Purpose: Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities with a significant contribu... more Purpose: Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities with a significant contribution to the growth and well-functioning of Ethiopia’s economy, and to the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers and laborers. Despite its importance, smallholder coffee production and marketing performance have been unsatisfactory due to various reasons. The introduction of voluntary coffee certification schemes such as Fairtrade (FT) and Organic (Org) certification schemes through cooperatives are viewed as mechanisms to overcome the constraints smallholder farmers face in accessing high value coffee markets and earn better income. However, the impacts of these schemes on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers were not analyzed yet. The main purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of joining (FT, Org or dual FT-Org) certified coffee cooperatives on gross annual incomes earned by member farmers. Methodology: The study employed cross-sectional data collected from randoml...
Smallholder farmers who rely on home garden agroforestry are experiencing significant impacts fro... more Smallholder farmers who rely on home garden agroforestry are experiencing significant impacts from climate change. To mitigate these effects, it is crucial for farmers to have access to various adaptation strategies. This study collected data from 384 randomly selected respondents in 18 kebeles over three districts, using descriptive statistics and a multivariate probit model to evaluate the factors influencing smallholder farmers’ decisions on their adaptation strategies against climate change. In Ethiopia’s Gedeo zone, this study found that smallholder farmers employ a range of adaptation methods, including expanding their agroforestry system, implementing modern agriculture techniques, conserving soil and water, diversifying their livelihoods, and employing various coping mechanisms. By analyzing data using the multivariate probit model, this study found several factors that had a significant impact on smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation options. These factors include socia...
This study surveys farmers in the Kersa district, East Hararghe zone, Oromia regional state, Ethi... more This study surveys farmers in the Kersa district, East Hararghe zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, to assess their adaptability and their perceptions of the role of small-scale irrigation in improving resilience to climate change. Data were collected from a sample of 288 randomly selected households (130 adopters and 158 non-adopters of small-scale irrigation). A household survey was used to gather quantitative data, and qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis to generate the resilience capacity index of the households. Analysis revealed that adopters were better off on all indicators of resilience, including access to food and income, assets, agricultural production, stability, and adaptive capacity. The findings also suggest that households with high resilience are more resilient to climate change. These results suggest that small-scale irrigation increases responsivenes...
Background: Ethiopia has comparative advantages in the production of exportable spices due to exi... more Background: Ethiopia has comparative advantages in the production of exportable spices due to existing rich genetic resources, diverse agro-ecological condition and abundant arable land and labour. However, despite their high potential and opportunities for export, most spices including turmeric and korarima are not fully utilized.Objective: This study was intended to analyze the determinants of export performance of major spices (turmeric and Korarima) in Ethiopia.Material and Methods: The random effect GLS gravity model was selected as an analytical tool to estimate the determinant of major spices export performance between Ethiopia and nine sampled spices trade partners using annual panel data collected for a period of 2005 to 2015/2016.Results: The results indicated that Ethiopia's population, foreign direct investment, real exchange rate and institutional quality, the importers' GDP, GDP per capita and population, geographical distance and the dummy variables (COMESA me...
The gap between demand for and supply of food can be minimized by improving productivity either t... more The gap between demand for and supply of food can be minimized by improving productivity either through introduction of modern technologies, reallocation of resources or improving the efficiency of production. It is however almost impossible to increase production by bringing more land and capital resources as they are very limiting in the rural parts of the developing world. Wheat, faba bean (horse bean) and lentil are the three most important crops in the central highlands of Ethiopia and enhancing the farm level efficiency of their production is a crucial component of the food security strategy of the government. This study aims at analyzing level and determinants of production efficiency of these crops by smallholder farmers in North Shewa zone. The study generated data from 480 randomly selected smallholder farmers in the 2015/16 production season. The study estimated, technical, allocative and economic efficiencies using Data Envelopment Analysis technique. The results showed ...
Using the new economics labor migration theory as a theoretical framework and the multinomial tre... more Using the new economics labor migration theory as a theoretical framework and the multinomial treatment effects negative binomial regression as an analytical model in southern Ethiopia, this study investigated the effects of rural out-migration on the intensity of agricultural technology adoption. In the year 2021, data were collected from 415 sample houses using stratified random sampling. Regression analysis showed that while the influence of migration from rural to urban areas is negligible, participation in international migration greatly increases the likelihood of technology adoption in rural families by 38.9%. The intensity of agricultural technology adoption by rural households is negatively and significantly correlated with male-headed households and household age, while the frequency of extension visits, non-farm participation, saving, membership in cooperatives, sales of livestock, and tropical livestock unit are positively and significantly related to the intensity of ag...
Purpose: Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities with a significant contribu... more Purpose: Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities with a significant contribution to the growth and well-functioning of Ethiopia’s economy, and to the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers and laborers. Despite its importance, smallholder coffee production and marketing performance have been unsatisfactory due to various reasons. The introduction of voluntary coffee certification schemes such as Fairtrade (FT) and Organic (Org) certification schemes through cooperatives are viewed as mechanisms to overcome the constraints smallholder farmers face in accessing high value coffee markets and earn better income. However, the impacts of these schemes on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers were not analyzed yet. The main purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of joining (FT, Org or dual FT-Org) certified coffee cooperatives on gross annual incomes earned by member farmers. Methodology: The study employed cross-sectional data collected from randoml...
Smallholder farmers who rely on home garden agroforestry are experiencing significant impacts fro... more Smallholder farmers who rely on home garden agroforestry are experiencing significant impacts from climate change. To mitigate these effects, it is crucial for farmers to have access to various adaptation strategies. This study collected data from 384 randomly selected respondents in 18 kebeles over three districts, using descriptive statistics and a multivariate probit model to evaluate the factors influencing smallholder farmers’ decisions on their adaptation strategies against climate change. In Ethiopia’s Gedeo zone, this study found that smallholder farmers employ a range of adaptation methods, including expanding their agroforestry system, implementing modern agriculture techniques, conserving soil and water, diversifying their livelihoods, and employing various coping mechanisms. By analyzing data using the multivariate probit model, this study found several factors that had a significant impact on smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation options. These factors include socia...
This study surveys farmers in the Kersa district, East Hararghe zone, Oromia regional state, Ethi... more This study surveys farmers in the Kersa district, East Hararghe zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, to assess their adaptability and their perceptions of the role of small-scale irrigation in improving resilience to climate change. Data were collected from a sample of 288 randomly selected households (130 adopters and 158 non-adopters of small-scale irrigation). A household survey was used to gather quantitative data, and qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis to generate the resilience capacity index of the households. Analysis revealed that adopters were better off on all indicators of resilience, including access to food and income, assets, agricultural production, stability, and adaptive capacity. The findings also suggest that households with high resilience are more resilient to climate change. These results suggest that small-scale irrigation increases responsivenes...
Background: Ethiopia has comparative advantages in the production of exportable spices due to exi... more Background: Ethiopia has comparative advantages in the production of exportable spices due to existing rich genetic resources, diverse agro-ecological condition and abundant arable land and labour. However, despite their high potential and opportunities for export, most spices including turmeric and korarima are not fully utilized.Objective: This study was intended to analyze the determinants of export performance of major spices (turmeric and Korarima) in Ethiopia.Material and Methods: The random effect GLS gravity model was selected as an analytical tool to estimate the determinant of major spices export performance between Ethiopia and nine sampled spices trade partners using annual panel data collected for a period of 2005 to 2015/2016.Results: The results indicated that Ethiopia's population, foreign direct investment, real exchange rate and institutional quality, the importers' GDP, GDP per capita and population, geographical distance and the dummy variables (COMESA me...
The gap between demand for and supply of food can be minimized by improving productivity either t... more The gap between demand for and supply of food can be minimized by improving productivity either through introduction of modern technologies, reallocation of resources or improving the efficiency of production. It is however almost impossible to increase production by bringing more land and capital resources as they are very limiting in the rural parts of the developing world. Wheat, faba bean (horse bean) and lentil are the three most important crops in the central highlands of Ethiopia and enhancing the farm level efficiency of their production is a crucial component of the food security strategy of the government. This study aims at analyzing level and determinants of production efficiency of these crops by smallholder farmers in North Shewa zone. The study generated data from 480 randomly selected smallholder farmers in the 2015/16 production season. The study estimated, technical, allocative and economic efficiencies using Data Envelopment Analysis technique. The results showed ...
Using the new economics labor migration theory as a theoretical framework and the multinomial tre... more Using the new economics labor migration theory as a theoretical framework and the multinomial treatment effects negative binomial regression as an analytical model in southern Ethiopia, this study investigated the effects of rural out-migration on the intensity of agricultural technology adoption. In the year 2021, data were collected from 415 sample houses using stratified random sampling. Regression analysis showed that while the influence of migration from rural to urban areas is negligible, participation in international migration greatly increases the likelihood of technology adoption in rural families by 38.9%. The intensity of agricultural technology adoption by rural households is negatively and significantly correlated with male-headed households and household age, while the frequency of extension visits, non-farm participation, saving, membership in cooperatives, sales of livestock, and tropical livestock unit are positively and significantly related to the intensity of ag...
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