.e., adrenal cortical hormone. However, the effects and action mechanisms of NP on rat adrenal zona fasciculata-reticularis (ZFR) cells are still unclear. This study explored the effects of NP on corticosterone release. ZFR cells were incubated with NP in the presence or absence of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), 8-bromo-cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), forskolin (FSK), 25-hydroxyl cholesterol (25-OH-cholesterol), pregnenolone, progesterone, or deoxycorticosterone at 37°C for 1 h. The concentrations of corticosterone or pregnenolone in the spent media were measured by radioimmunoassay. The expression...
Petasites hybridus is used in Chinese herbal medicine. S-petasin is a bioactive compound isolated... more Petasites hybridus is used in Chinese herbal medicine. S-petasin is a bioactive compound isolated from leaves or roots of Petasites hybridus. S-petasin has been used to relieve gastrointestinal pain, lung disease, and spasms of the urogenital tract. However, the side effect of S-petasin on endocrine systems are still not clear. This study explored the effects of S-petasin on the release of corticosterone in vivo and in vitro. An intravenous injection of S-petasin (10 microg/kg) decreased both basal and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-induced plasma corticosterone concentration in male rats. In vitro, S-petasin (3 x 10(-6) - 10(-4) M) caused a significant reduction of basal and ACTH-stimulated release of corticosterone from the enzymatically dispersed rat zona fasciculata-reticularis (ZFR) cells in a dose-dependent manner. In order to study possible mechanisms, ZFR cells were incubated with S-petasin (10(-5) M) in the presence or absence of forskolin (adenylate cyclase activator, 10(-6) -...
Nonylphenol (NP) is an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical that has been detected in huma... more Nonylphenol (NP) is an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical that has been detected in human cord blood and milk. Developmental exposure to NP is unavoidable and can lead to hyperadrenalism, a syndrome that resembles Cushing's disease and has a life-long impact on the affected individual. In this study, we investigated the recovery of female rats from developmental exposure to NP and the effects of such exposure on future generations. Female rats were time-mated, and rats in the experimental group (NP group) were administered NP in drinking water (2μg/mL) throughout gestation and lactation. Pregnant females in the control group were given water only (Veh group). The resulting litters were recognized as the first-generation F1 offspring. The F1 females were time-mated with non-sibling F1 males within the same treatment group. NP was not administered after the F0 generation. The treatment procedures for F3 offspring were identical to those for the F2 generation. The experime...
The role of prolactin (PRL) in the male is not fully defined. The aim of this study was to invest... more The role of prolactin (PRL) in the male is not fully defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of PRL on the production of corticosterone by zona fasciculata-reticularis (ZFR) cells in vitro. The ZFR cells were obtained from male rats under normal, hyperprolactinemic, or hypoprolactinemic situation. PRL stimulated the corticosterone release in a dose-dependent pattern in the ZFR cells from normal male rats. The cellular adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration positively correlated with PRL concentration in the presence of forskolin or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). PRL enhanced the stimulatory effects of cAMP mimetic reagents, i.e., forskolin, 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), and IBMX on the release of corticosterone. The adenylate cyclase inhibitor (SQ22536) inhibited the corticosterone release in spite of presence of PRL. Nifedipine (L-type calcium channel blocker) did not inhibit corticosterone release. The hyperprolactinemic condition was actualized by transplantation of donor rat anterior pituitary glands (APs) under kidney capsule. By comparison with the cerebral cortex (CX)-grafted group, AP-graft resulted in an increased release of corticosterone, 3beta-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase (HSD) activity and cAMP production by ZFR cells. Acute hypoprolactinemic status was induced by bromocriptine for 2 days. The results showed the productions of corticosterone were lower in hypoprolactinemic group than in control group, which were persistent along with different ACTH concentrations. These results suggest that PRL increase the release of corticosterone by ZFR cells via cAMP cascades and 3beta-HSD activity.
Abnormal fertilization is defined by more or less than 2 pronuclei (2PN) in human zygote, especia... more Abnormal fertilization is defined by more or less than 2 pronuclei (2PN) in human zygote, especially presence of 3 pronuclei. In this study, the incidence of abnormal fertilization was about 5% and related with maternal age and insemination method. The pronuclear number usually assumed corresponding to the ploidy number of zygotes. This study intended to examine the validity of the assumption. All preimplantation diagnosis cases with Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) during 1/1/2004 to 7/31/2009 were included. A total of 497 ICSI cases with 3735 2PN embryos and 189 embryos with either more or less than 2PN were included. The ploidy of embryos was reflected from biopsied blastomeres with probes for chromosomes 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, X, and Y. For embryos from 2PN zygotes, 67.3% were diploidy. For non-2PN group, 40% were diploidy. Except for the 2PN group, the chance of the number of pronucleus matching with the number of ploidies was less than 50%. The results show that the n...
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Sep 26, 2016
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive aged women... more Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive aged women, is associated with systemic low-grade inflammation. We propose that increased or altered intra-follicular inflammatory reactions also occur in peri-ovulatory follicles of PCOS patients. Gene profiling and qPCR analyses in granulosa-lutein cells (GCs) collected from PCOS and non-PCOS women undergoing IVF were compared with serum and follicular fluid (FF) levels of cytokines and chemokines. University-based. 21 PCOS and 45 control patients were recruited: demographic, hormone, BMI and pregnancy outcomes were abstracted from patient data files. GC cytokine/chemokine mRNAs were identified and analyzed by gene-chip microarrays/qPCR prior to and following culture with hCG, DHT, IL-6, or IL-8; serum/FF cytokine levels were also analyzed. Relative serum/FF cytokine levels and GC cytokine expression before and after culture were compared and related to BMI. PCOS GCs express elevated transcripts...
Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, Jan 26, 2016
We previously observed that nonylphenol (NP) exposure during development resulted in increases in... more We previously observed that nonylphenol (NP) exposure during development resulted in increases in body weight and hyperadrenalism in adult male offspring. The mechanism of hyperadrenalism includes the primary activation of the adrenal gland and the conversion of inactive glucocorticoids to active glucocorticoids by 11β-HSD1. The inhibition of 11β-HSD1 is investigated as a new therapeutic approach. This study examined the effect of PF915275 (a selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor) on hyperadrenalism and adipogenesis in male rats exposed to NP during development. The results showed that treatment with the 11β-HSD1 inhibitor PF915275 reversed/alleviated NP-induced hyperadrenalism via the following mechanisms: (1) decreasing serum corticosterone, 11β-hydroxylase, and aldosterone synthase levels; (2) significantly increasing PPARα protein and mRNA expression. In adipose tissue, NP significantly increased PPARγ mRNA expression, whereas PF915275 significantly decreased the level of mRNA expression...
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2010
Alkylphenol ethoxylate, consisting of ∼80% nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO), is a major group of non... more Alkylphenol ethoxylate, consisting of ∼80% nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO), is a major group of nonionic surfactant. The primary degradation product of NPEO, nonylphenol (NP), interferes with reproduction, induces cell death in gonads, and leads to changes in other reproductive parameters. With such apparent stress, NP is believed to induce stress response mechanism, i.e., adrenal cortical hormone. However, the effects and action mechanisms of NP on rat adrenal zona fasciculata-reticularis (ZFR) cells are still unclear. This study explored the effects of NP on corticosterone release. ZFR cells were incubated with NP in the presence or absence of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), 8-bromo-cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), forskolin (FSK), 25-hydroxyl cholesterol (25-OH-cholesterol), pregnenolone, progesterone, or deoxycorticosterone at 37°C for 1 h. The concentrations of corticosterone or pregnenolone in the spent media were measured by radioimmunoassay. The expression...
Petasites hybridus is used in Chinese herbal medicine. S-petasin is a bioactive compound isolated... more Petasites hybridus is used in Chinese herbal medicine. S-petasin is a bioactive compound isolated from leaves or roots of Petasites hybridus. S-petasin has been used to relieve gastrointestinal pain, lung disease, and spasms of the urogenital tract. However, the side effect of S-petasin on endocrine systems are still not clear. This study explored the effects of S-petasin on the release of corticosterone in vivo and in vitro. An intravenous injection of S-petasin (10 microg/kg) decreased both basal and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-induced plasma corticosterone concentration in male rats. In vitro, S-petasin (3 x 10(-6) - 10(-4) M) caused a significant reduction of basal and ACTH-stimulated release of corticosterone from the enzymatically dispersed rat zona fasciculata-reticularis (ZFR) cells in a dose-dependent manner. In order to study possible mechanisms, ZFR cells were incubated with S-petasin (10(-5) M) in the presence or absence of forskolin (adenylate cyclase activator, 10(-6) -...
Nonylphenol (NP) is an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical that has been detected in huma... more Nonylphenol (NP) is an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical that has been detected in human cord blood and milk. Developmental exposure to NP is unavoidable and can lead to hyperadrenalism, a syndrome that resembles Cushing's disease and has a life-long impact on the affected individual. In this study, we investigated the recovery of female rats from developmental exposure to NP and the effects of such exposure on future generations. Female rats were time-mated, and rats in the experimental group (NP group) were administered NP in drinking water (2μg/mL) throughout gestation and lactation. Pregnant females in the control group were given water only (Veh group). The resulting litters were recognized as the first-generation F1 offspring. The F1 females were time-mated with non-sibling F1 males within the same treatment group. NP was not administered after the F0 generation. The treatment procedures for F3 offspring were identical to those for the F2 generation. The experime...
The role of prolactin (PRL) in the male is not fully defined. The aim of this study was to invest... more The role of prolactin (PRL) in the male is not fully defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of PRL on the production of corticosterone by zona fasciculata-reticularis (ZFR) cells in vitro. The ZFR cells were obtained from male rats under normal, hyperprolactinemic, or hypoprolactinemic situation. PRL stimulated the corticosterone release in a dose-dependent pattern in the ZFR cells from normal male rats. The cellular adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration positively correlated with PRL concentration in the presence of forskolin or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). PRL enhanced the stimulatory effects of cAMP mimetic reagents, i.e., forskolin, 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), and IBMX on the release of corticosterone. The adenylate cyclase inhibitor (SQ22536) inhibited the corticosterone release in spite of presence of PRL. Nifedipine (L-type calcium channel blocker) did not inhibit corticosterone release. The hyperprolactinemic condition was actualized by transplantation of donor rat anterior pituitary glands (APs) under kidney capsule. By comparison with the cerebral cortex (CX)-grafted group, AP-graft resulted in an increased release of corticosterone, 3beta-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase (HSD) activity and cAMP production by ZFR cells. Acute hypoprolactinemic status was induced by bromocriptine for 2 days. The results showed the productions of corticosterone were lower in hypoprolactinemic group than in control group, which were persistent along with different ACTH concentrations. These results suggest that PRL increase the release of corticosterone by ZFR cells via cAMP cascades and 3beta-HSD activity.
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