Books by Christopher J Joyce
The Athenian Reconciliation Agreement of 403 BCE: The Rule of Law under Restored Democracy, 2022
This monograph consists of eight chapters and is the culmination of several scholarly articles an... more This monograph consists of eight chapters and is the culmination of several scholarly articles and chapters on the Athenian Reconciliation Agreement of 403 BCE. It offers fresh readings of the evidence for the Reconciliation and studies the application of the clauses of the treaty in the court trials that followed. It establishes that the Athenian Reconciliation was contracted and applied legally and became the benchmark of amnesty treaties in the ancient world and beyond.
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Published articles in journals by Christopher J Joyce
Civic rights, not civic rites, 2024
This article challenges recent trends of thought which have defined citizenship at Athens in term... more This article challenges recent trends of thought which have defined citizenship at Athens in terms of religious obligation and re-focuses citizenship on legal and civic rights.
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RDE XII, 2022
This article supplements an earlier piece in RDE XI (2021) in which I provided a new reading of t... more This article supplements an earlier piece in RDE XI (2021) in which I provided a new reading of the Demotionidai inscription (IG II2 1237). This short note re-examines seven lines from the third enactment in the dossier, that of Menexenos, and clarifies induction procedures in the light of the inscribed evidence and extraneous evidence from orators and lexicographers.
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The Solonian Amnesty Law (Plu. Sol. 19.3-4) and the Athenian Law on Homicide, 2021
Ever since Ruschenbusch published his seminal study of the laws of Solon, the near universal assu... more Ever since Ruschenbusch published his seminal study of the laws of Solon, the near universal assumption in scholarship has been that the Solonian 'amnesty law', quoted by Plutarch, is a genuine document. Yet, scholars have found no convincing route around the problem identified by Plutarch, that the law as cited cannot combine with the silence of Draco about the Areopagus. This paper argues that the text which Plutarch quoted at Sol. 19.3, Solon's 'amnesty law', was authentic, but for none of the reasons conventionally given. A fresh consideration of the law on homicide will lead to the conclusion that its original purpose was to limit the power of the magistrate to inflict punishment, and to protect the rights of the killer by taking account of extenuating circumstances such as involuntary or lawful killing. Draco did not need to refer to the Areopagus because, by unwritten tradition, this was the court before which all homicide cases had previously been tried, without possibility of appeal. The first written law on homicide transferred jurisdiction from the Areopagus to other courts in the event of extenuating circumstances, such as justifiable or involuntary killing, which explains Draco's silence.
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A New Solution to the 'Demotionidai' Inscription (IG II (2) 1237 = Rhodes, Osborne no. 5, 2021
Few inscribed Greek texts have provoked more widespread disagreement and controversy than a famou... more Few inscribed Greek texts have provoked more widespread disagreement and controversy than a famous dossier of three enactments dating from the first half of the fourth century BCE, belonging to a religious body in Attica of unknown identity. Discovered in 1883 in the royal residence at Tatoi, near Dekeleia, the marble stele is inscribed on two sides (Faces A and B). Stephanos Koumanoudes produced the editio princeps of Face A (l.1-58), which Ulrich Köhler used as the transcript for the first edition in IG II 5 841b; Face B (l. 59-126) was published five years later, in 1888, by Ioannis Pandazidis and Habbo Lolling, in two independent editions. The first hundred and thirteen lines, which contain the decree of Hierokles (l. 13-68) and rider of Nikodemos (l. 68-113), are inscribed in the same hand, whereas the last twelve, which contain a third enactment of Menexenos (l. 114-126) in a different hand, were added some thirty years or so later, to judge by the letter shapes, after c. 360. The first two measures survive in completeness, but the last breaks off just at the point where instructions for publication were issued. Hierokles and the rider of Nikodemos are inscribed stoichedon (thirty per line). Menexenos is less regular, the letters varying between thirty-two and thirty-eight per line. Another feature of the stone is two large erasures, one at line 2, subsequently written over, and another at lines 69-73; lines 47 and 113 contain smaller erasures of eight and five letters, respectively 1. The relationship between phratry and polis has been the focus of a long and complex scholarly dispute originating in the nineteenth century. The old view was that the polis emerged out of prehistoric societal structures, such as tribes, phratries, and clans (if that is the meaning of the elusive word gene), which historically and chronologically predated the polis. According to that view, the rise of the Greek polis was a democratic counterstroke to the political ten-1 The inscription is housed in the National Epigraphical Museum in Athens (inv. 13529).
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Citizenship or inheritance? The Phratry in Classical Athens, 2019
This article challenges the modern orthodoxy which states that phratry membership was a necessary... more This article challenges the modern orthodoxy which states that phratry membership was a necessary precondition of Athenian citizenship in the fifth and fourth centuries BC and argues that the purpose of the phratry was to establish not claims to citizenship, even though membership in a phratry was proof of citizenship, but inheritance rights. It questions the widespread assumption that citizens needed to be born of unions legally cemented by engyê. In turn, it challenges a recent attempt to argue that legitimacy of birth and legitimacy in community were one and the same. Finally, in examines passages of orators which show that the concern of the phratry was to establish not the right to participate in Athenian polity, which was the business of the deme to determine, but the right to inherit property, and in the light of those conclusions argues that while membership in the phratry proved citizenship, it was not essential or necessary for each and every citizen of Athens to be a member of a phratry, the chief purpose of which was to establish claims to inheritance rights.
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Atimia and Outlawry in Archaic and Classical Greece, 2018
This article challenges the commonly held belief that atimia in its earliest Greek usage meant ex... more This article challenges the commonly held belief that atimia in its earliest Greek usage meant exile, arguing instead that atimia and outlawry were always two entirely distinct, though not mutually exclusive, concepts. It is often claimed that atimia originated as a penalty of death or exile, but that over time its harshness became modified so that those who suffered under its restrictions could not be killed or assaulted with impunity. A careful study of the evidence will show that atimia never meant outlawry, and moreover, its archaic cognates do not imply that in early times to lose timê was the same as losing membership in a political community. Rather, atimazesthai entailed the loss of social honour and status which was an all-encompassing value in the aristocratic societies of archaic Greece. Atimia in the Classical period is similarly a loss of rights (timai), and because penalties and conditions such as exile and outlawry can be easily described, in Greek, as involving the loss of prerogatives (timai), they are conceptually forms of atimia. However, in the legal language of democratic Athens atimia is and always was something distinct from exile, and this legal distinction went back to the very earliest times.
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Oaths, Covenants, and Laws in the Athenian Reconciliation Agreement of 403 BCE, 2015
This paper develops and expands upon earlier discussions of the meaning of me mnesikakein in Gree... more This paper develops and expands upon earlier discussions of the meaning of me mnesikakein in Greek and includes an appendix by Edward Harris.
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The Athenian Amnesty and Scrutiny of 403, 2008
This article establishes that the Athenian Amnesty of 403 BCE was conceived as an attempt to reco... more This article establishes that the Athenian Amnesty of 403 BCE was conceived as an attempt to reconcile two sides in a bitter civil war and that its aim was to guarantee against vindictive action in the courts against those who had taken the losing side in the civil conflict.
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Was Hellanikos the First Chronicler of Athens?, 1999
This article establishes that Hellanikos of Lesbos was not the first chronicler of Athens and arg... more This article establishes that Hellanikos of Lesbos was not the first chronicler of Athens and argues for a new re-construction of the principles of Atthidography to replace the older theories of Felix Jacoby.
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Chapters in edited volumes by Christopher J Joyce
Could Athenian Women be Counted as Citizens in Democratic Athens?, 2023
Women of Athens were citizens in the important sense that they had personal rights and were neede... more Women of Athens were citizens in the important sense that they had personal rights and were needed so that Athenian men could produce Athenian progeny. Yet, beyond this, there citizenship was not symmetrical to that of men. Much attention has recently paid to the performative role of citizenship, such as religious worship, but the ancient sources are consistent on the point that citizenship in Greek antiquity expressed itself in terms of membership of the politeia.
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The Athenian Reconciliation Agreement of 403 BCE and its Legacy for the Greek cities in the Classical and Hellenistic Ages, 2016
This chapter examines the Athenian Reconciliation Agreement of 403 BCE in the light of other amne... more This chapter examines the Athenian Reconciliation Agreement of 403 BCE in the light of other amnesty agreements in Classical and Hellenistic Greece
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Book Reviews by Christopher J Joyce
Review of Money, Warfare and Power in the Ancient World, 2024
Review of Armstrong, Pomeroy, Rosenbloom (2024)
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Review of Leges Draconis et Solonis, 2024
Review of W. Schmitz (2023)
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Review of R. van Wijk, ''Athens and Boiotia: interstate relations in the archaic and classical periods', 2024
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Law, Civic Liberty, and the Limits of Democratic Freedom, 2024
This is a review of 'Freedom and Power in Democratic Athens' by N. T. Campa
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Review of Joyce, Amnesty and Reconciliation in Late Fifth-Century Athens: The Rule of Law under R... more Review of Joyce, Amnesty and Reconciliation in Late Fifth-Century Athens: The Rule of Law under Restored Democracy
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Books by Christopher J Joyce
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