The transformer (tra) gene appears to act as the genetic switch that promotes female development ... more The transformer (tra) gene appears to act as the genetic switch that promotes female development by interaction with the transformer2 (tra-2) gene in several dipteran species including the Medfly, housefly and Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we describe the isolation, expression and function of tra and tra-2 in the economically important agricultural pest, the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Bdtra and Bdtra-2 are similar to their homologs from other tephritid species. Bdtra demonstrated sex-specific transcripts: one transcript in females and two transcripts in males. In contrast, Bdtra-2 only had one transcript that was common to males and females, which was transcribed continuously in different adult tissues and developmental stages. Bdtra-2 and the female form of Bdtra were maternally inherited in eggs, whereas the male form of Bdtra was not detectable until embryos of 1 and 2 h after egg laying. Function analyses of Bdtra and Bdtra-2 indicated that both ...
ABSTRACT 6‐Hydroxy‐5‐isopropyl‐3,8‐dimethyl‐4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐hexahydronaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one (HHO) is ... more ABSTRACT 6‐Hydroxy‐5‐isopropyl‐3,8‐dimethyl‐4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐hexahydronaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one (HHO) is an allelopathic substance that is related to allelochemical metabolism in Eupatorium adenophorum. In this study, the full‐length complementary DNA of two phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) genes and a fragment of the cinnamate 4‐hydroxylase (CA4H) gene from E. adenophorum (Ea) were cloned. The expression of all three genes was increased by the HHO treatment, with varying sensitivity: EaPAL2 > EaPAL1 > EaCA4H. Southern blotting suggested that there is a third member of the PAL gene family in this species.
The effects of heat shock on survival and reproduction of two whitefly species, Trialeurodes vapo... more The effects of heat shock on survival and reproduction of two whitefly species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), were compared in the laboratory. Whitefly adults were exposed to 26 (control), 37, 39, 41, 43 and 45°C for 1 hour, and were then maintained at 26°C. Adult survival was significantly affected when they were exposed
In this study, conserved sequence regions of HMGR, DXR, and CHS (encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylgluta... more In this study, conserved sequence regions of HMGR, DXR, and CHS (encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase and chalcone synthase, respectively) were amplified by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR from Eupatorium adenophorum. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression of CHS was related to the level of HHO, an allelochemical isolated from E. adenophorum. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that there was no significant difference in expression of genes among three different tissues, except for CHS. Southern blotting indicated that at least three CHS genes are present in the E. adenophorum genome. A full-length cDNA from CHS genes (named EaCHS1, GenBank ID: FJ913888) was cloned. The 1,455 bp cDNA contained an open reading frame (1,206 bp) encoding a protein of 401 amino acids. Preliminary bioinformatics analysis of EaCHS1 revealed that EaCHS1 was a member of CHS family, the subcellular localization predicted that EaCHS1 was a c...
The performance of Alopecosa pulverulenta that preyed on Aphis gossypii supplied with the transge... more The performance of Alopecosa pulverulenta that preyed on Aphis gossypii supplied with the transgenic cotton cultivar SGK321 (GM; with Cry 1 Ac and CpT1) was studied. A. pulverulenta exhibited greater survival and development when they were fed with aphids and fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) alternately than when fed on aphids alone. When only the aphids were supplied under limited or unlimited feeding regimes, the effect on A. pulverulenta was the same whether the aphids were reared on GM or non-GM cotton. In the unlimited feeding experiment, A. pulverulenta exhibited greater survival when it was fed with aphids from GM cotton and fruit flies alternately, compared with that fed on aphids from non-GM cotton and fruit flies alternately. The body mass of A. pulverulenta did not significantly vary between the 2 treatments. The results indicated that GM cotton had no adverse effects on the survival and development of A. pulverulenta
Science in China. Series C, Life sciences / Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2009
The nutrient composition and enzyme activities in larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua ... more The nutrient composition and enzyme activities in larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), fed on high, medium or low gossypol cotton cultivars were examined at different time intervals. Significantly lower free fatty acid was observed in larvae fed for 6 h on high gossypol 'M9101' compared to larvae fed on the low (ZMS13) and intermediate (HZ401) gossypol cultivars. Significantly higher trypsin activity was observed in larvae fed on high gossypol 'M9101' for 24 h compared to those fed for 1, 4 and 6 h. Significantly higher catalase and total superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were observed in larvae of S. exigua fed on high gossypol 'M9101' compared with low gossypol cultivars 'ZMS13' and 'HZ401' for 1, 4, 6 and 24 h. However, significantly lower carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activities were found in larvae fed on high gossypol 'M9101' compared with the other cultivars for 1, 4, 6 and 24 h. The i...
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban, 2003
There may be several ecological impacts induced by transgenic cottons, apart from their direct im... more There may be several ecological impacts induced by transgenic cottons, apart from their direct impact on target pest. The interactions between target insect and transgenic cotton, and the way of toxic expressed by transgenic cotton varied with plant spatial parts and different growing stages are regarded as the main cause for insect to develop resistance. In transgenic cotton field, although chemicals applied to control major insect pest could be reduced greatly, insect community structure including insect pests and beneficial organisms is less stable than that of regular cotton field. It is much easier for minor insect pests developing to be major pest. In order to full utilization of transgenic cottons and keep their efficiency on target pest, methods including integrated pest management and breeding higher efficiency transgenic cottons by genetic engineering are proposed for management of pest resistance and non-target pests.
Crofton weed (Ageratina adenophora) is one of the most hazardous invasive plant species, which ca... more Crofton weed (Ageratina adenophora) is one of the most hazardous invasive plant species, which causes serious economic losses and environmental damages worldwide. However, the sequence resource and genome information of A. adenophora are rather limited, making phylogenetic identification and evolutionary studies very difficult. Here, we report the complete sequence of the A. adenophora chloroplast (cp) genome based on Illumina sequencing. The A. adenophora cp genome is 150, 689 bp in length including a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18, 358 bp and a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84, 815 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 23, 755 bp. The genome contains 130 unique genes and 18 duplicated in the IR regions, with the gene content and organization similar to other Asteraceae cp genomes. Comparative analysis identified five DNA regions (ndhD-ccsA, psbI-trnS, ndhF-ycf1, ndhI-ndhG and atpA-trnR) containing parsimony-informative characters higher than 2%, which may b...
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban, 2003
Epiblema strenuana is the most important natural enemy against Ambrosia artemisiifolia, A. trifid... more Epiblema strenuana is the most important natural enemy against Ambrosia artemisiifolia, A. trifida and Parthenium hysterophorus. In this paper, its ecological adaptability and application risk as a biological agent against ragweed was analyzed and reviewed. Epiblema strenuana had a restrict host specificity, with all the field hosts belonging to Ambrosinae, and its selective risk on sunflower and chrysanthemum was less than 0.01 or/and zero (no risk). 15-35 degrees C was the suitable temperature regimes for E. strenuana to develop, and lower constraint temperature could reach -8(-)-12 degrees C. The population size of this insect could increase 23 and 4 times on A. artemisiifolia, A. trifida and Xanthium sibiricum after each generation, respectively. In the field, the infected plants had an average of 20-30 galls per plant, and died with 5.2 and 26 galls before and after rosette stage. The spread distance of this moth within 12 months after release was more than 100 km. It indicated...
ABSTRACT Several volatile allelochemicals were identified and characterized from fresh leaf tissu... more ABSTRACT Several volatile allelochemicals were identified and characterized from fresh leaf tissues of the invasive croftonweed. A simple bioassay was used to demonstrate the release of volatile allelochemicals from leaf tissues. The bioassays revealed that foliar volatile components of croftonweed exhibited significant effects on the seedling growth of upland rice. Peroxidase (POD) activity, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and root oxidizability rose as the concentration of volatiles increased.Activity for both POD and SOD significantly increased with exposure to 15 g and 20 g of croftonweed leaf tissue for 5 d.Root activity was significant at 10 g compared to the control. The volatile components also stimulated the development of the aerenchyma tissue and inhibited lateral root formation. Leaf volatiles of croftonweed were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Some of the compounds identified included ot-phellandrene, camphene, p-cymene, 2-carene, a-pinene, limonene, and (z)-3-hexen-1-ol. Bioassays showed that four of these compounds could account for the observed phytotoxicity imparted by total leaf volatiles. Limonene, 2-carene, a-pinene and camphene had no phytotoxic effect on shoot elongation. Phellandrene did cause inhibition in shoot growth at all concentrations. Both (z)-3-hexene-1-ol and p-cymene inhibited both shoot elongation and root elongation, but the effects of the two compounds on root length were more significant than on the shoot length.
The transformer (tra) gene appears to act as the genetic switch that promotes female development ... more The transformer (tra) gene appears to act as the genetic switch that promotes female development by interaction with the transformer2 (tra-2) gene in several dipteran species including the Medfly, housefly and Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we describe the isolation, expression and function of tra and tra-2 in the economically important agricultural pest, the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Bdtra and Bdtra-2 are similar to their homologs from other tephritid species. Bdtra demonstrated sex-specific transcripts: one transcript in females and two transcripts in males. In contrast, Bdtra-2 only had one transcript that was common to males and females, which was transcribed continuously in different adult tissues and developmental stages. Bdtra-2 and the female form of Bdtra were maternally inherited in eggs, whereas the male form of Bdtra was not detectable until embryos of 1 and 2 h after egg laying. Function analyses of Bdtra and Bdtra-2 indicated that both ...
ABSTRACT 6‐Hydroxy‐5‐isopropyl‐3,8‐dimethyl‐4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐hexahydronaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one (HHO) is ... more ABSTRACT 6‐Hydroxy‐5‐isopropyl‐3,8‐dimethyl‐4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐hexahydronaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one (HHO) is an allelopathic substance that is related to allelochemical metabolism in Eupatorium adenophorum. In this study, the full‐length complementary DNA of two phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) genes and a fragment of the cinnamate 4‐hydroxylase (CA4H) gene from E. adenophorum (Ea) were cloned. The expression of all three genes was increased by the HHO treatment, with varying sensitivity: EaPAL2 > EaPAL1 > EaCA4H. Southern blotting suggested that there is a third member of the PAL gene family in this species.
The effects of heat shock on survival and reproduction of two whitefly species, Trialeurodes vapo... more The effects of heat shock on survival and reproduction of two whitefly species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), were compared in the laboratory. Whitefly adults were exposed to 26 (control), 37, 39, 41, 43 and 45°C for 1 hour, and were then maintained at 26°C. Adult survival was significantly affected when they were exposed
In this study, conserved sequence regions of HMGR, DXR, and CHS (encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylgluta... more In this study, conserved sequence regions of HMGR, DXR, and CHS (encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase and chalcone synthase, respectively) were amplified by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR from Eupatorium adenophorum. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression of CHS was related to the level of HHO, an allelochemical isolated from E. adenophorum. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that there was no significant difference in expression of genes among three different tissues, except for CHS. Southern blotting indicated that at least three CHS genes are present in the E. adenophorum genome. A full-length cDNA from CHS genes (named EaCHS1, GenBank ID: FJ913888) was cloned. The 1,455 bp cDNA contained an open reading frame (1,206 bp) encoding a protein of 401 amino acids. Preliminary bioinformatics analysis of EaCHS1 revealed that EaCHS1 was a member of CHS family, the subcellular localization predicted that EaCHS1 was a c...
The performance of Alopecosa pulverulenta that preyed on Aphis gossypii supplied with the transge... more The performance of Alopecosa pulverulenta that preyed on Aphis gossypii supplied with the transgenic cotton cultivar SGK321 (GM; with Cry 1 Ac and CpT1) was studied. A. pulverulenta exhibited greater survival and development when they were fed with aphids and fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) alternately than when fed on aphids alone. When only the aphids were supplied under limited or unlimited feeding regimes, the effect on A. pulverulenta was the same whether the aphids were reared on GM or non-GM cotton. In the unlimited feeding experiment, A. pulverulenta exhibited greater survival when it was fed with aphids from GM cotton and fruit flies alternately, compared with that fed on aphids from non-GM cotton and fruit flies alternately. The body mass of A. pulverulenta did not significantly vary between the 2 treatments. The results indicated that GM cotton had no adverse effects on the survival and development of A. pulverulenta
Science in China. Series C, Life sciences / Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2009
The nutrient composition and enzyme activities in larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua ... more The nutrient composition and enzyme activities in larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), fed on high, medium or low gossypol cotton cultivars were examined at different time intervals. Significantly lower free fatty acid was observed in larvae fed for 6 h on high gossypol 'M9101' compared to larvae fed on the low (ZMS13) and intermediate (HZ401) gossypol cultivars. Significantly higher trypsin activity was observed in larvae fed on high gossypol 'M9101' for 24 h compared to those fed for 1, 4 and 6 h. Significantly higher catalase and total superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were observed in larvae of S. exigua fed on high gossypol 'M9101' compared with low gossypol cultivars 'ZMS13' and 'HZ401' for 1, 4, 6 and 24 h. However, significantly lower carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activities were found in larvae fed on high gossypol 'M9101' compared with the other cultivars for 1, 4, 6 and 24 h. The i...
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban, 2003
There may be several ecological impacts induced by transgenic cottons, apart from their direct im... more There may be several ecological impacts induced by transgenic cottons, apart from their direct impact on target pest. The interactions between target insect and transgenic cotton, and the way of toxic expressed by transgenic cotton varied with plant spatial parts and different growing stages are regarded as the main cause for insect to develop resistance. In transgenic cotton field, although chemicals applied to control major insect pest could be reduced greatly, insect community structure including insect pests and beneficial organisms is less stable than that of regular cotton field. It is much easier for minor insect pests developing to be major pest. In order to full utilization of transgenic cottons and keep their efficiency on target pest, methods including integrated pest management and breeding higher efficiency transgenic cottons by genetic engineering are proposed for management of pest resistance and non-target pests.
Crofton weed (Ageratina adenophora) is one of the most hazardous invasive plant species, which ca... more Crofton weed (Ageratina adenophora) is one of the most hazardous invasive plant species, which causes serious economic losses and environmental damages worldwide. However, the sequence resource and genome information of A. adenophora are rather limited, making phylogenetic identification and evolutionary studies very difficult. Here, we report the complete sequence of the A. adenophora chloroplast (cp) genome based on Illumina sequencing. The A. adenophora cp genome is 150, 689 bp in length including a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18, 358 bp and a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84, 815 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 23, 755 bp. The genome contains 130 unique genes and 18 duplicated in the IR regions, with the gene content and organization similar to other Asteraceae cp genomes. Comparative analysis identified five DNA regions (ndhD-ccsA, psbI-trnS, ndhF-ycf1, ndhI-ndhG and atpA-trnR) containing parsimony-informative characters higher than 2%, which may b...
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban, 2003
Epiblema strenuana is the most important natural enemy against Ambrosia artemisiifolia, A. trifid... more Epiblema strenuana is the most important natural enemy against Ambrosia artemisiifolia, A. trifida and Parthenium hysterophorus. In this paper, its ecological adaptability and application risk as a biological agent against ragweed was analyzed and reviewed. Epiblema strenuana had a restrict host specificity, with all the field hosts belonging to Ambrosinae, and its selective risk on sunflower and chrysanthemum was less than 0.01 or/and zero (no risk). 15-35 degrees C was the suitable temperature regimes for E. strenuana to develop, and lower constraint temperature could reach -8(-)-12 degrees C. The population size of this insect could increase 23 and 4 times on A. artemisiifolia, A. trifida and Xanthium sibiricum after each generation, respectively. In the field, the infected plants had an average of 20-30 galls per plant, and died with 5.2 and 26 galls before and after rosette stage. The spread distance of this moth within 12 months after release was more than 100 km. It indicated...
ABSTRACT Several volatile allelochemicals were identified and characterized from fresh leaf tissu... more ABSTRACT Several volatile allelochemicals were identified and characterized from fresh leaf tissues of the invasive croftonweed. A simple bioassay was used to demonstrate the release of volatile allelochemicals from leaf tissues. The bioassays revealed that foliar volatile components of croftonweed exhibited significant effects on the seedling growth of upland rice. Peroxidase (POD) activity, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and root oxidizability rose as the concentration of volatiles increased.Activity for both POD and SOD significantly increased with exposure to 15 g and 20 g of croftonweed leaf tissue for 5 d.Root activity was significant at 10 g compared to the control. The volatile components also stimulated the development of the aerenchyma tissue and inhibited lateral root formation. Leaf volatiles of croftonweed were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Some of the compounds identified included ot-phellandrene, camphene, p-cymene, 2-carene, a-pinene, limonene, and (z)-3-hexen-1-ol. Bioassays showed that four of these compounds could account for the observed phytotoxicity imparted by total leaf volatiles. Limonene, 2-carene, a-pinene and camphene had no phytotoxic effect on shoot elongation. Phellandrene did cause inhibition in shoot growth at all concentrations. Both (z)-3-hexene-1-ol and p-cymene inhibited both shoot elongation and root elongation, but the effects of the two compounds on root length were more significant than on the shoot length.
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