Papers by Santanu Patnaik
The Asian Review of Civil Engineering
Flood is considered as the most widespread and disastrous natural calamity in the world which adv... more Flood is considered as the most widespread and disastrous natural calamity in the world which adversely affects the socio-economic condition and lives of the people living within the floodplain areas of the world. The Jiadhal River basin of Dhemaji district, Assam experiences a high magnitude of flood almost every year, leaving the people of that area in jeopardy. In this regard, flood frequency analysis is considered an important step for proper planning and managing the region in terms of floods. Flood frequency analysis (FFA) is one of the utmost important and necessary measures taken to develop any floodplain region. In this present study, a FFA of the Jiadhal River Basin is carried out using the Log Pearson Type III (LP3) probability distribution method which is used to predict future flood events based on historical records. The data used in the study was for a period of 46 years. The method was used to predict the flood discharge estimations at 2, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years rec...
Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes
Anthropogeomorphology, 2022
India is not only known as a subcontinent due to geophysical assemblage of diverse geographical f... more India is not only known as a subcontinent due to geophysical assemblage of diverse geographical features but also due collage and mosaic of diverse culture intertwined with a fabric of homophily and influence. F J Richards’ cultural regions of (pre independent) India are based on administrative, linguistic, religious and social criteria including migration that explains the diversity of culture in India. Arunachal Pradesh belongs to Himalayan Border of Frontier Cultural Zone of India, where ‘Intercourse between India and Tibet is difficult, Tibet owes much to India but has given little in return”. This has continued since historic time till date and the cultural interaction and economic dependency has increased over time leading to higher degree of cultural assimilation and transformation in Arunachal Pradesh. Itanagar the capital of Arunachal Pradesh has a high mix of cultural groups who have come from various parts of India. A sample study of 158 households shows that there are pe...
A Glimpse of Geospatial Technologies and Applications, 2019
Topography, hydrology, vegetation are intricately linked. Topography through its characteristics ... more Topography, hydrology, vegetation are intricately linked. Topography through its characteristics - gradient, control the surface runoff and soil moisture regime that either disperses of concentrates flow of water in soil, and in turn help growth of vegetation and sustains it. Ecological sustainability is the current concern and warrants a scientific study using available resources like terrain parameters, satellite imageries coupled with field observations. In the present study, Digital Elevation Model data had been analyzed using multiple tools, Satellite images have been used to derive vegetation indices and ground truth has been used for validation. Panna area of Madhya Pradesh, being located in the central region of India with typical plateau topography with intricate valley fills and a representative climate regime of India has been taken for study. Analysis reflects fourteen types of landform units in the study area.
Forest cover on the basis NDVI coincides with density and canopy structure of vegetation. A combination of these two validates that there is a significant relationship between topographic forms and vegetation. Such studies can help in understanding and addressing concerns for sustainability and climate change issues.
Notion Press, 2019
Wetlands are an integral part of the landscape ecosystem.
Wetland/wetland vegetation Mapping and... more Wetlands are an integral part of the landscape ecosystem.
Wetland/wetland vegetation Mapping and its importance has been witnessed
and academics have been engaged since 1956. Ramsar Convention 1971
provided a platform for countries to work individually and collectively
towards mapping and managing wetlands throughout the globe. India
also prepared State-wise and National Wetland Atlas by 2013 at 1:50000
scale with wetland units less than 2.25ha area as points. This is a handicap
for administration to identify, assess and implement management and
conservation practices. These became target for encroachment, conversion
to crop fields and settlements. A case study was done in 2014 for Jay Sagar
Wetland area in Nagaon district and was found that it is used commercially
by wet rice cultivation and fisheries.
LandSat 8 for two time line and two seasons for the adjacent areas of
Brahmaputra River covering districts of Nagaon, Morigaon, Darrang, Sonitpur
have been processed for LULC with same training sets. LULC of year 2005 from
Bhuvan have been utilized to compare estimates. NDWI have been derived to
associate with the presence of wetlands in the area. Topographic Position Index
(TPI) and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) have been derived and related
to the existing wetlands. The results are fuzzy and become unreliable, when a
high accuracy data set is envisioned.
Conservation and reclamation of wetlands are of prime importance
now, as encroachment is a slow and continuous process besides altering the
local hydrological and surface runoff routings. A policy for administrative
interventions can be framed after visualization and estimation through accurately defined extent at cadastral level for wetlands. Digital Land Records
maintained by Administration can also be utilized in conjunction with satellite
image based reconnaissance survey, GIS based modeling for surface hydrology
and runoff routing and cadastral or mobile mapping; to map the wetlands accurately.
Assam, India has around 43433.50 ha of swampy area constituting 0.55 percent of the total geograp... more Assam, India has around 43433.50 ha of swampy area constituting 0.55 percent of the total geographical wherein watershed management programme can be a boon in augmenting the economic condition of the native people. Jaysagar wet land area covering an area of 237hectares and depth of water varying up to three meter i.e. from 67m to 70m amsl of Nagaon district in Assam is taken as a site for present study. Only few entrepreneurs or SHGs are engaged in fisheries with one pond. Production ranges from 500 kg to 1200 kg per pond per annum and results in an income of about INR25000 to INR50000. The wetland also has wet rice cultivated area, used for sustenance. This multi faceted study reveals there is a potential to up-scale the success of minor fishery ponds in to well developed fishery tanks in this swamp area coupled with agricultural practices. As the seasonally alternating economic activities of fishing and cultivation are the mainstay of the people of the area, understanding of the wetland resources and services will further help in augmenting the economy of the dependent households through aquatic resources management and community based ecological management of this fast encroached Jaysagar.
Hydrogeomorphological expression of terrain is best investigated by image interpretation. Hydroge... more Hydrogeomorphological expression of terrain is best investigated by image interpretation. Hydrogeomorphologically significant lineaments in the Sankh head water catchment are numerous and vary in their length and cut across different hydrogeomorphological units.The lineament present in the denudational hill complexes of granite and gneiss serve as groundwater recharge zones. Fracture based lineaments in other hydrogeomorphologic units especially on pediments and pediplains are to great extent buried in nature and have thick weathered layer, which allows identification of sites in locating wells or pumps for extraction of groundwater. Groundwater which is recharged by the monsoon rain is closer to surface in monsoon period characteristically varying spatially. Groundwater level within the catchment during post monsoon is about 5-7m below the surface level. As per extrapolation on the basis of studies conducted on different parts of India on similar lithological conditions, the average yield from the suitable sites within the catchment is expected to be around 400litre/minute. This points to prospect of double cropping in the area and enhance food security in the area.
Understanding North-East Region of India, ISBN 81-86393-87-0, Aug 2013
International Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS ISSN: 2277-9051, Oct 31, 2013
International Conference Proceedings of Planetary Scientific Research Centre. Pp 52-55. ISBN 978 93 82245 1, Oct 6, 2013
Asian Academic Research Journal of Social Science and Humanities. Vol 1 No 11, 2013
District of Lakhimpur, Asom, located in Brahmaputra Valley of Upper Asom hosts the second largest... more District of Lakhimpur, Asom, located in Brahmaputra Valley of Upper Asom hosts the second largest town, North Lakhimpur in the north bank of Brahmaputra River. In terms of geo-environmental factors the area is homogenous, but the intra-regional disparity is high owing to differences in most of the development indicators. Fifteen development indicators have been analyzed to understand the inequity in development among its seven circles. It has been found that there are three circles are comparatively well of whereas circle Kadam, is far behind in the hierarchy of development goals. The main factors responsible for these extremes are literacy vis-à-vis employment in nonagricultural sector, sex ratio and women participation in workforce.
Neo Geographia, Vol I. Issue II,
Arunachal Pradesh is least densely populated state of India with sixteen townships with total ur... more Arunachal Pradesh is least densely populated state of India with sixteen townships with total urban population of 3134461 in 2011. Bomdila is one of the oldest settlement in Arunachal Pradesh and ranks thirteenth in rank among towns with a population of 6693. It is an administrative cum tourist town and is also a transit place for Tawang. Due toits mountainous topography, houses Government buildings were initially constructed on favourable places in terms of slope gradient, slope aspect, slope curvature, location relative to channel. Currently due to pressure on the limited space for ever growing population and demand for accommodation of floating population houses are being built on unfavourable places. Geommorphological parameters are analysed and integrated using GIS techniques to evaluate the current scenario of urban housing in Bomdila Town. It is found that Government buildings, school, colleges built earlier are constructed on flat or near flat area with south or south west facing convex slopes. In contrast to that the residential units belonging to individuals have been gradually built in unfavourable areas with slope more than 40percent, located in south-west and west facing slightly concave to concave slopes. Thereby these house clusters located in unfavorable locations are prone to hazards like health land slide. This unplanned growth need to be stopped with Government regulation and explore and use suitable land parcels for further growth in New Bomdila.
Rajiv Gandhi University Research Journal Vol 11 No 1, 2012
River basins form a natural hydrological unit with a definite boundary and geomorphological syste... more River basins form a natural hydrological unit with a definite boundary and geomorphological system. River system is a function with input parameters like geographic area, lithology and rainfall. Channel geometric parameters adjust to these input variables to accommodate river discharge. For Chotanagpur plateau, Sankh River system has been taken to test these assumptions and validate the same. It is found from the field data when processed with appropriate statistical analysis that there is a strong relationship between width of channel and Area drained; width of channel influences channel crosses section area and channel gradient slope decreases on increase of width.
Academic Foundation. , 2009
Books by Santanu Patnaik
Anthropogeomorphology, 2022
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Papers by Santanu Patnaik
Forest cover on the basis NDVI coincides with density and canopy structure of vegetation. A combination of these two validates that there is a significant relationship between topographic forms and vegetation. Such studies can help in understanding and addressing concerns for sustainability and climate change issues.
Wetland/wetland vegetation Mapping and its importance has been witnessed
and academics have been engaged since 1956. Ramsar Convention 1971
provided a platform for countries to work individually and collectively
towards mapping and managing wetlands throughout the globe. India
also prepared State-wise and National Wetland Atlas by 2013 at 1:50000
scale with wetland units less than 2.25ha area as points. This is a handicap
for administration to identify, assess and implement management and
conservation practices. These became target for encroachment, conversion
to crop fields and settlements. A case study was done in 2014 for Jay Sagar
Wetland area in Nagaon district and was found that it is used commercially
by wet rice cultivation and fisheries.
LandSat 8 for two time line and two seasons for the adjacent areas of
Brahmaputra River covering districts of Nagaon, Morigaon, Darrang, Sonitpur
have been processed for LULC with same training sets. LULC of year 2005 from
Bhuvan have been utilized to compare estimates. NDWI have been derived to
associate with the presence of wetlands in the area. Topographic Position Index
(TPI) and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) have been derived and related
to the existing wetlands. The results are fuzzy and become unreliable, when a
high accuracy data set is envisioned.
Conservation and reclamation of wetlands are of prime importance
now, as encroachment is a slow and continuous process besides altering the
local hydrological and surface runoff routings. A policy for administrative
interventions can be framed after visualization and estimation through accurately defined extent at cadastral level for wetlands. Digital Land Records
maintained by Administration can also be utilized in conjunction with satellite
image based reconnaissance survey, GIS based modeling for surface hydrology
and runoff routing and cadastral or mobile mapping; to map the wetlands accurately.
Books by Santanu Patnaik
Forest cover on the basis NDVI coincides with density and canopy structure of vegetation. A combination of these two validates that there is a significant relationship between topographic forms and vegetation. Such studies can help in understanding and addressing concerns for sustainability and climate change issues.
Wetland/wetland vegetation Mapping and its importance has been witnessed
and academics have been engaged since 1956. Ramsar Convention 1971
provided a platform for countries to work individually and collectively
towards mapping and managing wetlands throughout the globe. India
also prepared State-wise and National Wetland Atlas by 2013 at 1:50000
scale with wetland units less than 2.25ha area as points. This is a handicap
for administration to identify, assess and implement management and
conservation practices. These became target for encroachment, conversion
to crop fields and settlements. A case study was done in 2014 for Jay Sagar
Wetland area in Nagaon district and was found that it is used commercially
by wet rice cultivation and fisheries.
LandSat 8 for two time line and two seasons for the adjacent areas of
Brahmaputra River covering districts of Nagaon, Morigaon, Darrang, Sonitpur
have been processed for LULC with same training sets. LULC of year 2005 from
Bhuvan have been utilized to compare estimates. NDWI have been derived to
associate with the presence of wetlands in the area. Topographic Position Index
(TPI) and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) have been derived and related
to the existing wetlands. The results are fuzzy and become unreliable, when a
high accuracy data set is envisioned.
Conservation and reclamation of wetlands are of prime importance
now, as encroachment is a slow and continuous process besides altering the
local hydrological and surface runoff routings. A policy for administrative
interventions can be framed after visualization and estimation through accurately defined extent at cadastral level for wetlands. Digital Land Records
maintained by Administration can also be utilized in conjunction with satellite
image based reconnaissance survey, GIS based modeling for surface hydrology
and runoff routing and cadastral or mobile mapping; to map the wetlands accurately.