JOURNAL OF Near Eastern Studies OCTOBER 1972 * VOLUME 31 - NUMBER 4 EIGHTY-NINTH YEAR UMM EL-JIR,... more JOURNAL OF Near Eastern Studies OCTOBER 1972 * VOLUME 31 - NUMBER 4 EIGHTY-NINTH YEAR UMM EL-JIR, A TOWN IN AKKAD* MCGUIRE GIBSON, University of Chicago ... 15 Private communication from MA Mustafa. Page 3. UMM EL-JIR, A TowN IN AKKAD 239 ...
Dr Matthews was kind enough to show us a draft of the preceding article before publication so tha... more Dr Matthews was kind enough to show us a draft of the preceding article before publication so that we could reply, for which we thank him. Our original article was intended as a review of the problem of the Early Dynastic to Akkadian transition and as a quick general overview of the WF excavation at Nippur, rather than the final statement on either. The point of the article was not to define the Akkadian Period but to make steps towards the identification of an assemblage of material culture (pottery, tablets, objects, and seals) found in levels which are dated to the historical Akkadian Period. That assemblage included pottery types, but we did not suggest that a single pottery type or a few types alone should be the basis for dating; nor would we prefer, as is implied by Matthews, to define a period by pottery as opposed to other objects. What the Nippur WF excavation gave us was a well-stratified sequence of artifacts; and we were careful when suggesting the level at which we might have entered the Akkadian (historical) period not to be adamant about the date of the pertinent level and to precede it with a “transitional” level (Level XVII) which might have been either Early Dynastic or Akkadian. Perhaps we should have been more cautious and extended that transitional label to cover Level XVI as well.
... Graduate seminars in Chicago, including Richard L. Zettler, James A. Armstrong, Guillermo Alg... more ... Graduate seminars in Chicago, including Richard L. Zettler, James A. Armstrong, Guillermo Algaze,Vladimir Lekovic and Margaret Brandt, laid the foundations for this discussion. ... But compare B.Hrouda and K. Karstens, ZA 58 (1964) 255-67 and E. Whelan, JFA 5 (1978) 79-96. ...
... Previous work by various cuneiform scholars other than Professor Gurney, such as D. Kennedy, ... more ... Previous work by various cuneiform scholars other than Professor Gurney, such as D. Kennedy, WG Lambert ... However, in the Neo-Babylonian Period, Kish was no longer said to lie on the Purattu ... that seem later than Ur Archaic but slightly earlier than Fara or Abu Salabikh texts ...
Muzahim Hussein’s 1989 discovery of tombs of Neo-Assyrian queens in the palace of Ashurnasirpal i... more Muzahim Hussein’s 1989 discovery of tombs of Neo-Assyrian queens in the palace of Ashurnasirpal in Nimrud (Kalhu/Calah) was electrifying news for archaeology. Although much is known of the Assyrian kings (8th/9th century BC), very little was known about the queens, with the exception of semi-mythical Semiramis. Now, for the first time, not only were actual remains and burial objects of Assyrian queens discovered, but also names and attempts through curses to protect the burials. Elaborate gold jewelry and other items in the tombs rivaled in quality and quantity that found in Egyptian royal tombs. A short scholarly publication of a few items, as well as limited coverage in the world’s press, gave only hints of the importance of the objects in the tombs. Planned international exhibitions of the treasures from the tombs had to be cancelled due to war and sanctions. Nimrud: A City of Golden Treasures by Hussein and Amer Suleiman (1999), published under extraordinarily difficult conditions, could not do justice to the objects. The present volume, a joint publication of the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage and the Oriental Institute, is a new version of the finding of the tombs and their contents, giving much additional information derived from Hussein’s continued analyses of classes of artifacts, accompanied by numerous full color plates.
JOURNAL OF Near Eastern Studies OCTOBER 1972 * VOLUME 31 - NUMBER 4 EIGHTY-NINTH YEAR UMM EL-JIR,... more JOURNAL OF Near Eastern Studies OCTOBER 1972 * VOLUME 31 - NUMBER 4 EIGHTY-NINTH YEAR UMM EL-JIR, A TOWN IN AKKAD* MCGUIRE GIBSON, University of Chicago ... 15 Private communication from MA Mustafa. Page 3. UMM EL-JIR, A TowN IN AKKAD 239 ...
Dr Matthews was kind enough to show us a draft of the preceding article before publication so tha... more Dr Matthews was kind enough to show us a draft of the preceding article before publication so that we could reply, for which we thank him. Our original article was intended as a review of the problem of the Early Dynastic to Akkadian transition and as a quick general overview of the WF excavation at Nippur, rather than the final statement on either. The point of the article was not to define the Akkadian Period but to make steps towards the identification of an assemblage of material culture (pottery, tablets, objects, and seals) found in levels which are dated to the historical Akkadian Period. That assemblage included pottery types, but we did not suggest that a single pottery type or a few types alone should be the basis for dating; nor would we prefer, as is implied by Matthews, to define a period by pottery as opposed to other objects. What the Nippur WF excavation gave us was a well-stratified sequence of artifacts; and we were careful when suggesting the level at which we might have entered the Akkadian (historical) period not to be adamant about the date of the pertinent level and to precede it with a “transitional” level (Level XVII) which might have been either Early Dynastic or Akkadian. Perhaps we should have been more cautious and extended that transitional label to cover Level XVI as well.
... Graduate seminars in Chicago, including Richard L. Zettler, James A. Armstrong, Guillermo Alg... more ... Graduate seminars in Chicago, including Richard L. Zettler, James A. Armstrong, Guillermo Algaze,Vladimir Lekovic and Margaret Brandt, laid the foundations for this discussion. ... But compare B.Hrouda and K. Karstens, ZA 58 (1964) 255-67 and E. Whelan, JFA 5 (1978) 79-96. ...
... Previous work by various cuneiform scholars other than Professor Gurney, such as D. Kennedy, ... more ... Previous work by various cuneiform scholars other than Professor Gurney, such as D. Kennedy, WG Lambert ... However, in the Neo-Babylonian Period, Kish was no longer said to lie on the Purattu ... that seem later than Ur Archaic but slightly earlier than Fara or Abu Salabikh texts ...
Muzahim Hussein’s 1989 discovery of tombs of Neo-Assyrian queens in the palace of Ashurnasirpal i... more Muzahim Hussein’s 1989 discovery of tombs of Neo-Assyrian queens in the palace of Ashurnasirpal in Nimrud (Kalhu/Calah) was electrifying news for archaeology. Although much is known of the Assyrian kings (8th/9th century BC), very little was known about the queens, with the exception of semi-mythical Semiramis. Now, for the first time, not only were actual remains and burial objects of Assyrian queens discovered, but also names and attempts through curses to protect the burials. Elaborate gold jewelry and other items in the tombs rivaled in quality and quantity that found in Egyptian royal tombs. A short scholarly publication of a few items, as well as limited coverage in the world’s press, gave only hints of the importance of the objects in the tombs. Planned international exhibitions of the treasures from the tombs had to be cancelled due to war and sanctions. Nimrud: A City of Golden Treasures by Hussein and Amer Suleiman (1999), published under extraordinarily difficult conditions, could not do justice to the objects. The present volume, a joint publication of the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage and the Oriental Institute, is a new version of the finding of the tombs and their contents, giving much additional information derived from Hussein’s continued analyses of classes of artifacts, accompanied by numerous full color plates.
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