IntroductionThe use of florfenicol must follow particular pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD)... more IntroductionThe use of florfenicol must follow particular pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) ratios, i.e., it requires achieving serum concentrations at or slightly above the pathogen's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) during the dosing interval and that the ratio of area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC)/MIC should be as high as possible (still undetermined for poultry). As an alternative to the standard soluble florfenicol that is administered to the flock through drinking water, florfenicol premix is often recommended as feed medication in Latin America. However, no particular pharmaceutical design has been proposed.MethodsThis study compared the PK of two preparations of florfenicol in broiler chickens and pondered the possibility of each covering the referred PK-PD ratios as predictors of clinical efficacy. The preparations comprise a pharmaceutical form as FOLA pellets (F = bioavailability; O = optimum; and LA = long-acting) and the premix formulation...
A clinical trial was performed to assess clinical efficacy and/or reduction in relapses by gold-b... more A clinical trial was performed to assess clinical efficacy and/or reduction in relapses by gold-bead implantation into acupuncture points in dogs with canine chronic recurrent otitis externa (CCROE). Forty dog-patients randomly divided into two groups were diagnosed as suffering CCROE, having intact tympanic membranes and a history of recurrences. Treatments were: control group (CG), treated with commercially available antimicrobial otic droplets, dosed twice daily for 7 days; and experimental group (GBI- gold bead implants), treated as for CG plus the insertion of 13 gold-bead implants under light anesthesia. Overall per cent assessment of composite clinical progression and progression of individual clinical signs were recorded. Bilateral chronic external otitis was diagnosed in 60% of the cases and left or right otitis in 20% of the cases each. Logistic model for repeated measures analysis showed that GBI induced a better clinical recovery as far as lesion score of some clinical s...
SE REALIZARON DOS FASES PARA EVALUAR LA FACTIBILIDAD DE LA INDUCCION A LA ANESTESIA GENERAL CON L... more SE REALIZARON DOS FASES PARA EVALUAR LA FACTIBILIDAD DE LA INDUCCION A LA ANESTESIA GENERAL CON LA ADMINISTRACION INTRAVENOSA DE ISOFLUORANO. PARA LA FASE I, IN VITRO, SE UTILIZO SANGRE DE EQUINOS HEPARINIZADA, Y PARA LA FASE II, IN VIVO, SE UTILIZARON CINCO POTROS. LOS RESULTADOS DE LA FASE IN VITRO MOSTRARON CAMBIOS EN LOS VALORES DE HEMATOCRITO (HCT), GLOBULOS ROJOS (GR), GLOBULOS BLANCOS (GB) Y CONCENTRACION DE HEMOGLOBINA CORPUSCULAR MEDIA (CHCM). SIN EMBARGO, NO HUBO DANO IMPORTANTE EN LA INTEGRIDAD DE LAS CELULAS SANGUINEAS, POR LO QUE SE CONTINUO CON EL DESARROLLO DE LA FASE IN VIVO, CUYOS VALORES HEMATICOS ANTES Y DESPUES DE LA ADMINISTRACION DE ISOFLURANO FUERON DIFERENTES UNICAMENTE PARA LA DOSIS DE 0.01 ML DE ISOFLURANO/KG DE PESO CORPORAL. NO SE VIERON AFECTADAS LAS RESPUESTAS DE LAS VARIABLES FISIOLOGICAS POR LAS DIFERENTES DOSIS DE ISOFLURANO. LAS VARIABLES CLINICAS (TIEMPO ANTES DE QUE EL ANIMAL SE LEVANTE Y TIEMPO TOTAL ACOSTADO) FUERON DIFERENTES CON LAS DOSIS DE 0...
SE ESTABLECIERON LAS VARIABLES FARMACOCINETICAS EN BOVINOS, DE UNA CEFALONA PERTENECIENTE A UN NU... more SE ESTABLECIERON LAS VARIABLES FARMACOCINETICAS EN BOVINOS, DE UNA CEFALONA PERTENECIENTE A UN NUEVO GRUPO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS DE DISENO NACIONAL Y CON PATENTE INTERNACIONAL. CON ESTE PROPOSITO SE UTILIZARON 24 VACAS HOLSTEIN DIVIDIDAS EN CUTRO GRUPOS DE SEIS VACAS CADA UNO. EL GRUPO 1 RECIBIO UNA DOSIS DE CEFALONA DE 10 MG/KG DE PESO DOSIS DE 5 MG/KG VIA IV; EL GRUPO 4, DOSIS SIMILAR, VIA IM. A TODOS LOS ANIMALES SE LES TOMARON MUESTRAS DE SANGRE POR PUNCION DE LA VENA YUGULAR A DIFERENTES TIEMPOS HASTA LAS 8 H. PARA EL ANALISIS DE MUESTRAS SE UTILIZO ESPECTROMETRIA (UV-VISIBLE) Y CROMATOGRAFIA LIQUIDA DE ALTA RESOLUCION (HPLC). LAS RELACIONES DE CONCENTRACION PLASMATICAS/TIEMPO EN LOS CUATRO GRUPOS SE AJUSTARON MEJOR A UN MODELO ABIERTO DE DOS COMPARTIMENTOS. SE DETECTO QUE LA CEFALONA SE COMPORTA CON UNA CINETICA DE PRIMER ORDEN A LAS DOSIS UTILIZADAS. LOS DATOS CINETICOS REVELAN QUE POSEE UNA BIODISPONIBILIDAD DEL 84% POR LA VIA IM (GRUPOS 2 Y H, CON UN VOLUMEN APARENTE DE DISTRI...
To date, the necessary pharmacokinetic information has been limited to establish suitable therape... more To date, the necessary pharmacokinetic information has been limited to establish suitable therapeutic plans for freshwater crocodiles. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of the oxytetracycline long-acting formulation (OTC-LA) in the freshwater crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis, following a single intramuscular (i.m.) administration at three different dosages of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 216 h after i.m. administration at the three different dosages. The plasma concentrations of OTC were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The Cmax (± SD) values of OTC were 2.15 ± 0.51 µg/mL, 7.68 ± 1.08 µg/mL and 17.08 ± 2.09 µg/mL at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The elimination half-life values were 33.59 ± 2.51 h, 38.42 ± 5.47 h and 38.04 ± 1.98 h at dosages of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively. Based on the pharmac...
SE REALIZARON DOS FASES PARA EVALUAR LA FACTIBILIDAD DE LA INDUCCION A LA ANESTESIA GENERAL CON L... more SE REALIZARON DOS FASES PARA EVALUAR LA FACTIBILIDAD DE LA INDUCCION A LA ANESTESIA GENERAL CON LA ADMINISTRACION INTRAVENOSA DE ISOFLUORANO. PARA LA FASE I, IN VITRO, SE UTILIZO SANGRE DE EQUINOS HEPARINIZADA, Y PARA LA FASE II, IN VIVO, SE UTILIZARON CINCO POTROS. LOS RESULTADOS DE LA FASE IN VITRO MOSTRARON CAMBIOS EN LOS VALORES DE HEMATOCRITO (HCT), GLOBULOS ROJOS (GR), GLOBULOS BLANCOS (GB) Y CONCENTRACION DE HEMOGLOBINA CORPUSCULAR MEDIA (CHCM). SIN EMBARGO, NO HUBO DANO IMPORTANTE EN LA INTEGRIDAD DE LAS CELULAS SANGUINEAS, POR LO QUE SE CONTINUO CON EL DESARROLLO DE LA FASE IN VIVO, CUYOS VALORES HEMATICOS ANTES Y DESPUES DE LA ADMINISTRACION DE ISOFLURANO FUERON DIFERENTES UNICAMENTE PARA LA DOSIS DE 0.01 ML DE ISOFLURANO/KG DE PESO CORPORAL. NO SE VIERON AFECTADAS LAS RESPUESTAS DE LAS VARIABLES FISIOLOGICAS POR LAS DIFERENTES DOSIS DE ISOFLURANO. LAS VARIABLES CLINICAS (TIEMPO ANTES DE QUE EL ANIMAL SE LEVANTE Y TIEMPO TOTAL ACOSTADO) FUERON DIFERENTES CON LAS DOSIS DE 0...
SE ESTABLECIERON LAS VARIABLES FARMACOCINETICAS EN BOVINOS, DE UNA CEFALONA PERTENECIENTE A UN NU... more SE ESTABLECIERON LAS VARIABLES FARMACOCINETICAS EN BOVINOS, DE UNA CEFALONA PERTENECIENTE A UN NUEVO GRUPO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS DE DISENO NACIONAL Y CON PATENTE INTERNACIONAL. CON ESTE PROPOSITO SE UTILIZARON 24 VACAS HOLSTEIN DIVIDIDAS EN CUTRO GRUPOS DE SEIS VACAS CADA UNO. EL GRUPO 1 RECIBIO UNA DOSIS DE CEFALONA DE 10 MG/KG DE PESO DOSIS DE 5 MG/KG VIA IV; EL GRUPO 4, DOSIS SIMILAR, VIA IM. A TODOS LOS ANIMALES SE LES TOMARON MUESTRAS DE SANGRE POR PUNCION DE LA VENA YUGULAR A DIFERENTES TIEMPOS HASTA LAS 8 H. PARA EL ANALISIS DE MUESTRAS SE UTILIZO ESPECTROMETRIA (UV-VISIBLE) Y CROMATOGRAFIA LIQUIDA DE ALTA RESOLUCION (HPLC). LAS RELACIONES DE CONCENTRACION PLASMATICAS/TIEMPO EN LOS CUATRO GRUPOS SE AJUSTARON MEJOR A UN MODELO ABIERTO DE DOS COMPARTIMENTOS. SE DETECTO QUE LA CEFALONA SE COMPORTA CON UNA CINETICA DE PRIMER ORDEN A LAS DOSIS UTILIZADAS. LOS DATOS CINETICOS REVELAN QUE POSEE UNA BIODISPONIBILIDAD DEL 84% POR LA VIA IM (GRUPOS 2 Y H, CON UN VOLUMEN APARENTE DE DISTRI...
A novel four-week stable experimental formulation of propofol lacking phospholipids (PMICRO) was ... more A novel four-week stable experimental formulation of propofol lacking phospholipids (PMICRO) was assessed as an anesthetic agent in dogs and compared to the customary preparation of propofol that contains phospholipids (PMACRO). Forty healthy mixed-breed dogs were included in this study and randomly assigned (blocking by sex and age), to receive 5 mg/kg of one of these two pharmaceutical propofol preparations, by intravenous injection. Basal and post anesthetic blood biochemical parameters were measured. Also, cardiovascular and respiratory rates were recorded. Onset, duration and recovery from anesthesia, were documented as well. Overall, IV administration of PMICRO induces a short duration anesthesia with rapid recovery in a similar manner to anesthesia achieved with the customary propofol preparation (PMACRO). Because PMICRO lacks phospholipids, it may allow a longer storage time, decreasing the likeliness of accidental administration of contaminated propofol.
There is a concern about the frequent use of ciprofloxacin in veterinary medicine is linked to in... more There is a concern about the frequent use of ciprofloxacin in veterinary medicine is linked to increased antimicrobial resistance. The corresponding fluoroquinolone for veterinary use is enrofloxacin. A new solvate form of enrofloxacin, as dihydrate-hydrochloride (enro-C) with higher water solubility than the parent compound, was formulated as an ophthalmic solution (pH 5). A multicentre, longitudinal, non-inferiority clinical study in a non-hospital environment was designed to treat 36 dogs affected by tobramycin-unresponsive conjunctivitis with either the experimental 0.5% enro-C ophthalmic preparation (enro-CG) or a commercial preparation of ciprofloxacin (cipro-G). Other causes of conjunctivitis were ruled out. Pathogens were isolated and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies of tobramycin were carried out. Three blocks of bacterial resistance were set up, beginning at the established breakpoint i.e., 4 µg/mL; 8 µg/mL and 16 µg/mL. Eighteen dogs were randomly assigned t...
IntroductionThe use of florfenicol must follow particular pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD)... more IntroductionThe use of florfenicol must follow particular pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) ratios, i.e., it requires achieving serum concentrations at or slightly above the pathogen's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) during the dosing interval and that the ratio of area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC)/MIC should be as high as possible (still undetermined for poultry). As an alternative to the standard soluble florfenicol that is administered to the flock through drinking water, florfenicol premix is often recommended as feed medication in Latin America. However, no particular pharmaceutical design has been proposed.MethodsThis study compared the PK of two preparations of florfenicol in broiler chickens and pondered the possibility of each covering the referred PK-PD ratios as predictors of clinical efficacy. The preparations comprise a pharmaceutical form as FOLA pellets (F = bioavailability; O = optimum; and LA = long-acting) and the premix formulation...
A clinical trial was performed to assess clinical efficacy and/or reduction in relapses by gold-b... more A clinical trial was performed to assess clinical efficacy and/or reduction in relapses by gold-bead implantation into acupuncture points in dogs with canine chronic recurrent otitis externa (CCROE). Forty dog-patients randomly divided into two groups were diagnosed as suffering CCROE, having intact tympanic membranes and a history of recurrences. Treatments were: control group (CG), treated with commercially available antimicrobial otic droplets, dosed twice daily for 7 days; and experimental group (GBI- gold bead implants), treated as for CG plus the insertion of 13 gold-bead implants under light anesthesia. Overall per cent assessment of composite clinical progression and progression of individual clinical signs were recorded. Bilateral chronic external otitis was diagnosed in 60% of the cases and left or right otitis in 20% of the cases each. Logistic model for repeated measures analysis showed that GBI induced a better clinical recovery as far as lesion score of some clinical s...
SE REALIZARON DOS FASES PARA EVALUAR LA FACTIBILIDAD DE LA INDUCCION A LA ANESTESIA GENERAL CON L... more SE REALIZARON DOS FASES PARA EVALUAR LA FACTIBILIDAD DE LA INDUCCION A LA ANESTESIA GENERAL CON LA ADMINISTRACION INTRAVENOSA DE ISOFLUORANO. PARA LA FASE I, IN VITRO, SE UTILIZO SANGRE DE EQUINOS HEPARINIZADA, Y PARA LA FASE II, IN VIVO, SE UTILIZARON CINCO POTROS. LOS RESULTADOS DE LA FASE IN VITRO MOSTRARON CAMBIOS EN LOS VALORES DE HEMATOCRITO (HCT), GLOBULOS ROJOS (GR), GLOBULOS BLANCOS (GB) Y CONCENTRACION DE HEMOGLOBINA CORPUSCULAR MEDIA (CHCM). SIN EMBARGO, NO HUBO DANO IMPORTANTE EN LA INTEGRIDAD DE LAS CELULAS SANGUINEAS, POR LO QUE SE CONTINUO CON EL DESARROLLO DE LA FASE IN VIVO, CUYOS VALORES HEMATICOS ANTES Y DESPUES DE LA ADMINISTRACION DE ISOFLURANO FUERON DIFERENTES UNICAMENTE PARA LA DOSIS DE 0.01 ML DE ISOFLURANO/KG DE PESO CORPORAL. NO SE VIERON AFECTADAS LAS RESPUESTAS DE LAS VARIABLES FISIOLOGICAS POR LAS DIFERENTES DOSIS DE ISOFLURANO. LAS VARIABLES CLINICAS (TIEMPO ANTES DE QUE EL ANIMAL SE LEVANTE Y TIEMPO TOTAL ACOSTADO) FUERON DIFERENTES CON LAS DOSIS DE 0...
SE ESTABLECIERON LAS VARIABLES FARMACOCINETICAS EN BOVINOS, DE UNA CEFALONA PERTENECIENTE A UN NU... more SE ESTABLECIERON LAS VARIABLES FARMACOCINETICAS EN BOVINOS, DE UNA CEFALONA PERTENECIENTE A UN NUEVO GRUPO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS DE DISENO NACIONAL Y CON PATENTE INTERNACIONAL. CON ESTE PROPOSITO SE UTILIZARON 24 VACAS HOLSTEIN DIVIDIDAS EN CUTRO GRUPOS DE SEIS VACAS CADA UNO. EL GRUPO 1 RECIBIO UNA DOSIS DE CEFALONA DE 10 MG/KG DE PESO DOSIS DE 5 MG/KG VIA IV; EL GRUPO 4, DOSIS SIMILAR, VIA IM. A TODOS LOS ANIMALES SE LES TOMARON MUESTRAS DE SANGRE POR PUNCION DE LA VENA YUGULAR A DIFERENTES TIEMPOS HASTA LAS 8 H. PARA EL ANALISIS DE MUESTRAS SE UTILIZO ESPECTROMETRIA (UV-VISIBLE) Y CROMATOGRAFIA LIQUIDA DE ALTA RESOLUCION (HPLC). LAS RELACIONES DE CONCENTRACION PLASMATICAS/TIEMPO EN LOS CUATRO GRUPOS SE AJUSTARON MEJOR A UN MODELO ABIERTO DE DOS COMPARTIMENTOS. SE DETECTO QUE LA CEFALONA SE COMPORTA CON UNA CINETICA DE PRIMER ORDEN A LAS DOSIS UTILIZADAS. LOS DATOS CINETICOS REVELAN QUE POSEE UNA BIODISPONIBILIDAD DEL 84% POR LA VIA IM (GRUPOS 2 Y H, CON UN VOLUMEN APARENTE DE DISTRI...
To date, the necessary pharmacokinetic information has been limited to establish suitable therape... more To date, the necessary pharmacokinetic information has been limited to establish suitable therapeutic plans for freshwater crocodiles. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of the oxytetracycline long-acting formulation (OTC-LA) in the freshwater crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis, following a single intramuscular (i.m.) administration at three different dosages of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 216 h after i.m. administration at the three different dosages. The plasma concentrations of OTC were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The Cmax (± SD) values of OTC were 2.15 ± 0.51 µg/mL, 7.68 ± 1.08 µg/mL and 17.08 ± 2.09 µg/mL at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The elimination half-life values were 33.59 ± 2.51 h, 38.42 ± 5.47 h and 38.04 ± 1.98 h at dosages of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively. Based on the pharmac...
SE REALIZARON DOS FASES PARA EVALUAR LA FACTIBILIDAD DE LA INDUCCION A LA ANESTESIA GENERAL CON L... more SE REALIZARON DOS FASES PARA EVALUAR LA FACTIBILIDAD DE LA INDUCCION A LA ANESTESIA GENERAL CON LA ADMINISTRACION INTRAVENOSA DE ISOFLUORANO. PARA LA FASE I, IN VITRO, SE UTILIZO SANGRE DE EQUINOS HEPARINIZADA, Y PARA LA FASE II, IN VIVO, SE UTILIZARON CINCO POTROS. LOS RESULTADOS DE LA FASE IN VITRO MOSTRARON CAMBIOS EN LOS VALORES DE HEMATOCRITO (HCT), GLOBULOS ROJOS (GR), GLOBULOS BLANCOS (GB) Y CONCENTRACION DE HEMOGLOBINA CORPUSCULAR MEDIA (CHCM). SIN EMBARGO, NO HUBO DANO IMPORTANTE EN LA INTEGRIDAD DE LAS CELULAS SANGUINEAS, POR LO QUE SE CONTINUO CON EL DESARROLLO DE LA FASE IN VIVO, CUYOS VALORES HEMATICOS ANTES Y DESPUES DE LA ADMINISTRACION DE ISOFLURANO FUERON DIFERENTES UNICAMENTE PARA LA DOSIS DE 0.01 ML DE ISOFLURANO/KG DE PESO CORPORAL. NO SE VIERON AFECTADAS LAS RESPUESTAS DE LAS VARIABLES FISIOLOGICAS POR LAS DIFERENTES DOSIS DE ISOFLURANO. LAS VARIABLES CLINICAS (TIEMPO ANTES DE QUE EL ANIMAL SE LEVANTE Y TIEMPO TOTAL ACOSTADO) FUERON DIFERENTES CON LAS DOSIS DE 0...
SE ESTABLECIERON LAS VARIABLES FARMACOCINETICAS EN BOVINOS, DE UNA CEFALONA PERTENECIENTE A UN NU... more SE ESTABLECIERON LAS VARIABLES FARMACOCINETICAS EN BOVINOS, DE UNA CEFALONA PERTENECIENTE A UN NUEVO GRUPO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS DE DISENO NACIONAL Y CON PATENTE INTERNACIONAL. CON ESTE PROPOSITO SE UTILIZARON 24 VACAS HOLSTEIN DIVIDIDAS EN CUTRO GRUPOS DE SEIS VACAS CADA UNO. EL GRUPO 1 RECIBIO UNA DOSIS DE CEFALONA DE 10 MG/KG DE PESO DOSIS DE 5 MG/KG VIA IV; EL GRUPO 4, DOSIS SIMILAR, VIA IM. A TODOS LOS ANIMALES SE LES TOMARON MUESTRAS DE SANGRE POR PUNCION DE LA VENA YUGULAR A DIFERENTES TIEMPOS HASTA LAS 8 H. PARA EL ANALISIS DE MUESTRAS SE UTILIZO ESPECTROMETRIA (UV-VISIBLE) Y CROMATOGRAFIA LIQUIDA DE ALTA RESOLUCION (HPLC). LAS RELACIONES DE CONCENTRACION PLASMATICAS/TIEMPO EN LOS CUATRO GRUPOS SE AJUSTARON MEJOR A UN MODELO ABIERTO DE DOS COMPARTIMENTOS. SE DETECTO QUE LA CEFALONA SE COMPORTA CON UNA CINETICA DE PRIMER ORDEN A LAS DOSIS UTILIZADAS. LOS DATOS CINETICOS REVELAN QUE POSEE UNA BIODISPONIBILIDAD DEL 84% POR LA VIA IM (GRUPOS 2 Y H, CON UN VOLUMEN APARENTE DE DISTRI...
A novel four-week stable experimental formulation of propofol lacking phospholipids (PMICRO) was ... more A novel four-week stable experimental formulation of propofol lacking phospholipids (PMICRO) was assessed as an anesthetic agent in dogs and compared to the customary preparation of propofol that contains phospholipids (PMACRO). Forty healthy mixed-breed dogs were included in this study and randomly assigned (blocking by sex and age), to receive 5 mg/kg of one of these two pharmaceutical propofol preparations, by intravenous injection. Basal and post anesthetic blood biochemical parameters were measured. Also, cardiovascular and respiratory rates were recorded. Onset, duration and recovery from anesthesia, were documented as well. Overall, IV administration of PMICRO induces a short duration anesthesia with rapid recovery in a similar manner to anesthesia achieved with the customary propofol preparation (PMACRO). Because PMICRO lacks phospholipids, it may allow a longer storage time, decreasing the likeliness of accidental administration of contaminated propofol.
There is a concern about the frequent use of ciprofloxacin in veterinary medicine is linked to in... more There is a concern about the frequent use of ciprofloxacin in veterinary medicine is linked to increased antimicrobial resistance. The corresponding fluoroquinolone for veterinary use is enrofloxacin. A new solvate form of enrofloxacin, as dihydrate-hydrochloride (enro-C) with higher water solubility than the parent compound, was formulated as an ophthalmic solution (pH 5). A multicentre, longitudinal, non-inferiority clinical study in a non-hospital environment was designed to treat 36 dogs affected by tobramycin-unresponsive conjunctivitis with either the experimental 0.5% enro-C ophthalmic preparation (enro-CG) or a commercial preparation of ciprofloxacin (cipro-G). Other causes of conjunctivitis were ruled out. Pathogens were isolated and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies of tobramycin were carried out. Three blocks of bacterial resistance were set up, beginning at the established breakpoint i.e., 4 µg/mL; 8 µg/mL and 16 µg/mL. Eighteen dogs were randomly assigned t...
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