The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is native to Asia... more The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is native to Asia but has been intentionally introduced to many countries as a biological control agent of pest insects. In numerous countries, however, it has been introduced unintentionally. The dramatic spread of H. axyridis within many countries has been met with considerable trepidation. It is a generalist top predator, able to thrive in many habitats and across wide climatic conditions. It poses a threat to biodiversity, particularly aphidophagous insects, through competition and predation, and in many countries adverse effects have been reported on other species, particularly coccinellids. However, the patterns are not consistent around the world and seem to be affected by many factors including landscape and climate. Research on H. axyridis has provided detailed insights into invasion biology from broad patterns and processes to approaches in surveillance and monitoring. An impressive number of studies on this alien species have provided mechanistic evidence alongside models explaining large-scale patterns and processes. The involvement of citizens in monitoring this species in a number of countries around the world is inspiring and has provided data on scales that would be otherwise unachievable. Harmonia axyridis has successfully been used as a model invasive alien species and has been the inspiration for global collaborations at various scales. There is considerable scope to expand the research and associated collaborations, particularly to increase the breadth of parallel studies conducted in the native and invaded regions. Indeed a qualitative comparison of biological traits across the native and invaded range suggests that there are differences which ultimately could influence the population dynamics of this invader. Here we provide an overview of the invasion history and ecology of H. axyridis globally with consideration of future research perspectives. We reflect broadly on the contributions of such research to our understanding of invasion biology while also informing policy and people.
Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C a Journal of Biosciences, 2009
3,7-Dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were identified in female whole body extr... more 3,7-Dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were identified in female whole body extracts from the two pine sawfly species Gilpinia frutetorum and Gilpinia socia. This is the first observation of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol in extracts of a female pine sawfly species. Synthetic and highly pure stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were used to verify that the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and (2S,3R)-3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were present in the extracts. The four stereoisomers of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol and their biologically active esters were produced via chemoenzymatic methods and the synthesis is described in detail. Male G. socia antennae responded strongly in EAG recordings to the (2S,3R)-isomer of the acetate and propionate of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol. Male antennae of both G. frutetorum and G. socia also responded to the (2S,3R,7R)- and (2S,3R,7S)-acetates of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol.
3,7-Dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were identified in female whole body extr... more 3,7-Dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were identified in female whole body extracts from the two pine sawfly species Gilpinia frutetorum and Gilpinia socia. This is the first observation of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol in extracts of a female pine sawfly species. Synthetic and highly pure stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were used to verify that the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and (2S,3R)-3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were present in the extracts. The four stereoisomers of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol and their biologically active esters were produced via chemoenzymatic methods and the synthesis is described in detail. Male G. socia antennae responded strongly in EAG recordings to the (2S,3R)-isomer of the acetate and propionate of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol. Male antennae of both G. frutetorum and G. socia also responded to the (2S,3R,7R)- and (2S,3R,7S)-acetates of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol.
We present the identification of the sex pheromone in the pine sawfly, Gilpinia pallida, includin... more We present the identification of the sex pheromone in the pine sawfly, Gilpinia pallida, including analysis of the female pheromone content, male antennal response and attraction in the field, and synthesis of the most active pheromone component. Several 3,7-dimethyl-2-alkanols were identified from female whole-body extracts, including some compounds with a 2R configuration. This is the first observation of such compounds in a pine sawfly species. Antennae of male G. pallida responded strongly in electroantennograph (EAG) recordings to the (2S,3R,7R)-isomers of the propionates of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, and 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol, as well as to the acetates of the tri- and pentadecanols (the acetate of the tetradecanol was not tested). The propionate of (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol caught more males in the field than the corresponding isomer of tri- or pentadecanol. We suggest that the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol is likely the main sex pheromone precursor in G. pallida, with a subsidiary role for the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of the tridecanol. Preparation of highly pure (2R,3R,7R)- and (2S,3R,7R)-stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, including the biological active esters, was performed via chemoenzymatic methods and is described in detail.
Summary. The first identification of a sex pheromone of a pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) ... more Summary. The first identification of a sex pheromone of a pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) dates back almost thirty years. Since then, female-produced pheromones of over twenty diprionid species have been investigated by solvent extraction followed by separation and identification. However, no study has shown what the females actually release. Collection of airborne compounds using absorbtion on charcoal filter as well
The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is native to Asia... more The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is native to Asia but has been intentionally introduced to many countries as a biological control agent of pest insects. In numerous countries, however, it has been introduced unintentionally. The dramatic spread of H. axyridis within many countries has been met with considerable trepidation. It is a generalist top predator, able to thrive in many habitats and across wide climatic conditions. It poses a threat to biodiversity, particularly aphidophagous insects, through competition and predation, and in many countries adverse effects have been reported on other species, particularly coccinellids. However, the patterns are not consistent around the world and seem to be affected by many factors including landscape and climate. Research on H. axyridis has provided detailed insights into invasion biology from broad patterns and processes to approaches in surveillance and monitoring. An impressive number of studies on this alien species have provided mechanistic evidence alongside models explaining large-scale patterns and processes. The involvement of citizens in monitoring this species in a number of countries around the world is inspiring and has provided data on scales that would be otherwise unachievable. Harmonia axyridis has successfully been used as a model invasive alien species and has been the inspiration for global collaborations at various scales. There is considerable scope to expand the research and associated collaborations, particularly to increase the breadth of parallel studies conducted in the native and invaded regions. Indeed a qualitative comparison of biological traits across the native and invaded range suggests that there are differences which ultimately could influence the population dynamics of this invader. Here we provide an overview of the invasion history and ecology of H. axyridis globally with consideration of future research perspectives. We reflect broadly on the contributions of such research to our understanding of invasion biology while also informing policy and people.
Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C a Journal of Biosciences, 2009
3,7-Dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were identified in female whole body extr... more 3,7-Dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were identified in female whole body extracts from the two pine sawfly species Gilpinia frutetorum and Gilpinia socia. This is the first observation of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol in extracts of a female pine sawfly species. Synthetic and highly pure stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were used to verify that the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and (2S,3R)-3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were present in the extracts. The four stereoisomers of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol and their biologically active esters were produced via chemoenzymatic methods and the synthesis is described in detail. Male G. socia antennae responded strongly in EAG recordings to the (2S,3R)-isomer of the acetate and propionate of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol. Male antennae of both G. frutetorum and G. socia also responded to the (2S,3R,7R)- and (2S,3R,7S)-acetates of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol.
3,7-Dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were identified in female whole body extr... more 3,7-Dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were identified in female whole body extracts from the two pine sawfly species Gilpinia frutetorum and Gilpinia socia. This is the first observation of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol in extracts of a female pine sawfly species. Synthetic and highly pure stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were used to verify that the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol and (2S,3R)-3-methylpentadecan-2-ol were present in the extracts. The four stereoisomers of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol and their biologically active esters were produced via chemoenzymatic methods and the synthesis is described in detail. Male G. socia antennae responded strongly in EAG recordings to the (2S,3R)-isomer of the acetate and propionate of 3-methylpentadecan-2-ol. Male antennae of both G. frutetorum and G. socia also responded to the (2S,3R,7R)- and (2S,3R,7S)-acetates of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol.
We present the identification of the sex pheromone in the pine sawfly, Gilpinia pallida, includin... more We present the identification of the sex pheromone in the pine sawfly, Gilpinia pallida, including analysis of the female pheromone content, male antennal response and attraction in the field, and synthesis of the most active pheromone component. Several 3,7-dimethyl-2-alkanols were identified from female whole-body extracts, including some compounds with a 2R configuration. This is the first observation of such compounds in a pine sawfly species. Antennae of male G. pallida responded strongly in electroantennograph (EAG) recordings to the (2S,3R,7R)-isomers of the propionates of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, and 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol, as well as to the acetates of the tri- and pentadecanols (the acetate of the tetradecanol was not tested). The propionate of (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol caught more males in the field than the corresponding isomer of tri- or pentadecanol. We suggest that the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol is likely the main sex pheromone precursor in G. pallida, with a subsidiary role for the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of the tridecanol. Preparation of highly pure (2R,3R,7R)- and (2S,3R,7R)-stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, including the biological active esters, was performed via chemoenzymatic methods and is described in detail.
Summary. The first identification of a sex pheromone of a pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) ... more Summary. The first identification of a sex pheromone of a pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) dates back almost thirty years. Since then, female-produced pheromones of over twenty diprionid species have been investigated by solvent extraction followed by separation and identification. However, no study has shown what the females actually release. Collection of airborne compounds using absorbtion on charcoal filter as well
Uploads
Papers by Annette Herz