Papers by Obesity Research – Open Journal
Openventio Publishers, 2022
Adequate nutritional status should be seen as a fundamental point of prenatal care to avoid obste... more Adequate nutritional status should be seen as a fundamental point of prenatal care to avoid obstetric complications and promote the baby's health. This study aimed to compare prenatal body mass index (BMI) and BMI for gestational age (GA) and lifestyle habits of high-risk and low-risk pregnant women at a Brazilian University Hospital. Methodology This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach using a questionnaire. Statistical analyzes were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. The significance level adopted was 5% (p<0.05). Results The present research involved 78 pregnant women, 51.3% of whom were low-risk. Most pregnant women (73.1%) did not practice physical activity and, among those who did, most reported practicing between 2 and 3-hours per week of light activity. In addition, most (57.7%) interviewees reported sleeping more than 7-hours a night. The pre-pregnancy BMI was adequate in only 34.6% of the patients, while 59% were overweight (overweight or obese); at the time of the interview, BMI for gestational age was normal in only 28.2%, and 66.7% had a BMI reflecting overweight. Consumption of sweets during the week showed significant variation: the high-risk group had a higher percentage of patients who did not consume sweets during the week (44.7%) compared to the low-risk group (20%). Furthermore, while in the high-risk group, only 7.9% consumed sweets 5 to 7 times a week, 30% of the low-risk group consumed sweets 5 to 7 times a week. Conclusion The evaluated pregnant women have a prevalence of excess weight of 66.6%, higher than that of Brazilian women (53.9%). Comparison between preconception BMI and BMI for GA showed a tendency to persist in the pre-pregnancy classification; when there was a change in the distribution of the BMI classification, this occurred with a reduction in the number of underweight, eutrophic, and overweight women and an increase in the percentage of pregnant women with obesity. The diet, in general, was sufficient in terms of micronutrients and fiber, but with high consumption of sweets by low-risk pregnant women. In addition, the proportion of sedentary pregnant women is extremely high. Our study shows the importance of promoting healthy habits during prenatal care to improve pregnant women's nutritional diagnosis.
Openventio Publishers, 2021
Soluble fiber has been shown to improve glycemic control by slowing the absorptions of glucose. A... more Soluble fiber has been shown to improve glycemic control by slowing the absorptions of glucose. And inositol has been shown
to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes via recruiting glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4)
to cell surface. However, neither inositol supplementation nor combination of inositol and soluble fiber supplementation has
been studied in overweight.
Openventio Publishers, 2021
Obesity is a public health concern in many countries. Obesity is often accompanied by other disea... more Obesity is a public health concern in many countries. Obesity is often accompanied by other diseases and, in addition to its effects
on personal health, also increases national health expenditure and medical costs. Currently, weight loss can be achieved through
several medical means, such as gastric bypass surgery, liposuction, or the use of weight loss drugs. However, these options may
lead to side effects or increased mortality. As such, the development of anti-obesity supplements that are natural and safe merits
greater research attention. Garcinia cambogia extract, green coffee bean extract, mulberry leaf extract, chromium yeast, and wakame
extract are known to have the potential to combat obesity and adjust physical constitutions; however, the effect on fat loss of these
agents in a compound supplement has not been researched or discussed.
Openventio Publishers, 2021
Chyloperitoneum is a rare intra-abdominal finding in internal hernia, only a few cases reports me... more Chyloperitoneum is a rare intra-abdominal finding in internal hernia, only a few cases reports mentioned in the literature. It presents around 0.001-0.005% of hospital admissions. The presence of chylous ascites and swirl sign in a patient is a good indication of internal hernia and the bowel's validity.
Openventio Publishers, 2021
Background Genetic polymorphisms that affect the availability and secretion of dopamine can affec... more Background Genetic polymorphisms that affect the availability and secretion of dopamine can affect the risk of obesity. Objectives To investigate the relationship between pediatric obesity and cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) with the polymorphisms of "Fat Mass and Obesity Associated" (FTO) rs9939609, "Dopamine Receptor type 2" (DRD2) rs6277 and "Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing 1" (ANKK1) rs18000497 genes. Methods Case-Control study conducted with 226 pediatric patients from 5 to 16-years of age. The two main groups, Obese (O) and Eutrophic (E), were subdivided according to the value of HOMA-IR into obese with insulin resistance (ORI) or insulin sensitivity (OSI) and eutrophic resistant (ERI) or sensitive (ESI) to insulin. According to the presence of two or more CRF, they were subdivided into metabolically unhealthy or metabolically healthy groups: Obese Metabolically Unhealthy (OMU), Obese Metabolically Healthy (OMH), Eutrophic Metabolically Unhealthy (EMU) and Eutrophic Metabolically Healthy (EMH). Polymorphisms were determined by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). Results In the obese group, the higher the number of risk alleles of FTO and ANKK1 genes isolated and the three genes combined, the higher the mean BMI (p<0.0001). Regarding the FTO gene: the frequency of the risk allele was: 57.7%-ERI, 37.4%-ESI (p=0.048), and the homozygous wild genotype was: 29.5%-OMU, 37.5%-OMH (p=0.02). Regarding the DRD2 gene: the genotypes with the risk allele were present in 84.6%-OMU and 67.5%-OMH (p=0.031). Regarding the ANKK1 gene: the frequency of the homozygous risk genotype was current in 15.4%-ERI and 13.5%-ESI (p<0.0001) and 62.5%-EMU and 41.5%-OMH (p=0.031). Conclusion Risk alleles of FTO, DRD2 and ANKK1 genes had an additive effect on the outcome of pediatric obesity in Brazilian children and conferred a higher risk of insulin resistance (FTO and ANKK1) and CRF.
Openventio Publishers, 2020
Background Obesity has become a public health issue of global concern. Obesity is often associate... more Background Obesity has become a public health issue of global concern. Obesity is often associated with the occurrence of many diseases, and will also increase mortality; it not only affects personal health, but also increases healthcare costs, thus reducing social productivity and causing negative social and economic impacts. Therefore, ameliorating obesity is an issue worth attention and effort. The development of a natural and safe anti-obesity combination is worthy of further research. It is known that L-carnitine, green tea and lotus leaves have anti-obesity potential, but there is no research and discussion on this novel combination to improve body fat. Objective This study explored how the dietary supplement formula containing L-carnitine, green tea extract and lotus leaf extract (CGL) lowered the body fat accumulation in rats induced by high-energy diet. Design The test used 60 male Sprague Dawley ® white rats aged 6 weeks, which were first divided into the control group (12 rats were given normal feed) and the experimental group (48 rats were given high energy diet; HE). The HE group was further divided into H 2 O and CGL groups (296, 593 and 1186 mg/kg, to be designated as CGL-L, CGL-M, CGL-H respectively). The rats were first fed with feed for five-weeks, and then fed with different doses of CGL by gavage starting from the sixth-week. After nine-weeks of feeding, the rats were sacrificed to obtain their body weight, feed intake, body fat, serum biochemical indices and liver lipid measurements. Results The results show that the final body weight of HE+CGL-L (578.8±41.6 g) was significantly lower than that of HE+H 2 O (634.9±42.2 g), and the body fat amount of HE+CGL-L (36.6±9.8 g) was significantly lower than that of HE+H 2 O (49.4±13.8 g). Feed efficiency and calorie efficiency of HE+CGL-L were also significantly lower than that of HE+H 2 O (p<0.001). HE+CGL-M and HE+CGL-H were also able to significantly reduce the final body weight, body fat amount and serum-free fatty acid concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion CGL can significantly reduce the final body weight, body fat amount, body fat ratio, feed efficiency and calorie efficiency. CGL has the potential as a new dietary supplement for weight loss. However, the significance of these results on humans taking the supplement for prolonged periods of time is unknown and should be a focus for future investigations.
Openventio Publishers, 2020
Aim
Having reviewed earlier the role of probiotics in obesity and other associated metabolic diso... more Aim
Having reviewed earlier the role of probiotics in obesity and other associated metabolic disorders like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), engineering probiotics for cholera and other neuronal diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson disease with incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) so much on the rise, Here the aim of this systematic review is to highlight the influence of dietary patterns, like fatty acids, other lipids on role of maternal stress and the neuropsychiatric disease (NPD) formation along with influence of probiotics in reverting them.
Method
A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane reviews, and Google Scholar, Search engine with the MeSH Terms; “Impaired lipid metabolism”; “Oxidative stress”; “inflammation”; “Gut Microbiota (GM)”; “NPD”; “Schizophrenia (SCZ)”; “Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)”; “Bipolar disorders (BD)”; “Gamma amino butyric acid
(GABA)”; “5-hydroxy tryptamine (5HT)”; “Brain derived neutrotrophicfactor (BDNF)”; “Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)”;
“Saturated (SFA)”; “Depression”; “Resolvins”; “Protectins”; “Short chain fatty acids (SCFA)”; “Probiotics”; “Fecal Transplantation” from 1990 till June 2020.
Results
We found a total of 900 articles under various subheadings of GM and NPD and probiotics with NPD and SCZ, ASD. One hundred ninety-two (192) articles got selected for this comprehensive review. No meta-analysis was conducted.
Conclusion
We observed a marked correlation among dietary habits, like utilization of Western diet (WD) with marked escalation of intake of
high fat, high sugar rich diet escalated n6 PUFAS over n3 PUFAS and influence on GM that is not helpful in digestion of the nondigestible fibers in form of starch along with generation of butyrate aiding in certain beneficial effects and on formation of various
neurochemicals like escalation of BDNF while increased GABA, reduced 5HT formation alteration of tryptophan metabolism is
seen in these WD food and we have tried to detail the role of SCFA formation, generation of resolvins and how they work in the
formation of various NPD besides maternal diet during pregnancy and how it determines infants microglial priming and later determinants of early stress.
Openventio Publishers, 2020
Purpose Internet addiction is a major health concern among undergraduate students; however, few s... more Purpose Internet addiction is a major health concern among undergraduate students; however, few studies have addressed modifiable be-havioral factors associated with internet addiction in the context of Taiwan. This study aimed to investigate associations between physical activity and the risk of internet addiction among undergraduate students in Taiwan.
Methods In 2017, we recruited 320 undergraduate students from Northern Taiwan to participate in a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. Physical activity was measured by the Taiwanese short-form version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, which evaluates an individual's weekly levels of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (VPA) and moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (MPA). Internet addiction was measured by the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS).
Results For the 320 surveyed students, the average CIAS score was 53.3, and 18.13% of participants were at risk for internet addiction (defined as CIAS score >64). The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that a routine of at least 150 min of MPA per week was negatively associated with risk for internet addiction (β=−4.39, 95% CI=[-8.10,-0.66]). No significant associations were observed between internet addiction and 75 min of VPA or 150 min of total physical activity per week. Among the 5 dimensions of the CIAS scale, MPA was negatively associated with tolerance symptoms, time-management problems, and interpersonal and health-related problems when a routine of 150 min per week was adopted.
Conclusion A routine of 150 min of MPA per week was associated with a lower risk for internet addiction. Intervention efforts aimed at reducing undergraduate students' problematic internet use should promote recommended levels of MPA. We also recommend longitudinal research on the effects of engaging in physical activity on the risk of internet addition.
Openventio Publishers, 2020
Aim: Obesity is increasing globally by leaps and bounds and thus the incidence of type 2 diabetes... more Aim: Obesity is increasing globally by leaps and bounds and thus the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) along with it so much so that the term diabesity had to be coined. Earlier we had reviewed how to treat the both together and the role of em-pagliflozin to improve cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT). Similarly T2DM and hypertension are pathophysiologically-related diseases which co-exist with a broader complex of metabolic diseases which co-exist possessing similar set of risk factors. Hence it is important to consider which antihypertensives are suitable that possess a positive effect on metabolic factors in cases of T2DM who require an antihypertensive.
Method: A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed search engine with the MeSH terms: "T2DM"; "essential hyper-tension; "cardiovascular (CV)"; "Complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and antihypertensive"; "Antihypertensive preferred in T2DM subjects"; "Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors"; "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)"; "Angio-tensin receptor blockers (ARBs)"; "Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker"; "β2 blockers"; "Diuretics".
Discussion: Most diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects need a minimum of two antihypertensive drugs, combining a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) inhibitor with a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker seems to be the most indicated approach. But not all dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers have equivalent effects on metabolic parameters. Hence manidipine that causes positive effect on insulin resistance (IR) seems to be an effective option. We have reviewed how manidipine is superior to amlodip-ine with regards to improving IR, not seen with amlodipine, along with not causing excessive sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, pulse pressure and ankle edema or to much lesser extent than amlodipine. Therefore, manidipine needs to be the first addition to RAS inhibitors in case of DM's having hypertension of the dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers. Further good blood pressure (BP) control been correlated with good CVs outcomes.
Conclusion: A RAS inhibitor is the first line of choice of drugs in a subject with T2DM who needs to be treated with empagliflozin for better CVOT outcome, and when a 2 nd drug has to be added it is manidipine that is preferred over amlodipine. Plant products are proving to be having a lot of beneficial effects in DM, obesity and hypertension. Thus need for developing agents from plants will prove to be more cost effective in these chronic diseases where compliance is difficult to achieve with the use of common antiDM drugs and antihypertensives with the cost factor along with their side effects.
Openventio Publishers, 2019
The obesity epidemic has been largely attributed to changes in lifestyle habits established over ... more The obesity epidemic has been largely attributed to changes in lifestyle habits established over the past three decades. These changes are mainly attributed to excessive nutrition and decline in physical activity as well as additional factors such as reduced intestinal mi-crobiota diversity, sleep duration, endocrine disruptors, and reduced variability of the ambient temperature. However, the obesogenic environment is not sufficient to determine the presence of obesity, it is necessary that the lifestyle becomes associated with a personal predisposition for the phenotype to emerge. In this article, we review the main forms of monogenic and syndromic obesity, as well as a historical summary of the search for the genes that add up to confer greater risk for the development of polygenic obesity. Methods We carried out a PubMed search, along with ExcerptaMedica database (EMBASE)/Cochrane library, Web Sciences for the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms "obesity'' AND "genetics" for the past 5-years. Results We found a total of 14057 articles pertaining to obesity and genetics together of which we selected 92 articles for this review after getting articles after searching cross references. Conclusion Studies with twins and adopted children show that 55 to 80% of the variation of body mass index (BMI) is attributed to genetic factors. According to the genetic criteria, obesity can be classified as A) Monogenic-when a mutated gene is responsible for the phenotype ; B) Syndromic-when a set of specific symptoms are present and a small group of genes is involved; usually the term is used to describe obese patients with cognitive delay, dysmorphic features, organ-specific abnormalities, hyperphagia, and/or other signs of hypothalamic dysfunction; C) Polygenic-also called "common" obesity, present in up to 95% of cases.
Openventio Publishers, 2019
Purpose While there are some studies on sleep and physical activity, little is known regarding th... more Purpose While there are some studies on sleep and physical activity, little is known regarding the associations between sleep and sedentary behavior. This study investigated the associations between sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity among young adults. Methods Cross-sectional data from 124 undergraduate students were included in the analysis (age=21±1 years). Both accelerometer-based and self-report assessments of sleep were included; physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed by accelerometers. Participants were asked to fill out sleep questionnaires and wear accelerometers for 7 days. Pearson correlations, partial correlations, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analyses were performed to investigate the relationships between sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity. Results After adjusting for age, gender, percent body fat, educational level, and monthly allowance, prolonged sedentary time was correlated with a shorter sleep onset latency (r=-0.19, p=0.04), shorter time in bed (r=-0.43, p<0.001), and shorter sleep duration (r=-0.38, p<0.001).
Openventio Publishers, 2019
D iabetes prevalence is at an alarming level. It is predicted that one in ten adults will have t... more D iabetes prevalence is at an alarming level. It is predicted that one in ten adults will have the condition by 2030 compared with one in eleven at present. 1 Despite several global calls for action to reverse such a trend, the number of people with diabetes and associated lifestyle diseases continues to rise leading to significant health burdens, morbidity and premature mortality. 2 Such challenge makes it crucial to adopt immediate preventative policies which embed effective lifestyle diabetes interventions, especially those integrating multi-components interventions. 3 Adopting a multi-component approach which encompasses changing behavioral and physical aspects is likely to be more effective than a single component diabetes prevention program. Lessons from large lifestyle interventions combining a variety of physical activity patterns with different healthy dietary regimes have unequivocal evidence about their joint long-term effectiveness compared with adopting a single component whether exercise , diet or medication alone.
Openventio Publishers, 2019
Menopause is characterized by marked changes in the circulating estrogen of the female body. 1 As... more Menopause is characterized by marked changes in the circulating estrogen of the female body. 1 As women age, progressively declines in ovarian function lead to a gradual reduction in es-trogen secretion that ultimately ceases when menopause is reached. This transitional time is termed the perimenopausal period and it occurs approximately within one year of its commencement. 2 The perimenopausal years are crucial for the future health of females as the observed hormonal alterations can lead to a number of psy-chophysiological changes that can increase the risk of disease if not prevented early. 2 Specifically, during the perimenopausal years the diminished concentrations of estrogens, reduce their protective role on health and contribute to significant physiological disturbances.
Openventio Publishers, 2019
With the growing epidemic of obesity in children, adolescents and adults globally, obesity has be... more With the growing epidemic of obesity in children, adolescents and adults globally, obesity has been found to be a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemias and many cancers. So much so that recently a term diabesity (Obesity and diabetes in the same patient, especially when the obesity had a causal influence on the diabetes) got introduced. The aim of this systematic review was to study how we can tackle together so that we can take care of the mortality caused by obesity and T2DM being responsible for more mortalities replacing malnutrition even in developing countries.
Openventio Publishers, 2017
Obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m 2 or above, with progressively in... more Obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m 2 or above, with progressively increasing prevalence all over the world in recent years. Obesity is characterized by deposition of abnormally increased body fat, resulting from increased energy intake relative to energy expenditure. The condition is associated with several comorbidities that upsurge risk of morbidity. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of oxidative stress in release of pro-inflammatory mediators that influence fat and glucose metabolism and is associated with altered enzyme activity, which results in insulin resistance and other associated comorbidities. The main pathology is through intensified generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diminution of antioxidant defense, creating a chronic inflammatory situation that is critically important in development of comorbidities. New strategies to combat resultant comorbidities concentrate on weight reduction either solely or coupled with moderately regular exercise. This policy may be sufficient to improve insulin sensitivity, regulate fatty acid metabolism together with refining antioxidant defense of the body. Other approaches encourage modulation of dietary pattern through dietary supplements as vitamins, with or without pharmaceutical antioxi-dants, which may provide a potential therapeutics approach in obesity comorbidities
Openventio Publishers, 2017
Obesity is a chronic multifactorial desease whose increasing prevalence is associated with severa... more Obesity is a chronic multifactorial desease whose increasing prevalence is associated with several comorbidities. Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, mental health problems and even certain cancers are more common among obese patients. According to World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is one of the ten responsible for more than a third of deaths, being the second cause of premature avoidable mortality after smoke. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical entity characterized by the presence of insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinism, glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity, which increases cardiovascular risk. The prevalence of this clinical condition has increased in the last decade in the western world, being very common in Europe and in the United States (it may reach around 25% in people over 20-years-old and 50% in people over 60-years-old). 1 Unlike the WHO or European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR) group criteria, abdominal obesity/waist circumference (men >102 cm and women >88 cm) gains importance in the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) which is recognised as similar as other main criteria; not being necessary the presence of insulin resistance, diabetes or hydrocarbon intolerance. These convenience standards make useful the anthropometric and laboratory accessible tests in primary and hospital care. Overall, there are three kinds of risk factors (underlying, major and emerging) in the MS, some of them have proved relation to the obesity. 2 Firstly, obesity (especially visceral or abdominal obesity) is considered one of the main underlying risk factors, along with a lack of physical activity and an atherogenic diet. Secondly, elevated blood pressure is strongly associated with obesity, more frequently with insulin resistance people, as a metabolic risk factor. Another emerging risk factor to consider is the frequent proinflammatory state in the MS, which is clinically detected by an increase of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. One of the principal cause among the multiple mechanisms underlying of this is the obesity due to the excess adipose tissue releases inflammatory cytokines that can produce high-levels of CRP. Obesity, along with others adipose tissue disorders, insulin resistance and diverse independent factors; is one of the potential etiopathogenic categories in this MS. 3 "Epidemic obesity" was established by ATPIII as the main responsible for the increasing prevalence of MS. It is proved that obesity contributes to the development of hypertension, elevated cholesterol serum, low HDL-cholesterol serum and hyperglycaemia, thus contributing to an increase of cardiovascular risk. Notably, this 'metabolic obesity' has demonstrated straight relation with several metabolic risk factors. Excessive adipose tissue releases certain products that directly increase these risk factors. These include non-esterified fatty acids, cytokines, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and adiponectin. Elevated plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) produce a muscular and hepatic lipid overload that increases insulin resistance. Elevated levels of CRP are owned to either proinflammatory status or excess of cytokines. Elevated levels of PAI-1 contribute to the prothrombotic state and low-levels of adiponectin associated to obesity are frequently related to the metabolic risk factors. The connection between obesity, especially abdominal obesity, and metabolic risk factors happens to be so important that adult treatment panel III (ATP III) defined MS mainly as a group of metabolic complications of obesity. 3
Openventio Publishers, 2017
We reviewed the literature relating to hypothalamic inflammation (HI); gliosis in relation
to hig... more We reviewed the literature relating to hypothalamic inflammation (HI); gliosis in relation
to high-fat diet (HFD) and that how this could be reversed with various types of therapies.
We searched PubMed articles with the MeSH terms “hypothalamic inflammation”, “gliosis”,
“HFD”, “obesity”, and “treatments” used. During HFD intake, we found that the ventromedial
hypothalamus (VMH) astrocytes uses fatty acids (FA’s) to generate ketone bodies which are
then exported to neurons where they produce excess adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which overrides CD36 mediated FA sensing and role of astrocytederived ketone bodies in reducing calorie intake in diet resistant but not diet-induced obese
strains was emphasized. The further role of HAM-RS2-a special starch, resolvins abscisic acid,
KBH1, unsaturated fatty acid receptor targeting GPR120/GPR40. Hepatic clock genes were
effective in tackling obesity. We found that in rodents hypothalamic inflammation and glioses
were found to occur immediately with HFD consumption before any significant weight gain.
Sensitivity or resistance to diet-induced obesity in rodents also correlates with the presence or
absence of hypothalamic inflammation and reactive glioses. Further functional interventions
with the increase or decrease inflammation in neurons and glia alter diet associated weight gain.
Various human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have found glioses and disrupted
connectivity in obese humans. Various factors which can be used to tackle obesity like HAMRS2-a special starch, resolvins, abscisic acid, KBH1, unsaturated fatty acid receptors, GPR120
and GPR40 are some of the explored routes by which these pathways may be explored to
prevent the further extension of the HFD and one may get newer answers for arresting obesity
development.
Openventio Publishers, 2017
The interrelationships between obesity and high fat mass with different chronic
pathophysiologica... more The interrelationships between obesity and high fat mass with different chronic
pathophysiological conditions have been taken into consideration in recent decades along with
the growing prevalence of obesity. Epidemiological evidence supports the increased risk of
the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, dyslipidemia, type
2 diabetes and some types of cancers with obesity.1
Studies in neurological disorders have also
suggested the potential contribution of obesity in developing structural pathologies in the brain
in different life stages.
Openventio Publishers, 2017
Promoting fruit and vegetable (henceforth referred to as F&V) intake in early childhood is
signif... more Promoting fruit and vegetable (henceforth referred to as F&V) intake in early childhood is
significant to public health now and in the future.1
One of the goals of Healthy People 2020
(i.e., Goal NSW-15) is to increase the variety and contribution of vegetables in the dietary
habits of the population, including its youngest members (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014).2
Education efforts fostering the consumption of fruits and vegetables in
young children serve as a catalyst for efforts to combat childhood obesity by helping promote
shifts in dietary patterns with decreased intake of energy-dense foods high in fat and sugars to
foods high in vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. In our work with the U.S. federal food assistance program, Head Start, in the New England region of Western Massachusetts,3
we found
that children were not achieving the recommended F and V intake, and that overweight and
obesity, as well as micronutrient deficiencies (vitamins A and C, and iron), may be prevalent.4
Although the direct correlation between F and V consumption, and lowering of obesity is yet
to be established in this early life-stage, F and V, especially exotic varieties are low-calorie,
low-fat sources of vitamins (vitamin C, carotenoids), minerals, and fiber and provide an array
of phytonutrients and antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory benefits.
Openventio Publichers, 2016
Introduction: The international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instru... more Introduction: The international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instrument for cross-national monitoring of physical activity (PA) and inactivity. The aim of this
study was to determine the PA level in a sample of Italian population.
Methods: In total 957 adults (56% women) aged 19-65 years were randomly recruited. PA was
assessed using the long form of the IPAQ (IPAQ-L). Lifestyle, body weight and height were
obtained by questionnaire.
Results: The total PA was 1610 MET-min/week: subjects were physically more active in the
domestic and garden domain, contrary to transportation and leisure domain. Classifying the
activities on the basis of the intensity, significant differences between sexes were detected for
moderate and vigorous activities; moreover subjects aged 18-30 years had the lowest levels of
PA, while subjects aged >50 had the highest levels. The 86% of the examined population spent
at least 30 minutes of moderate PA on 5 days of the week, adhering to the international recommendations.
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Papers by Obesity Research – Open Journal
to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes via recruiting glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4)
to cell surface. However, neither inositol supplementation nor combination of inositol and soluble fiber supplementation has
been studied in overweight.
on personal health, also increases national health expenditure and medical costs. Currently, weight loss can be achieved through
several medical means, such as gastric bypass surgery, liposuction, or the use of weight loss drugs. However, these options may
lead to side effects or increased mortality. As such, the development of anti-obesity supplements that are natural and safe merits
greater research attention. Garcinia cambogia extract, green coffee bean extract, mulberry leaf extract, chromium yeast, and wakame
extract are known to have the potential to combat obesity and adjust physical constitutions; however, the effect on fat loss of these
agents in a compound supplement has not been researched or discussed.
Having reviewed earlier the role of probiotics in obesity and other associated metabolic disorders like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), engineering probiotics for cholera and other neuronal diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson disease with incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) so much on the rise, Here the aim of this systematic review is to highlight the influence of dietary patterns, like fatty acids, other lipids on role of maternal stress and the neuropsychiatric disease (NPD) formation along with influence of probiotics in reverting them.
Method
A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane reviews, and Google Scholar, Search engine with the MeSH Terms; “Impaired lipid metabolism”; “Oxidative stress”; “inflammation”; “Gut Microbiota (GM)”; “NPD”; “Schizophrenia (SCZ)”; “Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)”; “Bipolar disorders (BD)”; “Gamma amino butyric acid
(GABA)”; “5-hydroxy tryptamine (5HT)”; “Brain derived neutrotrophicfactor (BDNF)”; “Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)”;
“Saturated (SFA)”; “Depression”; “Resolvins”; “Protectins”; “Short chain fatty acids (SCFA)”; “Probiotics”; “Fecal Transplantation” from 1990 till June 2020.
Results
We found a total of 900 articles under various subheadings of GM and NPD and probiotics with NPD and SCZ, ASD. One hundred ninety-two (192) articles got selected for this comprehensive review. No meta-analysis was conducted.
Conclusion
We observed a marked correlation among dietary habits, like utilization of Western diet (WD) with marked escalation of intake of
high fat, high sugar rich diet escalated n6 PUFAS over n3 PUFAS and influence on GM that is not helpful in digestion of the nondigestible fibers in form of starch along with generation of butyrate aiding in certain beneficial effects and on formation of various
neurochemicals like escalation of BDNF while increased GABA, reduced 5HT formation alteration of tryptophan metabolism is
seen in these WD food and we have tried to detail the role of SCFA formation, generation of resolvins and how they work in the
formation of various NPD besides maternal diet during pregnancy and how it determines infants microglial priming and later determinants of early stress.
Methods In 2017, we recruited 320 undergraduate students from Northern Taiwan to participate in a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. Physical activity was measured by the Taiwanese short-form version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, which evaluates an individual's weekly levels of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (VPA) and moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (MPA). Internet addiction was measured by the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS).
Results For the 320 surveyed students, the average CIAS score was 53.3, and 18.13% of participants were at risk for internet addiction (defined as CIAS score >64). The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that a routine of at least 150 min of MPA per week was negatively associated with risk for internet addiction (β=−4.39, 95% CI=[-8.10,-0.66]). No significant associations were observed between internet addiction and 75 min of VPA or 150 min of total physical activity per week. Among the 5 dimensions of the CIAS scale, MPA was negatively associated with tolerance symptoms, time-management problems, and interpersonal and health-related problems when a routine of 150 min per week was adopted.
Conclusion A routine of 150 min of MPA per week was associated with a lower risk for internet addiction. Intervention efforts aimed at reducing undergraduate students' problematic internet use should promote recommended levels of MPA. We also recommend longitudinal research on the effects of engaging in physical activity on the risk of internet addition.
Method: A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed search engine with the MeSH terms: "T2DM"; "essential hyper-tension; "cardiovascular (CV)"; "Complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and antihypertensive"; "Antihypertensive preferred in T2DM subjects"; "Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors"; "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)"; "Angio-tensin receptor blockers (ARBs)"; "Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker"; "β2 blockers"; "Diuretics".
Discussion: Most diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects need a minimum of two antihypertensive drugs, combining a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) inhibitor with a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker seems to be the most indicated approach. But not all dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers have equivalent effects on metabolic parameters. Hence manidipine that causes positive effect on insulin resistance (IR) seems to be an effective option. We have reviewed how manidipine is superior to amlodip-ine with regards to improving IR, not seen with amlodipine, along with not causing excessive sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, pulse pressure and ankle edema or to much lesser extent than amlodipine. Therefore, manidipine needs to be the first addition to RAS inhibitors in case of DM's having hypertension of the dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers. Further good blood pressure (BP) control been correlated with good CVs outcomes.
Conclusion: A RAS inhibitor is the first line of choice of drugs in a subject with T2DM who needs to be treated with empagliflozin for better CVOT outcome, and when a 2 nd drug has to be added it is manidipine that is preferred over amlodipine. Plant products are proving to be having a lot of beneficial effects in DM, obesity and hypertension. Thus need for developing agents from plants will prove to be more cost effective in these chronic diseases where compliance is difficult to achieve with the use of common antiDM drugs and antihypertensives with the cost factor along with their side effects.
to high-fat diet (HFD) and that how this could be reversed with various types of therapies.
We searched PubMed articles with the MeSH terms “hypothalamic inflammation”, “gliosis”,
“HFD”, “obesity”, and “treatments” used. During HFD intake, we found that the ventromedial
hypothalamus (VMH) astrocytes uses fatty acids (FA’s) to generate ketone bodies which are
then exported to neurons where they produce excess adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which overrides CD36 mediated FA sensing and role of astrocytederived ketone bodies in reducing calorie intake in diet resistant but not diet-induced obese
strains was emphasized. The further role of HAM-RS2-a special starch, resolvins abscisic acid,
KBH1, unsaturated fatty acid receptor targeting GPR120/GPR40. Hepatic clock genes were
effective in tackling obesity. We found that in rodents hypothalamic inflammation and glioses
were found to occur immediately with HFD consumption before any significant weight gain.
Sensitivity or resistance to diet-induced obesity in rodents also correlates with the presence or
absence of hypothalamic inflammation and reactive glioses. Further functional interventions
with the increase or decrease inflammation in neurons and glia alter diet associated weight gain.
Various human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have found glioses and disrupted
connectivity in obese humans. Various factors which can be used to tackle obesity like HAMRS2-a special starch, resolvins, abscisic acid, KBH1, unsaturated fatty acid receptors, GPR120
and GPR40 are some of the explored routes by which these pathways may be explored to
prevent the further extension of the HFD and one may get newer answers for arresting obesity
development.
pathophysiological conditions have been taken into consideration in recent decades along with
the growing prevalence of obesity. Epidemiological evidence supports the increased risk of
the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, dyslipidemia, type
2 diabetes and some types of cancers with obesity.1
Studies in neurological disorders have also
suggested the potential contribution of obesity in developing structural pathologies in the brain
in different life stages.
significant to public health now and in the future.1
One of the goals of Healthy People 2020
(i.e., Goal NSW-15) is to increase the variety and contribution of vegetables in the dietary
habits of the population, including its youngest members (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014).2
Education efforts fostering the consumption of fruits and vegetables in
young children serve as a catalyst for efforts to combat childhood obesity by helping promote
shifts in dietary patterns with decreased intake of energy-dense foods high in fat and sugars to
foods high in vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. In our work with the U.S. federal food assistance program, Head Start, in the New England region of Western Massachusetts,3
we found
that children were not achieving the recommended F and V intake, and that overweight and
obesity, as well as micronutrient deficiencies (vitamins A and C, and iron), may be prevalent.4
Although the direct correlation between F and V consumption, and lowering of obesity is yet
to be established in this early life-stage, F and V, especially exotic varieties are low-calorie,
low-fat sources of vitamins (vitamin C, carotenoids), minerals, and fiber and provide an array
of phytonutrients and antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory benefits.
study was to determine the PA level in a sample of Italian population.
Methods: In total 957 adults (56% women) aged 19-65 years were randomly recruited. PA was
assessed using the long form of the IPAQ (IPAQ-L). Lifestyle, body weight and height were
obtained by questionnaire.
Results: The total PA was 1610 MET-min/week: subjects were physically more active in the
domestic and garden domain, contrary to transportation and leisure domain. Classifying the
activities on the basis of the intensity, significant differences between sexes were detected for
moderate and vigorous activities; moreover subjects aged 18-30 years had the lowest levels of
PA, while subjects aged >50 had the highest levels. The 86% of the examined population spent
at least 30 minutes of moderate PA on 5 days of the week, adhering to the international recommendations.
to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes via recruiting glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4)
to cell surface. However, neither inositol supplementation nor combination of inositol and soluble fiber supplementation has
been studied in overweight.
on personal health, also increases national health expenditure and medical costs. Currently, weight loss can be achieved through
several medical means, such as gastric bypass surgery, liposuction, or the use of weight loss drugs. However, these options may
lead to side effects or increased mortality. As such, the development of anti-obesity supplements that are natural and safe merits
greater research attention. Garcinia cambogia extract, green coffee bean extract, mulberry leaf extract, chromium yeast, and wakame
extract are known to have the potential to combat obesity and adjust physical constitutions; however, the effect on fat loss of these
agents in a compound supplement has not been researched or discussed.
Having reviewed earlier the role of probiotics in obesity and other associated metabolic disorders like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), engineering probiotics for cholera and other neuronal diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson disease with incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) so much on the rise, Here the aim of this systematic review is to highlight the influence of dietary patterns, like fatty acids, other lipids on role of maternal stress and the neuropsychiatric disease (NPD) formation along with influence of probiotics in reverting them.
Method
A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane reviews, and Google Scholar, Search engine with the MeSH Terms; “Impaired lipid metabolism”; “Oxidative stress”; “inflammation”; “Gut Microbiota (GM)”; “NPD”; “Schizophrenia (SCZ)”; “Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)”; “Bipolar disorders (BD)”; “Gamma amino butyric acid
(GABA)”; “5-hydroxy tryptamine (5HT)”; “Brain derived neutrotrophicfactor (BDNF)”; “Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)”;
“Saturated (SFA)”; “Depression”; “Resolvins”; “Protectins”; “Short chain fatty acids (SCFA)”; “Probiotics”; “Fecal Transplantation” from 1990 till June 2020.
Results
We found a total of 900 articles under various subheadings of GM and NPD and probiotics with NPD and SCZ, ASD. One hundred ninety-two (192) articles got selected for this comprehensive review. No meta-analysis was conducted.
Conclusion
We observed a marked correlation among dietary habits, like utilization of Western diet (WD) with marked escalation of intake of
high fat, high sugar rich diet escalated n6 PUFAS over n3 PUFAS and influence on GM that is not helpful in digestion of the nondigestible fibers in form of starch along with generation of butyrate aiding in certain beneficial effects and on formation of various
neurochemicals like escalation of BDNF while increased GABA, reduced 5HT formation alteration of tryptophan metabolism is
seen in these WD food and we have tried to detail the role of SCFA formation, generation of resolvins and how they work in the
formation of various NPD besides maternal diet during pregnancy and how it determines infants microglial priming and later determinants of early stress.
Methods In 2017, we recruited 320 undergraduate students from Northern Taiwan to participate in a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. Physical activity was measured by the Taiwanese short-form version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, which evaluates an individual's weekly levels of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (VPA) and moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (MPA). Internet addiction was measured by the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS).
Results For the 320 surveyed students, the average CIAS score was 53.3, and 18.13% of participants were at risk for internet addiction (defined as CIAS score >64). The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that a routine of at least 150 min of MPA per week was negatively associated with risk for internet addiction (β=−4.39, 95% CI=[-8.10,-0.66]). No significant associations were observed between internet addiction and 75 min of VPA or 150 min of total physical activity per week. Among the 5 dimensions of the CIAS scale, MPA was negatively associated with tolerance symptoms, time-management problems, and interpersonal and health-related problems when a routine of 150 min per week was adopted.
Conclusion A routine of 150 min of MPA per week was associated with a lower risk for internet addiction. Intervention efforts aimed at reducing undergraduate students' problematic internet use should promote recommended levels of MPA. We also recommend longitudinal research on the effects of engaging in physical activity on the risk of internet addition.
Method: A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed search engine with the MeSH terms: "T2DM"; "essential hyper-tension; "cardiovascular (CV)"; "Complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and antihypertensive"; "Antihypertensive preferred in T2DM subjects"; "Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors"; "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)"; "Angio-tensin receptor blockers (ARBs)"; "Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker"; "β2 blockers"; "Diuretics".
Discussion: Most diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects need a minimum of two antihypertensive drugs, combining a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) inhibitor with a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker seems to be the most indicated approach. But not all dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers have equivalent effects on metabolic parameters. Hence manidipine that causes positive effect on insulin resistance (IR) seems to be an effective option. We have reviewed how manidipine is superior to amlodip-ine with regards to improving IR, not seen with amlodipine, along with not causing excessive sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, pulse pressure and ankle edema or to much lesser extent than amlodipine. Therefore, manidipine needs to be the first addition to RAS inhibitors in case of DM's having hypertension of the dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers. Further good blood pressure (BP) control been correlated with good CVs outcomes.
Conclusion: A RAS inhibitor is the first line of choice of drugs in a subject with T2DM who needs to be treated with empagliflozin for better CVOT outcome, and when a 2 nd drug has to be added it is manidipine that is preferred over amlodipine. Plant products are proving to be having a lot of beneficial effects in DM, obesity and hypertension. Thus need for developing agents from plants will prove to be more cost effective in these chronic diseases where compliance is difficult to achieve with the use of common antiDM drugs and antihypertensives with the cost factor along with their side effects.
to high-fat diet (HFD) and that how this could be reversed with various types of therapies.
We searched PubMed articles with the MeSH terms “hypothalamic inflammation”, “gliosis”,
“HFD”, “obesity”, and “treatments” used. During HFD intake, we found that the ventromedial
hypothalamus (VMH) astrocytes uses fatty acids (FA’s) to generate ketone bodies which are
then exported to neurons where they produce excess adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which overrides CD36 mediated FA sensing and role of astrocytederived ketone bodies in reducing calorie intake in diet resistant but not diet-induced obese
strains was emphasized. The further role of HAM-RS2-a special starch, resolvins abscisic acid,
KBH1, unsaturated fatty acid receptor targeting GPR120/GPR40. Hepatic clock genes were
effective in tackling obesity. We found that in rodents hypothalamic inflammation and glioses
were found to occur immediately with HFD consumption before any significant weight gain.
Sensitivity or resistance to diet-induced obesity in rodents also correlates with the presence or
absence of hypothalamic inflammation and reactive glioses. Further functional interventions
with the increase or decrease inflammation in neurons and glia alter diet associated weight gain.
Various human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have found glioses and disrupted
connectivity in obese humans. Various factors which can be used to tackle obesity like HAMRS2-a special starch, resolvins, abscisic acid, KBH1, unsaturated fatty acid receptors, GPR120
and GPR40 are some of the explored routes by which these pathways may be explored to
prevent the further extension of the HFD and one may get newer answers for arresting obesity
development.
pathophysiological conditions have been taken into consideration in recent decades along with
the growing prevalence of obesity. Epidemiological evidence supports the increased risk of
the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, dyslipidemia, type
2 diabetes and some types of cancers with obesity.1
Studies in neurological disorders have also
suggested the potential contribution of obesity in developing structural pathologies in the brain
in different life stages.
significant to public health now and in the future.1
One of the goals of Healthy People 2020
(i.e., Goal NSW-15) is to increase the variety and contribution of vegetables in the dietary
habits of the population, including its youngest members (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014).2
Education efforts fostering the consumption of fruits and vegetables in
young children serve as a catalyst for efforts to combat childhood obesity by helping promote
shifts in dietary patterns with decreased intake of energy-dense foods high in fat and sugars to
foods high in vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. In our work with the U.S. federal food assistance program, Head Start, in the New England region of Western Massachusetts,3
we found
that children were not achieving the recommended F and V intake, and that overweight and
obesity, as well as micronutrient deficiencies (vitamins A and C, and iron), may be prevalent.4
Although the direct correlation between F and V consumption, and lowering of obesity is yet
to be established in this early life-stage, F and V, especially exotic varieties are low-calorie,
low-fat sources of vitamins (vitamin C, carotenoids), minerals, and fiber and provide an array
of phytonutrients and antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory benefits.
study was to determine the PA level in a sample of Italian population.
Methods: In total 957 adults (56% women) aged 19-65 years were randomly recruited. PA was
assessed using the long form of the IPAQ (IPAQ-L). Lifestyle, body weight and height were
obtained by questionnaire.
Results: The total PA was 1610 MET-min/week: subjects were physically more active in the
domestic and garden domain, contrary to transportation and leisure domain. Classifying the
activities on the basis of the intensity, significant differences between sexes were detected for
moderate and vigorous activities; moreover subjects aged 18-30 years had the lowest levels of
PA, while subjects aged >50 had the highest levels. The 86% of the examined population spent
at least 30 minutes of moderate PA on 5 days of the week, adhering to the international recommendations.