Experiment was conducted to study the cocoon, biological and yield related characters of selected... more Experiment was conducted to study the cocoon, biological and yield related characters of selected pure races of Bombyx mori L. Among the multivoltine races, significantly higher cocoon, biological and yield related characters were observed in AGL3 and low in Pure Mysore. Among the bivoltine races, significantly higher characters were observed in CSR2 and low in NN6D. The silk productivity had significant positive correlation with the cocoon and yield related characters whereas fifth instar larval duration, cocoon length and breadth ratio, and renditta were negatively correlated, among all the 10 pure races tested.
Use of entomopathogenic fungi for controlling the aphids is well attempted and further substantia... more Use of entomopathogenic fungi for controlling the aphids is well attempted and further substantiation of interaction of entomopathogenic fungus in cowpea plants against aphid were studied in detail. Bioassays were performed with five fungal isolates against cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch. The results revealed that the isolate Beauveria bassiana (NBAIR) recorded the highest mortality of 94.67% at 120 hr (at 5 days after treatment- DAT). The foliar application of its crude formulation @ 108 spores ml-1 had significant influence on the induction of defense related enzymes and components against A. craccivora infestation in cowpea. Resistant mechanism mediated by entomopathogenic fungi in cowpea against A. craccivora showed sustained and timely induction/ accumulation of defense enzymes. On 4 DAT the enzymes viz., peroxidases, polyphenol oxidases, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chitinase, catalase and phenolics revealed maximum activity.
Field experiments were carried out during the seasons Rabi 2014/15 at Alandurai, Thondamuthur, Co... more Field experiments were carried out during the seasons Rabi 2014/15 at Alandurai, Thondamuthur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the efficacy of ten insecticides viz., Imidacloprid 17.8% SL, Thiacloprid 21.7% SC, Thiodicarb 75% WP, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Flubendiamide 20 WG, Emamectin benzoate 5 SG, Diafenthiuron 50 WP, Spinosad 2.5% SC, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC and Dimethoate 30% EC along with untreated control against L. orbonalis on brinjal. The findings revealed that the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC was effective and significantly superior over other treatments in reducing the shoot and fruit infestation of L. orbonalis with least effect on natural enemies existed in brinjal fields. Besides, Spinosad 2.5% SC and Flubendiamide 20 WG proved their efficacy next to Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC in controlling L. orbonalis incidence in brinjal.
Evaluation of Six oils along with Lecanicillium lecanii (= Verticillium lecanii) (Zimm.) Zare & W... more Evaluation of Six oils along with Lecanicillium lecanii (= Verticillium lecanii) (Zimm.) Zare & W. Gams (LlMO2) conidia to form micro emulsion formulation and Compatibility of oils with L. lecanii were also tested in the laboratory and bioassay in the laboratory revealed that, LT50 of Eucalyptus oil +Lecanicillium lecanii (E+L), Pungam oil+Lecanicillium lecanii (P+L), Neem oil +Lecanicillium lecanii (N+L), Mustard oil +Lecanicillium lecanii (M+L), Clove oil +Lecanicillium lecanii (Cl+L) and Castor oil +Lecanicillium lecanii (Ca+L) formulations against Phenacoccus solenopsis population were 106.95, 59.15, 54.52, 73.74, 85.28 and 103.90 hours, respectively. The testing of oil formulations against Paracoccus marginatus revealed that, LT50 of (E+L), (P+L), (N+L), (M+L), (Cl+L) and (Ca+L) formulations were 113.43, 66.37, 54.52, 75.47, 89.78 and 110.12 hours, respectively. Oil formulation revealed that, LT50 of (E+L), (P+L), (N+L), (M+L), (Cl+L) and (Ca+L) formulations against Maconellico...
Six oils with three different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) were used along with L. lecanii (LlM... more Six oils with three different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) were used along with L. lecanii (LlMO2) conidia to form micro emulsion formulation. Compatibility of oils with L. lecanii were also tested in the laboratory. In case of neem oil, T value calculated for 1% concentration was 91.51 (C) which indicates compatibility. T value calculated for 2% concentration was 84.83 (C) which indicates compatibility. Among all concentrations, 1% and 2% concentrations are compatible with the fungus based on calculated T value. Among the treatments, eucalyptus oil at 1% concentration did not cause any phytotoxicity symptoms.
The present study entitled “Foraging behavior of Indian bee, Apis cerana indica Fab. on cucumber”... more The present study entitled “Foraging behavior of Indian bee, Apis cerana indica Fab. on cucumber”. Studies on Indian bee abundance, pollen and nectar foraging period, time spent, on Cucumis sativus flowers and number of flowers visited by Indian bee at different hours. The result revealed that highest activity of Apis cerana indica 2.57 bees/ m²/5 min at 0800 h. The peak pollen collection activity of Indian bee was observed in the morning hours from 0800 to 1000h of the day. The peak activity of nectar collection of Indian bee was observed in the morning from 1000- 1200h of the day. The nectar collection activity ceased at 1400h. The mean maximum time spent by Indian bee was 46.75secs/flower at 0800-1000h. The Time spent between 0800h and 1000h shows significantly higher for bee foraging than the other timing intervals. The mean number of flowers visited by A. c. indica population was maximum at 0800-1000h (5.0 flowers / minute). The number of flowers visitation was minimum at 1200-...
An attempt was made to compare the economics of sericulture was carried out in two major sericult... more An attempt was made to compare the economics of sericulture was carried out in two major sericulture zones in Tamil Nadu such as, Western and North Western zone during 2012-13. Farmers who were regular in the practice of silkworm rearing were only randomly selected and data were collected by personal interview method. In north western zone the total cost of mulberry leaf production accounted for 92,610.42 /ha/year, whereas in Western zone it was 1,30,692.20 /ha/year. The return value of cocoon and by-products realized was 6,62,840.64 and 4,81,123.89 /ha/year in Western and North Western zones respectively. The total cost of cocoon production involved was 210923.47 /ha/year in North western zone where as, in Western zone, it accounted for 285687.28/ha/year. The net return from cocoon production for north western zone and western zone was 270200.41 and 377153.36 ha/year. The cost to benefit ratio was 1:2.28 and 1:2.32 for north Western and Western zones respectively. Hence, results of...
The parasitism efficiency through sexual and parthenogenesis reproduction and emergence rate of n... more The parasitism efficiency through sexual and parthenogenesis reproduction and emergence rate of nine different egg parasitoids belong to the Genus Trichogramma viz., T. pretiosum, T. embryophagum, T. achaeae, T. japonicum, T. brassicae, T. mwanzai, T. chilonis, T. dendrolimi and T. evanescens on the eggs of Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis was studied in laboratory condition during three different seasons, Kharif, 2013 (August to September 2013), Rabi, 2013 (November to December 2013) and summer, 2014 (March to April 2014). The results revealed that the parasitoids, T. pretiosum and T. embryophagum had the highest parasitism efficacy against one-day old eggs of L. orbonalis during Rabi, 2013 (27°C ± 5°C) with 92.01 and 90.02 per cent respectively. The study evidenced the superiority of T.embryophagum with maximum emergence rate (90.22 per cent) and greatest ability to parasitize an average of 11.21 eggs of L. orbonalis through parthenogenesis reproduction.
The parasitizing efficiency of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma pretiosum on Leucinodes orbonalis... more The parasitizing efficiency of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma pretiosum on Leucinodes orbonalis was studied under laboratory conditions during two different seasons, Kharif , 2013 and Rabi , 2014. The results showed that parasitism and emergence rate of T. pretiosum was 91.9 and 87.5%, respectively, during Kharif , 2013 at 25°C compared to 41.5 and 35.6%, respectively, during Rabi season on one-day old eggs. It was noted that the parasitoid, T. pretiosum preferred one-day-old eggs of L. orbonalis for parasitism during both the season compared to 2- or 3-days old eggs. The results indicated usefulness of T. pretiosum in parasitizing eggs of L. orbonalis .
The cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne F.) is a serious pest of stored turmeric as they can ... more The cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne F.) is a serious pest of stored turmeric as they can infest a wide range of stored products. An experiment was conducted to determine the development of the cigarette beetle on different food sources viz., turmeric rhizomes, turmeric powder, coriander powder, chilli powder, wheat flour, dried yeast, wheat four + 5% dried yeast, chewing leaf tobacco, cigar tobacco and broiler feed. The developmental period of the beetle viz., incubation period, larval period and pupal period, was recorded. Adult emergence at 1, 2 and 3 generations were also calculated. The results revealed that, dried yeast was significantly better than all other treatments evaluated whereas chewing leaf tobacco and cigar tobacco were consistently served as a poor substrate for the development of the cigarette beetle. They had the ability to complete its lifecycle from the egg stage to the adult stage on all the different food sources.
The study was conducted for preliminary screening trial of 350 cotton genotypes for relative susc... more The study was conducted for preliminary screening trial of 350 cotton genotypes for relative susceptibility/resistance against leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) laid out in Department of Cotton, TNAU, Coimbatore during 2014-2015. Among the 350 genotypes screened, no genotypes were found to be resistant, 50 genotypes were categorized as tolerant, 158 genotypes moderately tolerant, 91 genotypes susceptible and 51 genotypes highly susceptible against leafhopper with a population ranged from 0.10 to 0.78, 0.79 to 1.57, 1.58 to 2.36 and 2.37 to 6.25 leafhopper/3 leaves/plant respectively based on the standard deviation value. The trichomes were compared against leafhoppers, incidence of leafhopper was less in high hairy varieties whereas high in less hairy varieties.
Field experiment was conducted to know the efficacy of plant products viz.,Neem oil 3.0%, Illupai... more Field experiment was conducted to know the efficacy of plant products viz.,Neem oil 3.0%, Illupai oil 3.0%, Neem cake Extract (NCE) 5.0%, Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5.0%, Eucalyptus Leaf Extract 5.0%, Acacia holosericia leaf extract 5.0% as well as NSKE combined with half dose of monocrotophos 0.025%, chlorpyriphos 0.025%, endosulfan 0.035% in comparison with conventional insecticides,endosulfan 0.07% and dichlorvos 0.08% against the spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) in short duration pigeonpea APK 1 during Kharif 2004 and 2005 at National Pulses Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban. The results showed that Neem oil 3.0% and NSKE 5.0% were found effective in reducing the larval population and obtaining higher yields, followed by the NSKE combined with half dose of insecticides. However, the conventional insecticides endosulfan 0.07% and dichlorvos 0.08% were superior to all other treatments.
Experiments on evaluation of redgram (pigeonpea) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) module in compa... more Experiments on evaluation of redgram (pigeonpea) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) module in comparison with the farmers' practice were conducted at National Pulses Research Centre (NPRC), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban as well as in farmer's field with variety Vamban 2 during kharif 2004 and 2005. Adoption of IPM module consisting of the components viz ., intercropping with groundnut, setting up of pheromone traps against Helicoverpa armigera , erection of bird perches, application of Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE), spraying of HaNPV and need based spraying of insecticides registered reduced pod borer damage (31.5 - 35.67%), pod wasp damage (3.33 - 4.67%), pod fly seed damage (5.00% - 6.00%) and pod bug damage (5.67% - 8.67%) as against the farmer's practice of dusting with lindane 1.3D @ 25kg/ha at peak flowering, which recorded higher pod borer damage (48.67 - 54.67%), pod wasp damage (6.33 - 8.33%), pod fly seed damage (6.66 - 8.67%) and pod bug damage (5...
The investigation on the management of cigarette beetle with plant leaves as fumigants was carrie... more The investigation on the management of cigarette beetle with plant leaves as fumigants was carried out with neem (Azadirachta indica), notchi (Vitex negundo), pungam (Pongamia pinnata) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). An untreated control was maintained simultaneously. Among the treatments evaluated, in the single dose application of phyto-fumigants, the treatment, neem fumigation achieved faster cent - percent mortality compared to other treatments during fifth day. Similarly, the eucalyptus fumigation took seven days after treatment to achieve 100% mortality of released adults. Whereas, notchi and pungam fumigation took nine days for the complete mortality of released insects. In the application of double dose of phyto-fumigants, the neem and eucalyptus fumigation has achieved 85.00 per cent mortality after three days of treatment and they were statistically on par with each other followed by pungam fumigation (30.00%) which was statistically on par with notchi fumigation (25...
Experiment was conducted to study the cocoon, biological and yield related characters of selected... more Experiment was conducted to study the cocoon, biological and yield related characters of selected pure races of Bombyx mori L. Among the multivoltine races, significantly higher cocoon, biological and yield related characters were observed in AGL3 and low in Pure Mysore. Among the bivoltine races, significantly higher characters were observed in CSR2 and low in NN6D. The silk productivity had significant positive correlation with the cocoon and yield related characters whereas fifth instar larval duration, cocoon length and breadth ratio, and renditta were negatively correlated, among all the 10 pure races tested.
Use of entomopathogenic fungi for controlling the aphids is well attempted and further substantia... more Use of entomopathogenic fungi for controlling the aphids is well attempted and further substantiation of interaction of entomopathogenic fungus in cowpea plants against aphid were studied in detail. Bioassays were performed with five fungal isolates against cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch. The results revealed that the isolate Beauveria bassiana (NBAIR) recorded the highest mortality of 94.67% at 120 hr (at 5 days after treatment- DAT). The foliar application of its crude formulation @ 108 spores ml-1 had significant influence on the induction of defense related enzymes and components against A. craccivora infestation in cowpea. Resistant mechanism mediated by entomopathogenic fungi in cowpea against A. craccivora showed sustained and timely induction/ accumulation of defense enzymes. On 4 DAT the enzymes viz., peroxidases, polyphenol oxidases, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chitinase, catalase and phenolics revealed maximum activity.
Field experiments were carried out during the seasons Rabi 2014/15 at Alandurai, Thondamuthur, Co... more Field experiments were carried out during the seasons Rabi 2014/15 at Alandurai, Thondamuthur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the efficacy of ten insecticides viz., Imidacloprid 17.8% SL, Thiacloprid 21.7% SC, Thiodicarb 75% WP, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Flubendiamide 20 WG, Emamectin benzoate 5 SG, Diafenthiuron 50 WP, Spinosad 2.5% SC, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC and Dimethoate 30% EC along with untreated control against L. orbonalis on brinjal. The findings revealed that the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC was effective and significantly superior over other treatments in reducing the shoot and fruit infestation of L. orbonalis with least effect on natural enemies existed in brinjal fields. Besides, Spinosad 2.5% SC and Flubendiamide 20 WG proved their efficacy next to Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC in controlling L. orbonalis incidence in brinjal.
Evaluation of Six oils along with Lecanicillium lecanii (= Verticillium lecanii) (Zimm.) Zare & W... more Evaluation of Six oils along with Lecanicillium lecanii (= Verticillium lecanii) (Zimm.) Zare & W. Gams (LlMO2) conidia to form micro emulsion formulation and Compatibility of oils with L. lecanii were also tested in the laboratory and bioassay in the laboratory revealed that, LT50 of Eucalyptus oil +Lecanicillium lecanii (E+L), Pungam oil+Lecanicillium lecanii (P+L), Neem oil +Lecanicillium lecanii (N+L), Mustard oil +Lecanicillium lecanii (M+L), Clove oil +Lecanicillium lecanii (Cl+L) and Castor oil +Lecanicillium lecanii (Ca+L) formulations against Phenacoccus solenopsis population were 106.95, 59.15, 54.52, 73.74, 85.28 and 103.90 hours, respectively. The testing of oil formulations against Paracoccus marginatus revealed that, LT50 of (E+L), (P+L), (N+L), (M+L), (Cl+L) and (Ca+L) formulations were 113.43, 66.37, 54.52, 75.47, 89.78 and 110.12 hours, respectively. Oil formulation revealed that, LT50 of (E+L), (P+L), (N+L), (M+L), (Cl+L) and (Ca+L) formulations against Maconellico...
Six oils with three different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) were used along with L. lecanii (LlM... more Six oils with three different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) were used along with L. lecanii (LlMO2) conidia to form micro emulsion formulation. Compatibility of oils with L. lecanii were also tested in the laboratory. In case of neem oil, T value calculated for 1% concentration was 91.51 (C) which indicates compatibility. T value calculated for 2% concentration was 84.83 (C) which indicates compatibility. Among all concentrations, 1% and 2% concentrations are compatible with the fungus based on calculated T value. Among the treatments, eucalyptus oil at 1% concentration did not cause any phytotoxicity symptoms.
The present study entitled “Foraging behavior of Indian bee, Apis cerana indica Fab. on cucumber”... more The present study entitled “Foraging behavior of Indian bee, Apis cerana indica Fab. on cucumber”. Studies on Indian bee abundance, pollen and nectar foraging period, time spent, on Cucumis sativus flowers and number of flowers visited by Indian bee at different hours. The result revealed that highest activity of Apis cerana indica 2.57 bees/ m²/5 min at 0800 h. The peak pollen collection activity of Indian bee was observed in the morning hours from 0800 to 1000h of the day. The peak activity of nectar collection of Indian bee was observed in the morning from 1000- 1200h of the day. The nectar collection activity ceased at 1400h. The mean maximum time spent by Indian bee was 46.75secs/flower at 0800-1000h. The Time spent between 0800h and 1000h shows significantly higher for bee foraging than the other timing intervals. The mean number of flowers visited by A. c. indica population was maximum at 0800-1000h (5.0 flowers / minute). The number of flowers visitation was minimum at 1200-...
An attempt was made to compare the economics of sericulture was carried out in two major sericult... more An attempt was made to compare the economics of sericulture was carried out in two major sericulture zones in Tamil Nadu such as, Western and North Western zone during 2012-13. Farmers who were regular in the practice of silkworm rearing were only randomly selected and data were collected by personal interview method. In north western zone the total cost of mulberry leaf production accounted for 92,610.42 /ha/year, whereas in Western zone it was 1,30,692.20 /ha/year. The return value of cocoon and by-products realized was 6,62,840.64 and 4,81,123.89 /ha/year in Western and North Western zones respectively. The total cost of cocoon production involved was 210923.47 /ha/year in North western zone where as, in Western zone, it accounted for 285687.28/ha/year. The net return from cocoon production for north western zone and western zone was 270200.41 and 377153.36 ha/year. The cost to benefit ratio was 1:2.28 and 1:2.32 for north Western and Western zones respectively. Hence, results of...
The parasitism efficiency through sexual and parthenogenesis reproduction and emergence rate of n... more The parasitism efficiency through sexual and parthenogenesis reproduction and emergence rate of nine different egg parasitoids belong to the Genus Trichogramma viz., T. pretiosum, T. embryophagum, T. achaeae, T. japonicum, T. brassicae, T. mwanzai, T. chilonis, T. dendrolimi and T. evanescens on the eggs of Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis was studied in laboratory condition during three different seasons, Kharif, 2013 (August to September 2013), Rabi, 2013 (November to December 2013) and summer, 2014 (March to April 2014). The results revealed that the parasitoids, T. pretiosum and T. embryophagum had the highest parasitism efficacy against one-day old eggs of L. orbonalis during Rabi, 2013 (27°C ± 5°C) with 92.01 and 90.02 per cent respectively. The study evidenced the superiority of T.embryophagum with maximum emergence rate (90.22 per cent) and greatest ability to parasitize an average of 11.21 eggs of L. orbonalis through parthenogenesis reproduction.
The parasitizing efficiency of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma pretiosum on Leucinodes orbonalis... more The parasitizing efficiency of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma pretiosum on Leucinodes orbonalis was studied under laboratory conditions during two different seasons, Kharif , 2013 and Rabi , 2014. The results showed that parasitism and emergence rate of T. pretiosum was 91.9 and 87.5%, respectively, during Kharif , 2013 at 25°C compared to 41.5 and 35.6%, respectively, during Rabi season on one-day old eggs. It was noted that the parasitoid, T. pretiosum preferred one-day-old eggs of L. orbonalis for parasitism during both the season compared to 2- or 3-days old eggs. The results indicated usefulness of T. pretiosum in parasitizing eggs of L. orbonalis .
The cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne F.) is a serious pest of stored turmeric as they can ... more The cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne F.) is a serious pest of stored turmeric as they can infest a wide range of stored products. An experiment was conducted to determine the development of the cigarette beetle on different food sources viz., turmeric rhizomes, turmeric powder, coriander powder, chilli powder, wheat flour, dried yeast, wheat four + 5% dried yeast, chewing leaf tobacco, cigar tobacco and broiler feed. The developmental period of the beetle viz., incubation period, larval period and pupal period, was recorded. Adult emergence at 1, 2 and 3 generations were also calculated. The results revealed that, dried yeast was significantly better than all other treatments evaluated whereas chewing leaf tobacco and cigar tobacco were consistently served as a poor substrate for the development of the cigarette beetle. They had the ability to complete its lifecycle from the egg stage to the adult stage on all the different food sources.
The study was conducted for preliminary screening trial of 350 cotton genotypes for relative susc... more The study was conducted for preliminary screening trial of 350 cotton genotypes for relative susceptibility/resistance against leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) laid out in Department of Cotton, TNAU, Coimbatore during 2014-2015. Among the 350 genotypes screened, no genotypes were found to be resistant, 50 genotypes were categorized as tolerant, 158 genotypes moderately tolerant, 91 genotypes susceptible and 51 genotypes highly susceptible against leafhopper with a population ranged from 0.10 to 0.78, 0.79 to 1.57, 1.58 to 2.36 and 2.37 to 6.25 leafhopper/3 leaves/plant respectively based on the standard deviation value. The trichomes were compared against leafhoppers, incidence of leafhopper was less in high hairy varieties whereas high in less hairy varieties.
Field experiment was conducted to know the efficacy of plant products viz.,Neem oil 3.0%, Illupai... more Field experiment was conducted to know the efficacy of plant products viz.,Neem oil 3.0%, Illupai oil 3.0%, Neem cake Extract (NCE) 5.0%, Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5.0%, Eucalyptus Leaf Extract 5.0%, Acacia holosericia leaf extract 5.0% as well as NSKE combined with half dose of monocrotophos 0.025%, chlorpyriphos 0.025%, endosulfan 0.035% in comparison with conventional insecticides,endosulfan 0.07% and dichlorvos 0.08% against the spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) in short duration pigeonpea APK 1 during Kharif 2004 and 2005 at National Pulses Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban. The results showed that Neem oil 3.0% and NSKE 5.0% were found effective in reducing the larval population and obtaining higher yields, followed by the NSKE combined with half dose of insecticides. However, the conventional insecticides endosulfan 0.07% and dichlorvos 0.08% were superior to all other treatments.
Experiments on evaluation of redgram (pigeonpea) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) module in compa... more Experiments on evaluation of redgram (pigeonpea) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) module in comparison with the farmers' practice were conducted at National Pulses Research Centre (NPRC), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban as well as in farmer's field with variety Vamban 2 during kharif 2004 and 2005. Adoption of IPM module consisting of the components viz ., intercropping with groundnut, setting up of pheromone traps against Helicoverpa armigera , erection of bird perches, application of Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE), spraying of HaNPV and need based spraying of insecticides registered reduced pod borer damage (31.5 - 35.67%), pod wasp damage (3.33 - 4.67%), pod fly seed damage (5.00% - 6.00%) and pod bug damage (5.67% - 8.67%) as against the farmer's practice of dusting with lindane 1.3D @ 25kg/ha at peak flowering, which recorded higher pod borer damage (48.67 - 54.67%), pod wasp damage (6.33 - 8.33%), pod fly seed damage (6.66 - 8.67%) and pod bug damage (5...
The investigation on the management of cigarette beetle with plant leaves as fumigants was carrie... more The investigation on the management of cigarette beetle with plant leaves as fumigants was carried out with neem (Azadirachta indica), notchi (Vitex negundo), pungam (Pongamia pinnata) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). An untreated control was maintained simultaneously. Among the treatments evaluated, in the single dose application of phyto-fumigants, the treatment, neem fumigation achieved faster cent - percent mortality compared to other treatments during fifth day. Similarly, the eucalyptus fumigation took seven days after treatment to achieve 100% mortality of released adults. Whereas, notchi and pungam fumigation took nine days for the complete mortality of released insects. In the application of double dose of phyto-fumigants, the neem and eucalyptus fumigation has achieved 85.00 per cent mortality after three days of treatment and they were statistically on par with each other followed by pungam fumigation (30.00%) which was statistically on par with notchi fumigation (25...
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