Background: In India dairy farming is a significant part of the rural population, providing not o... more Background: In India dairy farming is a significant part of the rural population, providing not only supplementary income and nutritional standards but also organic manures and draught power. Andhra Pradesh ranks 5th in total milk production in India with an output of 15.04 million metric tonnes and Chittoor district is one of the leading districts for dairy farming in the state. There is an increasing trend in milk production; however, the main drawback faced by the milk producers in dairy farming is the low productivity of milch animals. Assessing the economics of milk production would be extremely beneficial in planning for the improvement of productivity of dairy animals and framing policies to increase the profitability of dairy farms. Methods: Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh was purposively selected for the present investigation. The primary data was collected from 80 respondents of which 40 each from two villages in the year 2021. The economics of milk production and the ...
In the present study, an attempt has been made to test the cost efficiency of cereal crops like p... more In the present study, an attempt has been made to test the cost efficiency of cereal crops like paddy, wheat and maize separately in the state of Bihar using Stochastic Cost Frontier model. It has been tried to determine the determinants of cost inefficiencies. The study is also aimed to know the factors affecting the cost inefficiencies in production of major cereals of the state so as to ascertain proper steps to increase cost efficiency in production. Most important observation emerged that there existed non-linear relationship between cost inefficiency and farm category. Cost inefficiency first increased with the increase of farm size then it decreased. In case of paddy mechanization could negatively affect the cost inefficiency and proportion to family labour in total labour was found positive implying increase in cost inefficiency. But in wheat, family labour showed positive value, indicating thereby increase in cost inefficiency. In case of maize, coefficient of fertilizer us...
The study was conducted during 2018-2019 to explore the impact of male migration innorth-Bihar in... more The study was conducted during 2018-2019 to explore the impact of male migration innorth-Bihar in empowering women in different domain of household decisions. Five domainsnamely agricultural production, asset creation, health care, educational decision of childrenand leadership were considered and women empowerment indices were computed for eachdomain. The result revealed that migration of male member adequately empowered only29.44 per cent of women. Larger proportion of women respondents (43.89%) were foundunder moderately empowered category and 29.67 per cent were observed still under lowempowerment group. Women were adequately empowered in studied area to take decisionsrelated to health care, education and agricultural production. The decision to purchase andsale of assets still was under the jurisdiction of male counterpart as the patriarchal systemstill dominated. The role of women in decision making in all the farm activities, fromselection of crops to the sale of farm produce...
Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particu... more Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particular. In rural India over 15-20% families are landless and about 80% of the land holders belong to small and marginal farm size groups, livestock provides livelihood to two-third of the rural population. Livestock sector provides employment to about 8.8% Indian population. Contribution of livestock sector in GDP was 4.11% and it contributed 25.6% to the Agricultural GDP during 2018-2019. Livestock production constitutes an important component of Agricultural economy in Bihar as it assists in supply of food and nutrition, enhancement of income, livelihood and diversification of agricultural activities. Meanwhile, the livestock sub-sector contributed about 27% to the agricultural GSDP and 5% to state income or GSDP in 2012. Bihar has made great progress in dairy and is recognized for its high milk production from cows, buffalo and goats. Bihar's milk production increased to 92.41 lakh tonnes in 2017-18 from 71.97 lakh tonnes in 2013-14, indicating an annual growth rate of 6.33%, during the five-year period. Productivity of milk per lactating cattle was found comparatively low as compared to others states Like Punjab, Gujarat, UP and MP. Contribution of livestock share in GVOA was found 25.4% in TE-2002-03 and increased to 31% in TE-2013-14 in Bihar whereas, the all-India share of livestock in GVOA stood at 26% in TE 2013-14. The share of meat in the total value of output from livestock sector has declined while that of milk has increased. The share of milk in GVOA has increased from 14% to 23% between TE-2003-04 and TE-2013-14, while at the all-India level; the share of milk in GVOA remained at 17% during the same period. Bihar has immense potential in livestock and dairy sector. If harnessed properly by suitable policy initiatives could be helpful in augmenting income, generating employment and providing nutritional security to state in particular and nation in general.
The present study was conducted to analyze the comparative production performance of vegetable cr... more The present study was conducted to analyze the comparative production performance of vegetable crops in eastern India and India. In this study compound growth rates of vegetable crops and major vegetables like potato, tomato, onion, brinjal, cabbage, cauliflower, okra and pea were calculated byfitting exponential function tovariables like area, production and productivity and tabular analysis was done to arrive at meaningful results. The study was based on macro framed data collected through different published secondary sources like Horticultural statistics of India and Agricultural statistics at a Glance, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. The results pointed out positive growth trends in area, production and productivity of vegetable crops in the region and country during thelast 16 years. Considering remarkable growth trends, vegetable crops may be taken as pathway for income enhancement of farming communities. Being good sources of healthy dietary...
Food security is interlinked with agricultural production. Enhancement in farm productivity and p... more Food security is interlinked with agricultural production. Enhancement in farm productivity and providing diversified demand of food due to growth in per capita income, urbanization and changes in food habit is the major challenges. Study is based on secondary data collected from different published sources for the period from 1988-89 to 2017-18 i.e. for 30 years. Simple tabular analysis and compound growth rates were calculated to draw meaningful conclusion. The findings revealed that growth rate of net sown area for overall period was found negative (-0.05%). In case of gross cropped area, growth rates were found positive for all periods under investigation. The growth was due to more use of land to fulfill the growing demands of food and other agricultural commodities due to rise in population as reflected by growth trend of population. Growth rates for area and production of food grains indicated that area under food grains remained almost stagnant (0.001%) during the period under investigation. But in the last decade production growth was assessed positive (0.41%). Production growth may be attributed to technological change in cultivation practices like use of improved varieties of seeds and use of fertilizers etc. Growth rates of area under cereals were computed to be negative. The reason may be erratic weather condition or may be less remunerative crops or farmers would have shifted cultivated area to high value crops. Due to technological intervention, the productivity was recorded positive. Decrease in area under cereals is of great concern as a study commissioned by the Agriculture Ministry emphasized that given the current rates of population and income growth, India will have to push a growth of 4.2% per annum in cereal production till 2020, instead of the less than 2% as it was achieved in the previous decade.
The present investigation was carried out to estimate growth in area, production and productivity... more The present investigation was carried out to estimate growth in area, production and productivity and resource use efficiency of maize in Bihar. During the first period (1970-71 to 1914-15, the compound growth rate (CGR) of area for maize was estimated to be negative (-0.023%), whereas it was observed positive for both production (1.367%) and productivity (1.385%) indicating thereby increase in production growth on account of rise in productivity with the introduction of rabi maize. Technical efficiencies at state level in maize production were found to be 64% for kharif maize and 71% in rabi maize, indicating thereby production changes by 36% and 29% in kharif and rabi maize are possible to increase with the available technology. Allocative mean efficiencies for kharif and rabi maize were calculated 68% and 65%, revealing the fact that farmers could reduce costs by 32% and 35% by using optimum proportions of inputs considering it’s prices while selecting it’s quantities. Further th...
Endowment of fertile Gangetic alluvial soil and abundant water resources, particularly groundwate... more Endowment of fertile Gangetic alluvial soil and abundant water resources, particularly groundwater resources altogether constitute core components for development of agriculture in Bihar. Efforts have been made in this paper to analyze factors responsible for changes in land use pattern, especially increase in current fallows, shrinking net sown area and shifting of land for non-agricultural purposes in the state. A larger concentration of current fallow lands was accounted for in Gaya, Patna, Purnea, Munger, Jehanabad and Kishanganj districts. The rainfall and road length have significant impact on the level of current fallows. Erratic monsoon and labour scarcity during the study period of present century resulted in accumulation of current fallow lands. It was further observed that the non-agricultural use of land was identified as the dominant factor for changes in common lands as it affected the current fallows negatively. It is a challenging task for policy makers to maximize t...
Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particu... more Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particular. In rural India over 15-20% families are landless and about 80% of the land holders belong to small and marginal farm size groups, livestock provides livelihood to two-third of the rural population. Livestock sector provides employment to about 8.8% Indian population. Contribution of livestock sector in GDP was 4.11% and it contributed 25.6% to the Agricultural GDP during 2018-2019. Livestock production constitutes an important component of Agricultural economy in Bihar as it assists in supply of food and nutrition, enhancement of income, livelihood and diversification of agricultural activities. Meanwhile, the livestock sub-sector contributed about 27% to the agricultural GSDP and 5% to state income or GSDP in 2012. Bihar has made great progress in dairy and is recognized for its high milk production from cows, buffalo and goats. Bihar's milk production increased to 92.41 lakh tonnes in 2017-18 from 71.97 lakh tonnes in 2013-14, indicating an annual growth rate of 6.33%, during the five-year period. Productivity of milk per lactating cattle was found comparatively low as compared to others states Like Punjab, Gujarat, UP and MP. Contribution of livestock share in GVOA was found 25.4% in TE-2002-03 and increased to 31% in TE-2013-14 in Bihar whereas, the all-India share of livestock in GVOA stood at 26% in TE 2013-14. The share of meat in the total value of output from livestock sector has declined while that of milk has increased. The share of milk in GVOA has increased from 14% to 23% between TE-2003-04 and TE-2013-14, while at the all-India level; the share of milk in GVOA remained at 17% during the same period. Bihar has immense potential in livestock and dairy sector. If harnessed properly by suitable policy initiatives could be helpful in augmenting income, generating employment and providing nutritional security to state in particular and nation in general.
Background: In India dairy farming is a significant part of the rural population, providing not o... more Background: In India dairy farming is a significant part of the rural population, providing not only supplementary income and nutritional standards but also organic manures and draught power. Andhra Pradesh ranks 5th in total milk production in India with an output of 15.04 million metric tonnes and Chittoor district is one of the leading districts for dairy farming in the state. There is an increasing trend in milk production; however, the main drawback faced by the milk producers in dairy farming is the low productivity of milch animals. Assessing the economics of milk production would be extremely beneficial in planning for the improvement of productivity of dairy animals and framing policies to increase the profitability of dairy farms. Methods: Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh was purposively selected for the present investigation. The primary data was collected from 80 respondents of which 40 each from two villages in the year 2021. The economics of milk production and the ...
In the present study, an attempt has been made to test the cost efficiency of cereal crops like p... more In the present study, an attempt has been made to test the cost efficiency of cereal crops like paddy, wheat and maize separately in the state of Bihar using Stochastic Cost Frontier model. It has been tried to determine the determinants of cost inefficiencies. The study is also aimed to know the factors affecting the cost inefficiencies in production of major cereals of the state so as to ascertain proper steps to increase cost efficiency in production. Most important observation emerged that there existed non-linear relationship between cost inefficiency and farm category. Cost inefficiency first increased with the increase of farm size then it decreased. In case of paddy mechanization could negatively affect the cost inefficiency and proportion to family labour in total labour was found positive implying increase in cost inefficiency. But in wheat, family labour showed positive value, indicating thereby increase in cost inefficiency. In case of maize, coefficient of fertilizer us...
The study was conducted during 2018-2019 to explore the impact of male migration innorth-Bihar in... more The study was conducted during 2018-2019 to explore the impact of male migration innorth-Bihar in empowering women in different domain of household decisions. Five domainsnamely agricultural production, asset creation, health care, educational decision of childrenand leadership were considered and women empowerment indices were computed for eachdomain. The result revealed that migration of male member adequately empowered only29.44 per cent of women. Larger proportion of women respondents (43.89%) were foundunder moderately empowered category and 29.67 per cent were observed still under lowempowerment group. Women were adequately empowered in studied area to take decisionsrelated to health care, education and agricultural production. The decision to purchase andsale of assets still was under the jurisdiction of male counterpart as the patriarchal systemstill dominated. The role of women in decision making in all the farm activities, fromselection of crops to the sale of farm produce...
Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particu... more Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particular. In rural India over 15-20% families are landless and about 80% of the land holders belong to small and marginal farm size groups, livestock provides livelihood to two-third of the rural population. Livestock sector provides employment to about 8.8% Indian population. Contribution of livestock sector in GDP was 4.11% and it contributed 25.6% to the Agricultural GDP during 2018-2019. Livestock production constitutes an important component of Agricultural economy in Bihar as it assists in supply of food and nutrition, enhancement of income, livelihood and diversification of agricultural activities. Meanwhile, the livestock sub-sector contributed about 27% to the agricultural GSDP and 5% to state income or GSDP in 2012. Bihar has made great progress in dairy and is recognized for its high milk production from cows, buffalo and goats. Bihar's milk production increased to 92.41 lakh tonnes in 2017-18 from 71.97 lakh tonnes in 2013-14, indicating an annual growth rate of 6.33%, during the five-year period. Productivity of milk per lactating cattle was found comparatively low as compared to others states Like Punjab, Gujarat, UP and MP. Contribution of livestock share in GVOA was found 25.4% in TE-2002-03 and increased to 31% in TE-2013-14 in Bihar whereas, the all-India share of livestock in GVOA stood at 26% in TE 2013-14. The share of meat in the total value of output from livestock sector has declined while that of milk has increased. The share of milk in GVOA has increased from 14% to 23% between TE-2003-04 and TE-2013-14, while at the all-India level; the share of milk in GVOA remained at 17% during the same period. Bihar has immense potential in livestock and dairy sector. If harnessed properly by suitable policy initiatives could be helpful in augmenting income, generating employment and providing nutritional security to state in particular and nation in general.
The present study was conducted to analyze the comparative production performance of vegetable cr... more The present study was conducted to analyze the comparative production performance of vegetable crops in eastern India and India. In this study compound growth rates of vegetable crops and major vegetables like potato, tomato, onion, brinjal, cabbage, cauliflower, okra and pea were calculated byfitting exponential function tovariables like area, production and productivity and tabular analysis was done to arrive at meaningful results. The study was based on macro framed data collected through different published secondary sources like Horticultural statistics of India and Agricultural statistics at a Glance, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. The results pointed out positive growth trends in area, production and productivity of vegetable crops in the region and country during thelast 16 years. Considering remarkable growth trends, vegetable crops may be taken as pathway for income enhancement of farming communities. Being good sources of healthy dietary...
Food security is interlinked with agricultural production. Enhancement in farm productivity and p... more Food security is interlinked with agricultural production. Enhancement in farm productivity and providing diversified demand of food due to growth in per capita income, urbanization and changes in food habit is the major challenges. Study is based on secondary data collected from different published sources for the period from 1988-89 to 2017-18 i.e. for 30 years. Simple tabular analysis and compound growth rates were calculated to draw meaningful conclusion. The findings revealed that growth rate of net sown area for overall period was found negative (-0.05%). In case of gross cropped area, growth rates were found positive for all periods under investigation. The growth was due to more use of land to fulfill the growing demands of food and other agricultural commodities due to rise in population as reflected by growth trend of population. Growth rates for area and production of food grains indicated that area under food grains remained almost stagnant (0.001%) during the period under investigation. But in the last decade production growth was assessed positive (0.41%). Production growth may be attributed to technological change in cultivation practices like use of improved varieties of seeds and use of fertilizers etc. Growth rates of area under cereals were computed to be negative. The reason may be erratic weather condition or may be less remunerative crops or farmers would have shifted cultivated area to high value crops. Due to technological intervention, the productivity was recorded positive. Decrease in area under cereals is of great concern as a study commissioned by the Agriculture Ministry emphasized that given the current rates of population and income growth, India will have to push a growth of 4.2% per annum in cereal production till 2020, instead of the less than 2% as it was achieved in the previous decade.
The present investigation was carried out to estimate growth in area, production and productivity... more The present investigation was carried out to estimate growth in area, production and productivity and resource use efficiency of maize in Bihar. During the first period (1970-71 to 1914-15, the compound growth rate (CGR) of area for maize was estimated to be negative (-0.023%), whereas it was observed positive for both production (1.367%) and productivity (1.385%) indicating thereby increase in production growth on account of rise in productivity with the introduction of rabi maize. Technical efficiencies at state level in maize production were found to be 64% for kharif maize and 71% in rabi maize, indicating thereby production changes by 36% and 29% in kharif and rabi maize are possible to increase with the available technology. Allocative mean efficiencies for kharif and rabi maize were calculated 68% and 65%, revealing the fact that farmers could reduce costs by 32% and 35% by using optimum proportions of inputs considering it’s prices while selecting it’s quantities. Further th...
Endowment of fertile Gangetic alluvial soil and abundant water resources, particularly groundwate... more Endowment of fertile Gangetic alluvial soil and abundant water resources, particularly groundwater resources altogether constitute core components for development of agriculture in Bihar. Efforts have been made in this paper to analyze factors responsible for changes in land use pattern, especially increase in current fallows, shrinking net sown area and shifting of land for non-agricultural purposes in the state. A larger concentration of current fallow lands was accounted for in Gaya, Patna, Purnea, Munger, Jehanabad and Kishanganj districts. The rainfall and road length have significant impact on the level of current fallows. Erratic monsoon and labour scarcity during the study period of present century resulted in accumulation of current fallow lands. It was further observed that the non-agricultural use of land was identified as the dominant factor for changes in common lands as it affected the current fallows negatively. It is a challenging task for policy makers to maximize t...
Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particu... more Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particular. In rural India over 15-20% families are landless and about 80% of the land holders belong to small and marginal farm size groups, livestock provides livelihood to two-third of the rural population. Livestock sector provides employment to about 8.8% Indian population. Contribution of livestock sector in GDP was 4.11% and it contributed 25.6% to the Agricultural GDP during 2018-2019. Livestock production constitutes an important component of Agricultural economy in Bihar as it assists in supply of food and nutrition, enhancement of income, livelihood and diversification of agricultural activities. Meanwhile, the livestock sub-sector contributed about 27% to the agricultural GSDP and 5% to state income or GSDP in 2012. Bihar has made great progress in dairy and is recognized for its high milk production from cows, buffalo and goats. Bihar's milk production increased to 92.41 lakh tonnes in 2017-18 from 71.97 lakh tonnes in 2013-14, indicating an annual growth rate of 6.33%, during the five-year period. Productivity of milk per lactating cattle was found comparatively low as compared to others states Like Punjab, Gujarat, UP and MP. Contribution of livestock share in GVOA was found 25.4% in TE-2002-03 and increased to 31% in TE-2013-14 in Bihar whereas, the all-India share of livestock in GVOA stood at 26% in TE 2013-14. The share of meat in the total value of output from livestock sector has declined while that of milk has increased. The share of milk in GVOA has increased from 14% to 23% between TE-2003-04 and TE-2013-14, while at the all-India level; the share of milk in GVOA remained at 17% during the same period. Bihar has immense potential in livestock and dairy sector. If harnessed properly by suitable policy initiatives could be helpful in augmenting income, generating employment and providing nutritional security to state in particular and nation in general.
Uploads
Papers by Nasim Ahmad