A global survey of coral reefs reveals that overfishing is driving resident shark species toward ... more A global survey of coral reefs reveals that overfishing is driving resident shark species toward extinction, causing diversity deficits in reef elasmobranch (shark and ray) assemblages. Our species-level analysis revealed global declines of 60 to 73% for five common resident reef shark species and that individual shark species were not detected at 34 to 47% of surveyed reefs. As reefs become more shark-depleted, rays begin to dominate assemblages. Shark-dominated assemblages persist in wealthy nations with strong governance and in highly protected areas, whereas poverty, weak governance, and a lack of shark management are associated with depauperate assemblages mainly composed of rays. Without action to address these diversity deficits, loss of ecological function and ecosystem services will increasingly affect human communities.
Catalysis is of crucial importance for the chemical industry. The number of catalysts applied in ... more Catalysis is of crucial importance for the chemical industry. The number of catalysts applied in industry is very large, and catalysts come in many different forms, from heterogeneous catalysts in the form of porous solids to homogeneous catalysts dissolved in the liquid reaction mixture to biological catalysts in the form of enzymes. Catalysis is a multidisciplinary field requiring efforts of specialists in different fields of chemistry, physics and biology to work together to achieve the goals set by mankind. There is a direct link between chemical kinetics and catalysis; according to the very definition of catalysis, it is a kinetic process. Despite the fundamental differences between elementary steps in catalytic process on surfaces with enzymes or homogeneous organometallic complexes, there are striking similarities in terms of chemical kinetics. A general overview of different types of catalysis is presented and discussed in this chapter. Basic definitions related to formal kinetics and acquisition of kinetic data are introduced. Different kinds of chemical reactors along with respective mass balances are presented. Finally, a relationship between kinetics and thermodynamics is discussed.
<p>The number of fish analyzed at each location was 11 for the British Virgin Islands (BVI)... more <p>The number of fish analyzed at each location was 11 for the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and 5 for the Florida Keys. C-CTX-1 was confirmed by LC-MS/MS (denoted by an *) in six of the samples from BVI and one from Florida Keys. The horizontal dashed line indicates the FDA guidance level of 0.1 ppb for C-CTX-1 eq.</p
<p>The chromatogram shows the three characteristic confirmatory ion transitions (<i>m... more <p>The chromatogram shows the three characteristic confirmatory ion transitions (<i>m/z</i> 1123.6 > 1105.6, 1123.6 > 1087.6, and 1123.6 > 1069.9) and the retention time (4.8 min) of a C-CTX-1 standard and in lionfish.</p
<p>Following the RBA<sub>F</sub> screening, all the positive samples (n = 30) p... more <p>Following the RBA<sub>F</sub> screening, all the positive samples (n = 30) plus a subset of negative samples (n = 24) were next analyzed using CBA-N2a and LC-MS/MS. The negative samples identified by RBA<sub>F</sub> were also negative when measured by CBA-N2a and LC-MS/MS. CBA-N2a and LC-MS/MS confirmed that a subset of the samples screened contained measurable levels of C-CTX-1. Location abbreviations FGBNMS and USVI stand for Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary and United States Virgin Islands, respectively.</p
Red lionfish (Pterois volitans) have become a successful invasive predator across the Northwester... more Red lionfish (Pterois volitans) have become a successful invasive predator across the Northwestern Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Previous investigations have identified the southeast coast of Florida as the original site of introduction, but no region-wide genetic study has directly addressed the question of introduction location(s). This dataset includes previously unpublished red lionfish samples (n = 237) from six locations: The Bahamas, Florida Keys, Northwest Florida, North Carolina, Panama, and Southeast Florida. Sequences archived in NCBI from other locations in the Northern Region, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico basins were used in the analyses (N = 1558). Previously published sequences were obtained from Freshwater et al. (2009) (N = 396), Sealy et al. (2013) (N = 178), Whitaker and Janosik (2020) (N = 80), Butterfield et al. (2015) (N = 214), Toledo-Hernandez et al. (2014) (N = 118), Betancur-R et al. (2011) (N = 337), and Johnson et al. (2016) (N = 235). P...
The invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans (Bennet, 1828) and P. miles (Linnaeus, 1758)... more The invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans (Bennet, 1828) and P. miles (Linnaeus, 1758)) has been a source of concern due to its potential ecological, social, public health and economic impacts in Jamaica as in other Caribbean locations. The ecology of the lionfish, both in its native and introduced range, has been studied to a lesser degree than studies on its distribution and impact but not previously in Jamaica. Increased knowledge of the ecology of this invasive species is an important step to identify and improve management and control strategies. Habitat preference was studied in Discovery Bay, St. Ann, Jamaica in mid-2011 using the habitat characteristics of depth, substrate type, reef profile and reef health at five (5) different sites. Surveys were completed for lionfish and prey abundance as well as photo-transect surveys for reef health. Results showed a preference for deeper, hard-bottom, sloping or wall profiles, (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.002, p = 0.081, and...
A global survey of coral reefs reveals that overfishing is driving resident shark species toward ... more A global survey of coral reefs reveals that overfishing is driving resident shark species toward extinction, causing diversity deficits in reef elasmobranch (shark and ray) assemblages. Our species-level analysis revealed global declines of 60 to 73% for five common resident reef shark species and that individual shark species were not detected at 34 to 47% of surveyed reefs. As reefs become more shark-depleted, rays begin to dominate assemblages. Shark-dominated assemblages persist in wealthy nations with strong governance and in highly protected areas, whereas poverty, weak governance, and a lack of shark management are associated with depauperate assemblages mainly composed of rays. Without action to address these diversity deficits, loss of ecological function and ecosystem services will increasingly affect human communities.
Catalysis is of crucial importance for the chemical industry. The number of catalysts applied in ... more Catalysis is of crucial importance for the chemical industry. The number of catalysts applied in industry is very large, and catalysts come in many different forms, from heterogeneous catalysts in the form of porous solids to homogeneous catalysts dissolved in the liquid reaction mixture to biological catalysts in the form of enzymes. Catalysis is a multidisciplinary field requiring efforts of specialists in different fields of chemistry, physics and biology to work together to achieve the goals set by mankind. There is a direct link between chemical kinetics and catalysis; according to the very definition of catalysis, it is a kinetic process. Despite the fundamental differences between elementary steps in catalytic process on surfaces with enzymes or homogeneous organometallic complexes, there are striking similarities in terms of chemical kinetics. A general overview of different types of catalysis is presented and discussed in this chapter. Basic definitions related to formal kinetics and acquisition of kinetic data are introduced. Different kinds of chemical reactors along with respective mass balances are presented. Finally, a relationship between kinetics and thermodynamics is discussed.
<p>The number of fish analyzed at each location was 11 for the British Virgin Islands (BVI)... more <p>The number of fish analyzed at each location was 11 for the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and 5 for the Florida Keys. C-CTX-1 was confirmed by LC-MS/MS (denoted by an *) in six of the samples from BVI and one from Florida Keys. The horizontal dashed line indicates the FDA guidance level of 0.1 ppb for C-CTX-1 eq.</p
<p>The chromatogram shows the three characteristic confirmatory ion transitions (<i>m... more <p>The chromatogram shows the three characteristic confirmatory ion transitions (<i>m/z</i> 1123.6 > 1105.6, 1123.6 > 1087.6, and 1123.6 > 1069.9) and the retention time (4.8 min) of a C-CTX-1 standard and in lionfish.</p
<p>Following the RBA<sub>F</sub> screening, all the positive samples (n = 30) p... more <p>Following the RBA<sub>F</sub> screening, all the positive samples (n = 30) plus a subset of negative samples (n = 24) were next analyzed using CBA-N2a and LC-MS/MS. The negative samples identified by RBA<sub>F</sub> were also negative when measured by CBA-N2a and LC-MS/MS. CBA-N2a and LC-MS/MS confirmed that a subset of the samples screened contained measurable levels of C-CTX-1. Location abbreviations FGBNMS and USVI stand for Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary and United States Virgin Islands, respectively.</p
Red lionfish (Pterois volitans) have become a successful invasive predator across the Northwester... more Red lionfish (Pterois volitans) have become a successful invasive predator across the Northwestern Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Previous investigations have identified the southeast coast of Florida as the original site of introduction, but no region-wide genetic study has directly addressed the question of introduction location(s). This dataset includes previously unpublished red lionfish samples (n = 237) from six locations: The Bahamas, Florida Keys, Northwest Florida, North Carolina, Panama, and Southeast Florida. Sequences archived in NCBI from other locations in the Northern Region, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico basins were used in the analyses (N = 1558). Previously published sequences were obtained from Freshwater et al. (2009) (N = 396), Sealy et al. (2013) (N = 178), Whitaker and Janosik (2020) (N = 80), Butterfield et al. (2015) (N = 214), Toledo-Hernandez et al. (2014) (N = 118), Betancur-R et al. (2011) (N = 337), and Johnson et al. (2016) (N = 235). P...
The invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans (Bennet, 1828) and P. miles (Linnaeus, 1758)... more The invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans (Bennet, 1828) and P. miles (Linnaeus, 1758)) has been a source of concern due to its potential ecological, social, public health and economic impacts in Jamaica as in other Caribbean locations. The ecology of the lionfish, both in its native and introduced range, has been studied to a lesser degree than studies on its distribution and impact but not previously in Jamaica. Increased knowledge of the ecology of this invasive species is an important step to identify and improve management and control strategies. Habitat preference was studied in Discovery Bay, St. Ann, Jamaica in mid-2011 using the habitat characteristics of depth, substrate type, reef profile and reef health at five (5) different sites. Surveys were completed for lionfish and prey abundance as well as photo-transect surveys for reef health. Results showed a preference for deeper, hard-bottom, sloping or wall profiles, (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.002, p = 0.081, and...
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