This study investigated the role of endogenous Palestinian plant extracts in inducing wheat and b... more This study investigated the role of endogenous Palestinian plant extracts in inducing wheat and barley resistance systems against loose smut disease with the aim to alternate the chemical pest control with natural fungicides. Twenty indigenous herbal plant extracts and essential oils were assessed for their biological and antifungal properties against Ustilago tritici and Ustilago nuda. Their potential role in inducing resistance pathways was studied on four different cultivars of wheat and barley. Two common enzyme indicators – guaiacol peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) – are expressed in plants only after physical or chemical induction. The antifungal activity of the plant extracts was investigated in vitro. Totally 70 % of the plant extracts showed antifungal activity against Ustilago tritici and Ustilago nuda. Coridothyme extracts ranked first (61 %) in the fungal growth inhibition, followed by varthemia, salvia, ambrosia, artemisia, and lemon thyme. Some plant extra...
Background: A laboratory bioassay study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro pathogenicity of d... more Background: A laboratory bioassay study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro pathogenicity of different isolates of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and L. lecanii, against the adults of black bean aphid. Methods: The PCR-based method was used to identify the different isolates molecularly using sequence information from the ITS region. The total genomic DNA of the 19 fungal isolates was recovered from aphid cadavers using CTAB. The amplified DNA using QRT-PCR showed no significant differences in the ANOVA that tested mean cycle threshold (CT) values from the control. Post-molecular identification of the isolated entomopathogen was approved. The single discriminative concentration bioassay was carried out to determine LT50 values for each of twelve isolates to determine the most virulent for further studies. Result: LT50 values for B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and V. lecanii isolates varied from 110-113, 71-75 and 64-77 h, respectively. B. bassiana isolate BBK2, M. anisopliae isolate MAA2...
A preliminary study of the development and growth of lettuce crops trap cropped with 11 trap crop... more A preliminary study of the development and growth of lettuce crops trap cropped with 11 trap crops for root-knot nematode (RKN) control was studied under glasshouse conditions in Kadoorie Agriculture Research Centre in Palestine Technical University. Main crop growth parameters were evaluated by measuring the shoot height, lateral root length, wet and dry weight, ash percentage, and chlorophyll content. The total RKNs recovered from both main and trap crops from root systems were counted 6 weeks post RKN artificial inoculation. The first screening of the potential trap crops against RKNs showed a significant reduction in nematode numbers in lettuce and the average number of galls per gram fresh root when trap cropped with canola, B.G. pumpkin, mustard, and vetch cv. 976. No eggs were found by the end of the experiment. These trap crops attracted more nematodes and kept them from infecting the main crop. The effect of these trap crops on the growth and development of the main crop wa...
The influence of constant temperatures on biological parameters of German strains of Trichogramma... more The influence of constant temperatures on biological parameters of German strains of Trichogramma aurosum Sugonjaev & Sorokina (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was evaluated in the laboratory on eggs of Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Development time and longevity of all strains were decreased as temperature increased. Development time of the strains differed significantly only when exposed to 15°, 20°, and 25°C. Cumulative fertility and longevity differed significantly at 15° and 20°C. Realized fertility differed significantly at all constant temperatures. Emergence rates of all strains were less than 65% and were decreased even further as temperature increased. Female-biased sex ratio ranged from 65% to 100% at all constant temperatures. The low temperature threshold for T. aurosum was 10°C and the mean number of degreedays at 15°, 20°, 25° and 30°C was 175, 183, 173 and 185, respectively. The Bavarian strain tolerated high temperatures and had the highest parasiti...
Red palm weevils Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is becoming a serious insect pest on date palm in the ... more Red palm weevils Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is becoming a serious insect pest on date palm in the Mediterranean region and in Palestinian territories. Naturally occurring enemies collected from several localities could have a great potential in controlling invasive insect species. An indigenous strain of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) isolated from naturally infected Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae, pupae and adults were collected from several sites from the northern part of the West Bank. Identification and pathogenicity test were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions on module insect pests reared in the laboratories of Kadoorie Agriculture Research Center (KARC)/ PTUK, West-bank/ Palestinian territories. Laboratory results showed that indigenous strains of B. bassiana can infect target insect pest tested (LC50 was 120-132 conidia per ml). Field preventive bioassays on apple trees infected with aphid, confirmed the potential o...
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for awarding me a doctorate fellowship and for financiall... more German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for awarding me a doctorate fellowship and for financially supporting the field collection.
Goal: New isolates of the local microbial strains of Beauveria bassiana were identified from red ... more Goal: New isolates of the local microbial strains of Beauveria bassiana were identified from red palm weevil from Palestinian area, such strain should have adapted to the regional climate and can have strong potentials in controlling domestic insect pests. Pathogenicity of the native entomopathogenic fungi, biology and sold state fermentation for mass production will be carried out at PTUK. While genetic diversity of the different stains and setting up molecular protocols and approaches, would be carried out at Geinsenheim University in Germany.
A method was developed for use in a subsequent study to evaluate changes in seasonal susceptibili... more A method was developed for use in a subsequent study to evaluate changes in seasonal susceptibility of orchard peach trees to plum pox virus (PPV) infection by aphids. To understand this, detached healthy leaves would need to be collected from peach trees in the field at different times over the growing season and evaluated for susceptibility to aphid transmission of PPV. This study examined whether virus multiplication could be detected in aphid-inoculated detached leaves and if transmission efficiency of PPV by green peach aphids to detached leaves was comparable with that for peach seedlings. Results demonstrated that transmission efficiencies of viruliferous aphids transferred to detached peach leaves subsequently maintained on an agar bed for three weeks was not significantly different from that for intact seedlings. Overlaying infected PPV plum or peach leaf segments on the healthy peach leaves with subsequent application of aphids to the infected leaf pieces provided a compar...
BACKGROUND Laboratory bioassays using treated leaf disks of peach were conducted to determine the... more BACKGROUND Laboratory bioassays using treated leaf disks of peach were conducted to determine the efficacy of nine insecticides against the green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The effects of these insecticides on aphid feeding behaviours and rates of transmission of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) to potted rutabaga plants were also determined. RESULTS LC50 values after 48 hrs feeding varied considerably, ranging from lows of 1.5 and 4.6 ug a.i./l for sulfoxaflor and λ-cyhalothrin, respectively, to 97.2 and 167.9 ug a.i./l for flonicamid and spirotetramat. LC50 values were lowest and roughly equivalent for λ -cyhalothrin (1.2) acetamiprid (2.1), sulfoxaflor (0.23) and flupyradifurone (2.3) after 72 hrs feeding. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings showed modest effects on feeding behaviours for certain insecticides, with sulfoxaflor, spirotetramat, and acetamiprid non-significant reduction of the feeding duration time and number of pathway and potential drop phases occurring during the first five-minutes compared with the control. However, greenhouse experiments carried out to investigate the effect of these insecticides on rates of transmission of TuMV, which is transmitted non-persistently by GPA, resulted in only modest non-significant reductions in infection rates for acetamiprid, pymetrozine, λ -cyhalothrin, and flonicamid of 27, 23, 20 and 17%, respectively. CONCLUSION All test materials were efficacious to GPA at differing levels, and some such as sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid non-significantly reduced the duration and number of pathway and potential drop phases of feeding within the first five minutes. None, however, resulted in significant reductions in rates of transmission of TuMV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This study investigated the role of endogenous Palestinian plant extracts in inducing wheat and b... more This study investigated the role of endogenous Palestinian plant extracts in inducing wheat and barley resistance systems against loose smut disease with the aim to alternate the chemical pest control with natural fungicides. Twenty indigenous herbal plant extracts and essential oils were assessed for their biological and antifungal properties against Ustilago tritici and Ustilago nuda. Their potential role in inducing resistance pathways was studied on four different cultivars of wheat and barley. Two common enzyme indicators – guaiacol peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) – are expressed in plants only after physical or chemical induction. The antifungal activity of the plant extracts was investigated in vitro. Totally 70 % of the plant extracts showed antifungal activity against Ustilago tritici and Ustilago nuda. Coridothyme extracts ranked first (61 %) in the fungal growth inhibition, followed by varthemia, salvia, ambrosia, artemisia, and lemon thyme. Some plant extra...
Background: A laboratory bioassay study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro pathogenicity of d... more Background: A laboratory bioassay study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro pathogenicity of different isolates of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and L. lecanii, against the adults of black bean aphid. Methods: The PCR-based method was used to identify the different isolates molecularly using sequence information from the ITS region. The total genomic DNA of the 19 fungal isolates was recovered from aphid cadavers using CTAB. The amplified DNA using QRT-PCR showed no significant differences in the ANOVA that tested mean cycle threshold (CT) values from the control. Post-molecular identification of the isolated entomopathogen was approved. The single discriminative concentration bioassay was carried out to determine LT50 values for each of twelve isolates to determine the most virulent for further studies. Result: LT50 values for B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and V. lecanii isolates varied from 110-113, 71-75 and 64-77 h, respectively. B. bassiana isolate BBK2, M. anisopliae isolate MAA2...
A preliminary study of the development and growth of lettuce crops trap cropped with 11 trap crop... more A preliminary study of the development and growth of lettuce crops trap cropped with 11 trap crops for root-knot nematode (RKN) control was studied under glasshouse conditions in Kadoorie Agriculture Research Centre in Palestine Technical University. Main crop growth parameters were evaluated by measuring the shoot height, lateral root length, wet and dry weight, ash percentage, and chlorophyll content. The total RKNs recovered from both main and trap crops from root systems were counted 6 weeks post RKN artificial inoculation. The first screening of the potential trap crops against RKNs showed a significant reduction in nematode numbers in lettuce and the average number of galls per gram fresh root when trap cropped with canola, B.G. pumpkin, mustard, and vetch cv. 976. No eggs were found by the end of the experiment. These trap crops attracted more nematodes and kept them from infecting the main crop. The effect of these trap crops on the growth and development of the main crop wa...
The influence of constant temperatures on biological parameters of German strains of Trichogramma... more The influence of constant temperatures on biological parameters of German strains of Trichogramma aurosum Sugonjaev & Sorokina (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was evaluated in the laboratory on eggs of Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Development time and longevity of all strains were decreased as temperature increased. Development time of the strains differed significantly only when exposed to 15°, 20°, and 25°C. Cumulative fertility and longevity differed significantly at 15° and 20°C. Realized fertility differed significantly at all constant temperatures. Emergence rates of all strains were less than 65% and were decreased even further as temperature increased. Female-biased sex ratio ranged from 65% to 100% at all constant temperatures. The low temperature threshold for T. aurosum was 10°C and the mean number of degreedays at 15°, 20°, 25° and 30°C was 175, 183, 173 and 185, respectively. The Bavarian strain tolerated high temperatures and had the highest parasiti...
Red palm weevils Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is becoming a serious insect pest on date palm in the ... more Red palm weevils Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is becoming a serious insect pest on date palm in the Mediterranean region and in Palestinian territories. Naturally occurring enemies collected from several localities could have a great potential in controlling invasive insect species. An indigenous strain of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) isolated from naturally infected Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae, pupae and adults were collected from several sites from the northern part of the West Bank. Identification and pathogenicity test were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions on module insect pests reared in the laboratories of Kadoorie Agriculture Research Center (KARC)/ PTUK, West-bank/ Palestinian territories. Laboratory results showed that indigenous strains of B. bassiana can infect target insect pest tested (LC50 was 120-132 conidia per ml). Field preventive bioassays on apple trees infected with aphid, confirmed the potential o...
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for awarding me a doctorate fellowship and for financiall... more German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for awarding me a doctorate fellowship and for financially supporting the field collection.
Goal: New isolates of the local microbial strains of Beauveria bassiana were identified from red ... more Goal: New isolates of the local microbial strains of Beauveria bassiana were identified from red palm weevil from Palestinian area, such strain should have adapted to the regional climate and can have strong potentials in controlling domestic insect pests. Pathogenicity of the native entomopathogenic fungi, biology and sold state fermentation for mass production will be carried out at PTUK. While genetic diversity of the different stains and setting up molecular protocols and approaches, would be carried out at Geinsenheim University in Germany.
A method was developed for use in a subsequent study to evaluate changes in seasonal susceptibili... more A method was developed for use in a subsequent study to evaluate changes in seasonal susceptibility of orchard peach trees to plum pox virus (PPV) infection by aphids. To understand this, detached healthy leaves would need to be collected from peach trees in the field at different times over the growing season and evaluated for susceptibility to aphid transmission of PPV. This study examined whether virus multiplication could be detected in aphid-inoculated detached leaves and if transmission efficiency of PPV by green peach aphids to detached leaves was comparable with that for peach seedlings. Results demonstrated that transmission efficiencies of viruliferous aphids transferred to detached peach leaves subsequently maintained on an agar bed for three weeks was not significantly different from that for intact seedlings. Overlaying infected PPV plum or peach leaf segments on the healthy peach leaves with subsequent application of aphids to the infected leaf pieces provided a compar...
BACKGROUND Laboratory bioassays using treated leaf disks of peach were conducted to determine the... more BACKGROUND Laboratory bioassays using treated leaf disks of peach were conducted to determine the efficacy of nine insecticides against the green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The effects of these insecticides on aphid feeding behaviours and rates of transmission of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) to potted rutabaga plants were also determined. RESULTS LC50 values after 48 hrs feeding varied considerably, ranging from lows of 1.5 and 4.6 ug a.i./l for sulfoxaflor and λ-cyhalothrin, respectively, to 97.2 and 167.9 ug a.i./l for flonicamid and spirotetramat. LC50 values were lowest and roughly equivalent for λ -cyhalothrin (1.2) acetamiprid (2.1), sulfoxaflor (0.23) and flupyradifurone (2.3) after 72 hrs feeding. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings showed modest effects on feeding behaviours for certain insecticides, with sulfoxaflor, spirotetramat, and acetamiprid non-significant reduction of the feeding duration time and number of pathway and potential drop phases occurring during the first five-minutes compared with the control. However, greenhouse experiments carried out to investigate the effect of these insecticides on rates of transmission of TuMV, which is transmitted non-persistently by GPA, resulted in only modest non-significant reductions in infection rates for acetamiprid, pymetrozine, λ -cyhalothrin, and flonicamid of 27, 23, 20 and 17%, respectively. CONCLUSION All test materials were efficacious to GPA at differing levels, and some such as sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid non-significantly reduced the duration and number of pathway and potential drop phases of feeding within the first five minutes. None, however, resulted in significant reductions in rates of transmission of TuMV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Uploads
Papers by Rana Samara